Isakhiwo sePalamente eLondon. IWestminster Palace (inkcazo)

Wonke umzi omkhulu kwihlabathi unesimboli esingabonakaliyo. I-Paris idume ngo-Eiffel Tower, "ikhadi lebhizinesi" laseNew York - iSitampu soKhuseleko, iMoscow iyakwaziwa yiKremlin. Kukho ubuso kwi-capital of England. Big Ben kunye nesakhiwo sasePalamente eLondon - umxholo wezinto eziphathekayo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Abasebenzi balo mbonakaliso bezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele banikezela ngamanani amanqaku. Ubude obude bee-corridors ngu-5 km, phakathi kweepansi kukho iisiteji ezingaphezu kwe-100, kwaye inani elipheleleyo lamagumbi lidlula iiyunithi ezili-1100.

Isakhiwo esidumileyo sisezindaweni eziqhenqelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuthi yiWestminster. Indlu yokuqala yobukhosi yabonakala apha ngo-1016. Kodwa emva kwe-1295 iintsapho zamakhosi zazikhulula esi sakhiwo, kwaye sidlulela emandleni epalamente.

Yonke ubuhle obwakhiwa ngeenkulungwane zazingena ngomlilo ngo-Oktobha 16, 1834. Nangona kukho umzabalazo wabasebenzi bokucima umlilo kunye nezinto, ibhotwe lalivutha. Ukuqaphela ukulingana kweentlekele, inkokeli yanikela umyalelo wokuphosa yonke imikhosi ekuhlanguleni iWestminster Hall. Ngomhla isakhiwo sepalamente eLondon saba yimida. Kodwa iholo eliyingqayizivele elinemigangatho ephakamileyo yamatye elaligcinwe ukugcinwa.

Emva kokuthatha isigqibo sokubuyisela into ebalulekileyo emlandweni, iphrojekthi kaCharles Barry yonyulwa. Isitala apho isakhiwo sakhiwe yi-neo-Gothic. Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wawusetyenwe: ukwakha inqaba ezukileyo, ehloniphekileyo nenomdla.

Iholo elikhulu kunazo zonke

Cishe yonke into evezwa namhlanje kwiindwendwe, yavuselelwa emva komlilo omkhulu. Kodwa inxalenye enkulu kakhulu yasendulo yinqaba iWestminster Hall. Ummandla walo ngu-1547 m². Eli gumbi likwazi ukugcinwa emlilweni. Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi kwaqala ngo-1097 nyaka. Kwaye kwiminyaka emibili emva koko abakhi bezakhiwo baphumelela loo nto. Wonke umntu ongena kwiholo, okokuqala, ubeka ingqalelo kwiphahla elimangalisayo. Ngesinye isihlandlo le holo yayingumxholo ozukileyo kwiYurophu. Kwakuyiminyaka emininzi emva koko wonke umntu wafunda apho isakhiwo sePalamente siseLondon.

Imisebenzi yale gumbi yayibanzi ngokwaneleyo. Nantsi iiseshoni zenkundla zaqhutywa. Kwiibhentshi zagqitywa ngokuza kwenzeka ngabantu abadumileyo ngexesha lakhe: bobabini ookumkani kunye nezopolitiko. Ukongezelela, iindwendwe zangaphandle zafunyanwa kwiholo, zigcinwe kunye kunye nemikhosi.

Umkhosi wonyaka

Umnyango wangaphambili ngumnyango weNkosi enguMongami. Kufumaneka phantsi kweVictoria Tower. Kunyaka ngamnye u-Mlawuli kunye nesigqeba sakhe siza apha ukuvula unyaka omtsha wepalamente. Emva koko uya kwesinye, iholo elinganayo. Igumbi elilandelayo linenjongo eyodwa kuphela - likhonza njengegumbi lokugqoka labaphathi-mbuso. Apha iinhloko zelizwe zatshintshile zibe ngengubo yepalamente, zibeke isithsaba somkhosi. Le ngenye yezithethe ezimbalwa ezithengiswa yiWestminster Palace eLondon.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, igumbi elincomekayo kakhulu lebhotwe yiRoyal Gallery. Ingaphakathi kunye nemihlobiso kufuneka ifanelekele ukumkani. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le ngenye yezakhiwo ezinkulu. Ubukhulu bayo buyi-33.5 x 13.7 yamitha. Iindonga zihlotshiswe ngeefrescoes. Ukususela kule holo, umgca wenyuka waya kwiCandelo eliphezulu ukuvula iseshoni. Xa umntu wegazi lobukhosi engena, abaphathi, abagwebi nabafundisi bavela kwiindawo zabo.

Amasiko asungulwe

Ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-16, ipalamente iye yahlulwa ibe ngamacandelo amabini. I- House ye-Commons ephantsi iqukethe amaqela. Ephakamileyo abalawuli kunye nabameli beefundisi. Ngaphambili, abaphathi babesebenza ecaweni. Bahlala kwiibhentshi zecawa bebhekene nomnye. Lo myalelo ugcinwa yiPalamente yaseBritani. Kwixesha leziganeko zembali, la magunya mabini "ahlala" kwigumbi elinye.

Phakathi kwe-Chambers yindawo ephakathi, ephakamileyo ephakanyisiweyo. Ukungena kwiHolo yoLuntu lwenziwa ngoluhlobo lwe-arch. Ihlotswe ngamatye, apho kukho ukuphazamiseka. Ngomnyaka we-1941, ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iNkundla engaphantsi yahlupheka kakhulu. Iiplati ezifunyenwe ezibhuqweni, zilondolozwe njengophawu lokungabikho kwamandla eBrithani. Okukufuphi iifoto zabaseburhulumenteni abathintekayo baseNgilani - uLloyd George noWinston Churchill.

Abanikazi bendlu

Kwindawo esenyakatho yiCandelo elincinane. Emva kokubuyiselwa ngowe-1950, yaba yinto enobugcisa obungaphantsi. Sekunjalo, ubuhle bayo buyamangalisa. Amaqela alawulayo kunye neenkcaso zihlala zihlangene. Phakathi kwabo kukho umzila wemeko, ophawulwe ngemigca ebomvu.

Ububanzi phakathi kwamanqaku bulingana nobude beemakrele ezimbini. Umbala apho iholo lihlotswe khona. Ubungakanani beholo li-14 x 20.7 yamitha. Kulapha ukuba wonke umntu owenza iphalamende ibuthe. I-Westminster Palace iminyaka engama-400 ibe yindawo yokuhlala yokuhlala ookumkani baseBrithani. Leli liziko lolawulo olusemthethweni kwelizwe.

Igumbi lokuhlangana leNdlu yeeNkosana licebile kakhulu kwaye likhulu. Itheyuni ephezulu ibomvu. Nantsi itrone yokumkani, apho ngexesha lokuvulwa kwepalamente inkosi ihleli. Itrone itamangalisa. Isihlalo senziwe. Ukuhlobisa inkosi yachitha iminyaka emithathu. Apha uMahokazi okhoyo ufunda amagama asemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, ababhali balo bangamagosa kunye nabaphathiswa. Intetho ibandakanya izicwangciso zepalamente ngonyaka ozayo. Kwaye emva kwalesi siko iseshoni yepalamente ithathwa njengevulekile.

Isakhiwo ngokwaso sime kwibhankini lasekhohlo lomlambo oyintloko wedolophu-i-Thames. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abaninzi abakhenketho bakhetha ukuhamba kwamanzi, ekubeni isakhiwo sepalamente eLondon sibonakaliswa ngobuhle bamagagasi. Yaye lo luhlobo olukhethekileyo.

"Ubuso" baseNgilani

Kakade, uphawu lweLondon nguBig Ben. Isetyenziswa njengekhadi lokutyelela kwaye kaninzi ibonakala kwiifilimu, kwiincwadi nakwiimakhadi zokubulisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu bayabiza le Ntsimbi yeOckck. Nangona kunjalo, eqinisweni, oku kukuthiwa igama leyona ndawo inkulu kwiintloko ezintlanu zebhotwe. Umsebenzi wakhe kukubala iiyure. "Izwi" le-chimes njalo ngemizuzu engama-60 lisasazwa yi-BBC.

Njengoko sele sele eyaziwa, phantse indlu yonke yatshiswa ngomlilo ngo-1834. Xa amagunya anquma ukubuyisela ipalamente, i-Clock Tower nayo yangena kule projekthi. Umbono omangalisayo ngumsebenzi wezakhiwo zesiNgesi uAgaspugine.

Inkqubo yenzelwe iqela labafundi. Kwaye ngo-1854, iwashi ekugqibeleni yahlanganisana. Ngomhla wokugqibela kwentwasahlobo ka-1859 ithathwa njengomhla wokuzalwa kweBig Ben. Kwakuloo nto kwakuye kwasungulwa isandla seyure. Namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukucinga isakhiwo sepalamente eLondon ngaphandle kwesi sakhiwo.

Isiseko sendlela

Ngaphansi kwewashi kukho umbhalo wesiLatini, oguqulela ngokuthi "UThixo usindise uKumkanikazi waseVictoria." Esinye isigwebo satshilwa: "Makabongwe iNkosi." Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBili, iibhomi zaseJamani zazama ukutshabalalisa isimboli seBritani engabhubhiyo. Nangona kunjalo, inqaba yakusinda.

Isiseko sensimbi sifikelela kumitha amathathu. Ukuphakama ngu-2 m. Ubungakanani bwedalingi bu-7 m. Ubude bezandla zeeyure buyi-2.7 m, kwaye isandla sesigxina si-4.2 m.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iBig Ben luhlobo lomzobo. Ngamanye macala amane anama-312 yeglasi. Yonke iminyaka emi-5, ama-washingher professional on the cables go down to the dial. Isisombululo esibalulekileyo abasula umlindo, ngelixa bezama ukulimaza iifestile ezingenazo.

Kuze kube ngoku, lo mhlaba ukhangelelwano luluhlu lwezinto ezinkulu zehlabathi zokubukela kunye neekwesibini. Ubunzima bentsimbi edumileyo buyi-14 toni.

Igama elitsha

Ukuphakama kwinqaba kufikelela kumitha ezili-96. Nangona kunjalo, i-mechanism ngokwayo iyimitha engama-55 ukusuka kwisiseko. Eentabeni unako ukunyuka usebenzisa isitepsi esincinci, equkethe amanyathelo angama-334. Bakhokelela kwindawo encinci. Nangona kunjalo, abakhenkethi abavunyelwe apho. Abanakekeli kuphela abanokunyuka "entliziyweni" yewashi. Ukuhanjelwa kakhulu okungaqhelekanga ku-press and guests to honor.

Inqaba inhle kakhulu kumnyama. Iwashi elinamacala amane likhanyiswa ngokukhanyisa. Imfazwe ye-chimes ingaviwa kakuhle nakwi-8 km. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba xa iPalamente yaseBrithani ihleli ebusuku, uBig Ben ubetha ngombala ohlukileyo.

Kwada ngoSeptemba 2012 zaziwa ngokuba yi-Clock Tower yeNdlunkulu yaseWestminster. Nangona kunjalo, izapolitiki zanquma ukubiza igama lesikhumbuzo ngokuhlonipha iminyaka engama-60 yokulawula kuka-Queen Elizabeth. Olu tshintsho lubangele imibono edibeneyo phakathi koluntu. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, akazange alahlekelwe ngumlingo omkhulu uBen Ben. Bonke abatyeleli abaye ba tyelela iLondon abakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya ngaphandle kwesithombe kunye nalo mqondiso.