Izborsk inqaba. Izborsk, Pskov esifundeni: ezikhangayo, ifoto

Inqaba yaseYizborsk, eyakhiwe ngamatye, ibonwa njengeyona ndawo ekhuselekileyo yesikhumbuzo seRussia. Iindonga zesakhiwo zichasene ezininzi iintshaba zokuba zikhona, zingalokothi zithobele abahlaseli-i-Livonian knights.

Iinqaba ezinkulu zaseRussia zasendulo, eziye zasinda kuthi, njengaleyo kwiIzborsk, zimangalisa abantu abacinga ngayo ngamandla abo. Kwiindonga zenkqantosi zakudala zifundwa ukuzimisela okukhulu ukukhusela amazwe abo. Yenza uzuze udidi olukhethekileyo lwesiRashiya. Inika intlonelo ngenjongo yokungalindelekanga kunye nomoya wokuma weRusich.

Izborsk: iimbali kunye neendlela

Indawo yokuhlala yaseRussia endala - idolophu yaseIzzabkkk - ngeli xesha libhekwa njengengingqi enkulu enxweme kunye neSpkov. Kwiindawo ezikufuphi iindawo ezidumile zaseSlovenia kunye neLorodischenskoe Lake.

Le ndawo kwintsimi yeshumi lesibhozo yayinabantu abahlala eSlavic besizwe-krivichi. Iingxowa-zithi zithi ekuqaleni idolophu yayibizwa ngokuba yiSlovenia (egameni lomsunguli). Igama langoku lendawo yokuhlala libonakala emva koko. Ukuqala kokukhankanywa kwalo kufumaneka kwii-annals.

Emva koko la mazwe anenkosana yaseTarvor, iTruvor, owayengumntakwabo omncinci weRyurik. Indlu yaseTruvorovo yasendulo yagcinwa kwintsimi ye-Izborsk yakudala. Ukuhlala kwendawo yakudala kusasazeka kwinqanawa elincinci elincinci, ukuphula ngokukhawuleza iLwandle laseGorodischensky.

Kwiinkqubo zamanzi ezixhunyaniswe nesixeko, kwiintsuku ezindala indlela yokuhweba yafakwa, ifuna ukukhuselwa. Ngenxa yokhuseleko lwayo, abantu basezidolophini bezakhele iipropati kwiibhanki zomlambo wase-Obdekh. Ngekhulu le-10, u-Izborsk waqala ukuthatha isikhundla. Ubume beziko lokuthenga izitishi liya kuhamba kwiSpkov.

Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwezempi kusekho kakhulu. Ixesha elidlulileyo lalo lidityaniswe kakhulu nelizwe laseNovgorod-Pskov. Ngekhulu le-XIV, isixeko siya kuhlaziywa ngeendonga ezinamandla. Inqaba yayingakaze iwele phantsi kwezinto ezibangelwa yi-Livonian knights.

Kuze kube namhlanje, idolophu yasendulo iye yaguqulwa yaba yilali apho izinto zikaSckov zigcinwa khona , iifoto kunye nenkcazo equlethe imithombo emininzi. Abakhenkethi banomdla kwi-fortress eyonakaliswe kakhulu, baya kwizikhewu zaseSlovenia naseTruvorovo entabeni.

Ukulungiswa kwenqaba yaseIzbekk

Kungokwemvelo ukuba isixeko esitsha sisekwe entabeni yaseGracelia. Ngexesha lokungqinga kwinqaba yaseIzzabakik akazange ahlangane nabo bonke abemi. Ukuhlaselwa kwee-Livonian knights akuzange kuphele. Imisebenzi yomyalelo we- Livonian yafukisela iimfazwe ezintsha, ukunqoba okwakuthetha enye into-ukuzimela kweendawo zaseRashiya. Ingxaki yokwakha iinqaba ezinamandla yayinzima.

I-Pskovites kunye ne-izbori kunye nelitye lomthonyama lomeleza isixeko. Inqaba, eyakhiwa ngamabhulebhu ebalwe kwixesha lamaPaleozoic, yayimboniso emangalisayo. Emva koko, ama-calestones asekuhlaleni amnyama aluhlaza kwaye angenakuqhaqhaqha, kodwa idioditized and excessively dense.

Umgca omtsha wokukhusela, kunye nesiphakamiso seTruvorov ukuhlala kwindawo enqabileyo, kwakhiwe ngenxa yezizathu ezixhamlayo-kwindawo ephakamileyo. Kwimimandla esenyakatho, esezantsi kunye nempuma ye nqaba yasendulo yayingenakunakwenzeka ngenxa yokuba iindawo zentlambo zemvelo zakha i-dolomite slabs, kunye nomlambo omkhulu. Ukusuka kwikapa ephakamileyo, ukunqumla kummandla wonxweme waseSmolka kunye nokuxhoma phezu kweIzbor engapheliyo, iimbono eziphambili zeepanoramic zivuliwe.

Ngaphambi kokuphakanyiswa kweengcipheko kwinqaba, babonakalisa ukuma kwabo. Iindonga zenkqantosi zazikhula ngasemaphethelweni entaba yeentaba, ngasentla kwendawo. Isiseko semvelo samatye anamandla avunyelwe ukwakha izindonga eziphakamileyo. Ukuqiniswa kweConvex ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukukhululeka kwendawo, ukukhusela indawo yesayizi esiphezulu. Iinqaba eziqhotyoshelweyo, umfanekiso ophazamisa ubuhle bayo, abahlali kuphela ngabantu basePosad, kodwa nabemi beenxa zonke.

Ukuguqulwa kokuqiniswa

Ephakathi kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe, ukukhusela kwakuyindawo ekhangayo. Inqwelomoya yesigxina kunye nomjikelezo wonke yayingqonge iindonga ezinkulu zamatye. Kwixesha le-XV leminyaka isakhiwo siphumelele ngokutsha. I-Perestroika ibangelwa yimibutho engazange ibe khona kude kube ngoko, ithathelwe indawo ngamacandelo e-sieges kunye nezenzo zokuzikhusela.

Okokuqala, iindonga zaguqulwa, apho kwakhiwa khona izixhobo zempi. Emva koko bomeleza ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinguqu azizange zenze utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwindlela yokuqala eyabonakala ngayo isakhiwo.

I-colossus engonakaliyo yinqaba. Iifoto zakhe zinikezelwa kwinqaku lethu. Ukusuka kwindawo apho iTruvorovo kuhlala khona, i-postpost yayibonakala ikhulile edwaleni elikhulu, ibe yinto eqhubekekayo yokuqhubeka kwayo.

Iimbali zibonisa ukubaluleka okukhulu kwesi sakhiwo sokukhusela. Bachaza isiqendu esicacileyo. Abefundisi benza isondlo "eludongeni". Emva kweendonga kunye namasango, babhiyozela imithandazo. Ngoko abavumayo bawungcwalisa umzi, inqaba, ukugcina umhlaba weRashiya kwiintshaba.

Inkcazo yenqaba

Inqaba yaseJizborsk ephakamileyo, eyakhelwe phezulu kwintaba yaseGiravia, ibonakala njengontantathu, iingqungquthela zayo ezijikeleziweyo. Ingenakuqhaqeka, yenza iindawo ezinamaqabunga amancinci kunye nemigxobhozo. Iindonga ze-calcandious ze-calcareous zide kumgama we-623 m, ubude buguquguqukayo kwi-7-10 m, no-4 m ubukhulu.

Esi siqalo sasiyimpumelelo esingafuni ukulungiswa kwakhona. Kwenzelwe kuphela utshintsho olutsha, ukuvumela ukuqaliswa kwezinto zobugcisa nezomkhosi ezibonakala kule nkulungwane okanye kule nkulungwane. Inqaba, ngoku ingena kwizinto ezibonakalayo zePoskov, iifoto kunye neenkcazo zazo ezifikeleleke kakhulu, zaphuhliswa kwaye zatshintshwa njengoko idolophu yakudala ikhula.

Zakhiwo zenkqantosi

Kwinqaba ifumana ikorridi eyongeziweyo yeNikolsky Zahab, ehlonywe ngodonga olusezantsi. Into yokuqala ebonakalayo phambi kweendwendwe iTempeli laseNikola, isithsaba sesidonga sesilivere. Kwixesha la mandulo, abahlali babhekiselwe kwindawo yokuhlala "iSixeko saseSt. Nicholas", kwaye i-cathedral yayithiwa "indlu yakhe". Oku kunika itempile kaNikolsky into ebalulekileyo.

Ukongezelela kuyo, kukho ezinye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo, inqaba yaseIzbekk. Imephu ibonisa ngokucacileyo indawo yabo nganye.

Inqaba yaseLukovka

I-Kukovka (kwaye eli gama liLukovka) yinqaba engummangaliso. Le yile ndawo yodwa yesikhokelo, ehlanganiswe ngaphakathi kocingo oluqiniweyo. Inqaba iye yagcinwa ukususela kumaxesha apho i-Izborsk inkqantosi yayiyi-postpost.

Kamva kamva kuba ngokoqobo "yinqaba kwinqaba". Wanikezwa indima yesiphephelo sokugcina, ukuba intshaba ithatha isakhiwo esiphezulu. Ngaphantsi kweLukovka i-archway yadalwa, eyake yasebenza njenge-arsenal - indlu yokugcina i-powder.

Ukongezelela, wabelwa umsebenzi wesayithi ye-sentinel. Umphezulu we-Kukovka uxhotywe ngeplati yokujonga, apho iipaloramu zemifanekiso yeendawo ezikufuphi ezivulekileyo. ULukovka, emva kokuhlaziywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwalahleka ukubonakala kwangaphakathi kwangaphambili, kwadalwa kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kodwa iipanorama zahlala zifana ngokufanayo.

Inqaba yaseTallah

Inqaba yaseTálava iyisakhiwo somxholongwane, kufuphi ne-Zahab ebizwa ngokuba yi-Zahab, eyaziwayo kwixesha elidala eliphethe igama elibi, "umzila wokufa." Ukungena nokuphuma kwendima kuvaliwe isango. Intshaba, eyinqobe ngamasango angaphandle, yawela emxineni omncinci, apho yafunyanwa kukulwa.

Towers Ryabinovka kunye neTemushka

I-Ryabinovka isakhiwo esixhasayo se-hexagonal sohlobo olwesabisayo. Ubumnyama bufana noRyabinovka. Zombini iinqaba zathatha utshaba oluphambili, lusetyenziswa ukusuka entshona. Ngaloo ndlela, ukusuka apha, njengoko kubonakala kukutshaba, ukusuka kwicala elifikeleleke kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuhlasela inqaba enkulu.

I Bell Bell

Ukulungiswa kwendabuko , ukusukela kwixesha lokuqala lokuqhuma, limele iBell Tower. Isakhiwo sasixhotywe nge-alarm bell ekwaziswa ngokufika "kweendwendwe ezingavunywanga" - imikhosi yabamkeli. Ukukhwaza okukhulu, okukhishwe yintsimbi, kwafika i-Pskov.

Tower

Yaye ke, i-Izborsk iqonga lixhotywe ngombhobho omkhulu. Inqaba iyiposenti yokujonga. Isithsaba sakhe sasiye sathweswa isithsaba, esenziwe ngamatye kwaye sineentsimbi ezimbini. Ngokwenene vprithirku kunye nenqaba yamatye abekwe umnqamlezo - umgqugquzeli wamajoni e-outpost kunye nosongelo kwiintshaba.

Zahabs

Iiborridi ezilukhuni-iindinyana-i-Nikolsky neTalavsky-ziyimingcipheko ebalulekileyo ekungeneni kwemikhosi yeentshaba ngamasango angaphandle kwinqaba. Ukongeza, badlala indima yengozi eyingozi. Ukuvalela intshaba kwisithuba esincinci, esingazange siphume kuyo, baholele ekufeni okungenakukupheka kwabahlaseli.

Zakhiwo ze tempile

Kwi-kyot ye-Korsunskaya Chapel, yayibhalwe kwisiXhosa saseSalavonic igama lomakhi wezakhiwo, umakhi kunye nomculi A. I.Vladovkago. Kwaye kweso sakhiwo sokutshiswa kwetempile likaSergiy Radonezhsky itempile yeSergiy noNikandra yakha kwakhona. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba le nhlangano entsha yakhishwa kwinqaba.

Iindawo ezithandayo kwi-Trouva

Indawo yokuhlala yasendulo ibizwa ngokuba yiNkosana iTruvor, ilawula iIzbitsk. Isakhiwo sokuqala sokuzivikela, esijikelezwe yimigulane, eyayeka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zexesha lemfazwe, yathunyelwa kwidwala elingummelwane-iGerau. Endaweni yendawo yamandulo, indawo yamathuna yamandulo igcinwe.

Amangcwaba eTruvorovo

Ekupheleni kwe-necropolis yamandulo yasemaphandleni kukho umnqamlezo omkhulu, owakhelwe ngamatye. Kwiphepha laso kukho iileta ezibhalwe phantsi, ezichithwa ngokupheleleyo phantsi kwefuthe lexesha. Inqaba ye-Izborsk iyamangalisa, imbali yayo yahlanganiswa neengcinga ezingenasiseko. Ngokukodwa, kukho iingcamango ezimbini malunga nomnqamlezo onelungelo lokuba khona.

Omnye ubonisa ukuba umnqamlezo ngummiselo wendawo yangaphambili, indawo yokuqala eyabeka isiseko sokukhusela uRus. Ngokomnye umxholo, umnqamlezo ufakwe kwingcwaba yePrince Truvor, umzimba wayo uncitshiswa ukuze uphucule ubunzulu obungaphezu kweemitha ezimbini.

Ngelinye igama, i-footestal stone pedestal ngumgcini weemfihlelo zenkqantosi, iingcambu zaso zenziwe kwixesha elidlulileyo. Emva kwesikhumbuzo, iiplani zamandulo, zihlanganiswe ngeempawu zejometri ezingaqondakaliyo. Kukho isiphakamiso sokuba amathuna omkhosi afihliwe phantsi kweBhabhiloni.

Itempile kwintaba yaseTroodorovo

Ephantse kumangcwaba yintaba, phezulu yayo inqwelwe yicawa yaseSt. Nicholas uMmangaliso. Ukubukeka kweendonga zalo zamhlophe, ezixutywe ngamanqabhoko amnyama, kuyavalo, ngakumbi ngokuhlwa. Ekuqaleni, le ndawo yayiyonto yokhuni, eyathathwa indawo yecawa yecawa. Ilitye elikhulu liyakhiwa amanyathelo ambalwa avela kwingcwele - isimboli seTruce kunye namaEstonia.

UMlambo woBomi

Kwintlambo yentaba, kwindawo apho umda weqonga laseTruvorov udibanisa khona inyawo lentaba yaseGiravia, ukusuka kwintlambo eyenziwe ngamatye amancinci, ibetha amawaka amaninzi ezitshixo zaseSlovenia. Bona, ukudibanisana nomnye, baqulunqa umlambo onobubele, othiwa nguMlambo woBomi.

Amanzi e-crystal yomlambo ashesha ngokukhawuleza kwiLwandle laseGorodischensky. Amanzi ezitshixo ngokubhaliweyo kuthiwa yenziwa ngamathuba amangalisayo, ukufumana amandla angcwele okuphilisa. Iitshixo zenziwe ngamagoti alishumi elinambini, anikezwa ngamagama eenyanga.