Isayensi kwihlabathi: inkcazo emfutshane

Igama elithi "inzululwazi" kuninzi lwabantu lenza ukuba kubekho imibutho elandelayo: iincwadi ezinzima, izambatho ezimhlophe kunye ne-microscopes. Xa kuthethwa ngaye, i-astronomer ibonakala phambi kwethu, ijonge kwi- telescope, inzululwazi kwimvula yamanzi, ibhalwe phantsi kwibhodi ye-equation e-Einstein, ivula i-shuttle space, njalo njalo. Yonke le mifanekiso ibonisa izinto ezithile kuphela, kodwa akukho namnye kubo onika umfanekiso opheleleyo, kuba isayensi yendalo imo.

Umntu kwihlabathi lezesayensi

Kwimihla endala, amadoda ahlala phambili ekuphuhlisweni nasekuphuculweni kwezesayensi, nokuba yiTshayina, iGrisi, iNdiya okanye eMbindi Mpuma. Ukususela kwi-XVI ukuya kwi-XX leminyaka, kwavela ikakhulu kumazwe aseNtshona. Kodwa emva kwexesha, yonke into yatshintsha. Isayensi kwihlabathi ngoku ivulekele bonke-kungakhathaliseki ubuzwe, ubulili, ubudlelwane benkolo okanye nayiphi na impawu. Abantu abavela kuzo zonke iindalo zehlabathi bathathe inxaxheba ekuphuhlisweni kwayo, kwilizwe ngalinye kukho amaziko akhethekileyo.

Ulwahlulo lweenkalo zesayensi lulunye lwezitshixo zokuqhubela phambili. Oku kusivumela ukuba sigubungele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokujonga, ukuhlakulela iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuxazulula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki ezikunceda ukulinganisela ukungalingani kunye nokukhokelela ekuqondeni okupheleleyo ngakumbi kwihlabathi lendalo. Inzululwazi kunye nekhnoloji yehlabathi lilifa lehlabathi. Ngethuba lethu livulekile kuwo wonke umntu.

Ukuqonda iNzululwazi: Ngokubanzi

Ukuze uqonde oko inzululwazi ekhoyo kwihlabathi, kufuneka nje ubuke emva. Uyabona ntoni? Ingaba sisandla sakho kwimouse, kwikhompyutheni yekhompyutheni, iphephandaba, ipeni yebhola etafile kunye nokunye okuninzi. Ngokwemvo, inzululwazi ngolwazi lwethu kuzo zonke izinto ezisemhlabeni wonke: ukusuka kwiincinci ezincinci kwi-atom yesinyithi ukuya kwiimpendulo zenyukliya ezakha inkwenkwezi enkulu yomlilo-ilanga. Umzekelo unxibelelwano lweekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi kunye nokunyakaza kwamandla emzimbeni, okusivumela ukuba sifunde kwaye siwaqonde la magama.

Kodwa ngokubalulekayo kukuba inzululwazi ehlabathini yinkqubo eqhubekayo kunye nenomdla esiyifunayo malunga nendlela indalo isebenza ngayo. Nangona kunjalo, inzululwazi ihluke kwezinye iindlela ezininzi zokufunda, kuba incike ekuhloleni iingcamango kunye neengcamango nobungqina obuqokelelwe kwizinto zendalo. Uninzi lwabantu bonke banomdla kwinkqubo yokwazisa umhlaba wendalo kunye nokufikelela kule mimandla enefuthe ngqo kuluntu.

Yonke yakhe ...

Isayensi inceda ukwanelisa umnqweno wendalo esizalelwe ngawo sonke: kutheni isibhakabhaka sibhakabhaka, ingwe ingayifumana njani indawo yayo, yintoni ukukhanya kwelanga? Ngosizo lwayo, sinokuphendula yonke imibuzo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa naluphi na ukuchazwa kwemilingo. Imfundo kule ndawo ngokuqinisekileyo ikhokelela kwinkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, kwaye inceda ukufunda izihloko ezibalulekileyo kunye nezixhamlayo, umzekelo, impilo, indawo kunye nezinto eziyingozi zemvelo.

Inzululwazi kwihlabathi ngokwayo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iyahlukahluka, kodwa iimpawu zayo ezibalulekileyo zilula:

1. Ijolise ingqwalasela kuphela kwihlabathi lemvelo kwaye ayijongene nezinto eziqhelekileyo.
2. Inzululwazi yindlela yokwazi umhlaba wezilwanyana. Oku akukhona nje kuphela ukuqokelela kweenkcukacha, kodwa kunye nendlela yokuqonda.
3. Iingcali zenzululwazi zisebenza ngokuhlukileyo, zisebenzisa iindlela kunye neendlela, kodwa ngokupheleleyo isayensi incike ekuhloleni iingcamango.
4. Iinyanisekileyo zenzululwazi zinokuthenjelwa, njengoko ziye zaxilongwa rhoqo kwaye ziphindwa rhoqo, kodwa ngobungqina obutsha, ezi ngcamango zingabuyekezwa.
5. Isayensi ifuthe impilo yakho yonke imihla ngeendlela ezininzi.
6. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuzonwabisa kwaye kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umntu.

Isayensi njengengqokelela yolwazi kunye neenkqubo

Esikolweni, ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ngathi isethi yezinto ezizimeleyo nezizimeleyo ezibhalwe kwincwadi yokufunda. Kodwa eqinisweni oku kuyingxenye encinci kuphela. Yintoni ebaluleke ngokufanayo, inzululwazi yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-discovery process. Ivumela ukuba sidibanise iifayili ezingafaniyo nokuqonda okuqhubekayo nokubanzi kwehlabathi lemvelo.

I nzu lulwazi. Le ndlela yesazi: yintoni kwaye ihlelwe njani kwiMveli namhlanje, njani yonke into esebenzayo kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye liza kusebenza njani kwikamva? Iingcali zenzululwazi zishukunyiswa yimvakalelo evela kwizinto abazibonayo okanye umnqweno wokufumana into ababengazange babe nayo ngaphambili.

I nzu lulwazi. Ulwazi olufunyenweyo ngoncedo lwawo lunamandla kwaye lunokwethenjelwa. Zingasetyenziselwa ukuphuhlisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha, ukuphatha izifo nokusombulula ezinye iingxaki. ISayensi ihlaziya rhoqo kwaye iqokelela ulwazi malunga nendalo. Njengomthetho, oku kubangela imibuzo emitsha ukuze uphando olongezelelweyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ngumsebenzi womntu wonke jikelele, apho, enye indlela okanye enye, abantu emhlabeni jikelele bathabatha inxaxheba.

Inxaxheba yenzululwazi kwihlabathi ayikwazi ukugxininiswa. Ngaphandle kwayo, uluntu lwangoku aluyi kuba lwanamhlanje. Kodwa asifanele siphila kwizinto eziye zaphunyezwa: sinokuningi esinokukufunda. Izigidi zenzululwazi zisebenza ngokubeka ndawonye iindawo ezahlukeneyo zepuzzles. Bazama ukufumanisa indlela indalo isebenza ngayo, ibukela kwiikhonkco zayo ezifihliweyo kunye nokutyhoboza ngoncedo lwe-microscopes kunye neetelesiko. Abantu basebenzisa zonke iintlobo zezixhobo zokukhupha iimfihlo zayo.