I-World Trade Center 1 (Tower of Freedom): inkcazelo, imbali

1946. I-China ilindele imfazwe entsha. IJapan ayinakukwazi ukuhlaselwa kwi-atomic attack. IYurophu idliwe ngamanxuwa. Na se US? E-America yonke into ilungile: idola iyabonwa njengemali yelizwe lonke, ukudalwa kwe-UN kunye ne-International Bank iyaqhubeka, kwaye kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezintsha. I-United States ilindele ukuba kungekudala iza kuba namandla amakhulu kwaye "izityhilo" ihlabathi lonke phantsi kwazo.

Ngaloo nyaka, abanamandla beli hlabathi, oko kukukhokelwa kweNew York, bacebisa ukwakha i-World Trade Centre eMzantsi Manhattan 1. Batsho ukuba amazwe omva emva kwemfazwe aya kuqala ukuqhuba urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa oku kunokuthintela yimfazwe ebandayo: amaRashiya anomkhosi onamandla kunabo bonke kwihlabathi bafumana ibhomu ye-athomu, bajonga i-Europe kwaye baqinisa ubudlelwane obuhle kunye ne-Asia: banceda amaKorea ukuqeda imfazwe kwaye adibanise unaphakade ubudlelwane bawo neChina. Emva koko amaMerika kufuneka ahlehlise ukwakhiwa kweWTC kwixesha elingenammiselo.

Imbali yeenqaba ezimbini

Umakhi oyintloko we-World Trade Centre wabonakala enomdla wokuthi ngolunye usuku ukwakhiwa kwakhe okuza kudlala indima eyingozi kwi-United States. UMinoru Yamasaki wabhala ukuba ukuba kwakunokwenzeka, "ndiza kuzixazulula iingxaki zokubumba eziphambi kwam, ukuzakhela izindlu zendlu eyodwa."

Konke kwaqala ngeqhinga lomlawuli we-New York Port Authority, u-Agasti Tobin, owathi ngonyaka we-46 wekhulu lokugqibela waphakamisa isiphakamiso sokwakha i-World Trade Centre. Ngokuthethelekileyo, wayefuna ukudala into eya kuzisa inzuzo enkulu.

Amagunya omthetho agunyazisa ukunyuswa kwezakhiwo ezingama-21 kumabhanki eMlambo i-East-leli lizwe le-Ofisi. Le projekthi iphuhliswa, kwaye xa sele isele ikulungele (ngowe-1949), ixwebhu loqinisekiso liye laxothwa.

Phakathi ne-1950s, iprojekthi eyenziwe nguDavid Rockefeller. Injongo yakhe kuphela eyahlukileyo - ukubuyisela ukutsaliswa kwendawo ephantsi yesixeko saseNew York (Manhattan). Ngowe-1958 baqala ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokwandisa imisebenzi yezoshishino, kwaye ngo-1960 baqalisa ukuvavanya iprojekthi ye-World Trade Centre. Ngokwaloo nto, ubunzima bekufuneka bubekwe kumahektare angama-53 omhlaba we-Port Authority, kwaye kwakukho neyure yokubonisa imitha engama-300 ejikelezwe ngamahotele nama-ofisi angama-50 kunye nama-storey. Ukuzonwabisa kwakunikeziwe, njengemidlalo yaseshashalazini, iivenkile kunye neevenkile. Kodwa ngoSeptemba ngo-1962 umqeshi oyintloko (uMnoru Yamasaki) wamiselwa, owayesebenza kwiprojekthi yokugqibela, kwaye ngo-1965 waqala ukwakha.

UYamasaki wenza uhlengahlengiso lwakhe: akazange acatshiswe ngokungathandabuzeki ukuba kwakhiwe iqela lezakhiwo kwaye kucetyiswa ukuba ayeke ukhetho lwakhe kwiimbhozo ezimbini zeendonga eziphakamileyo ezingama-80. Kule ndlela kulandelwe ukuba kufuneka uguqule ngokupheleleyo iphrojekthi. Nangona kunjalo, yonke into yenzeke ngokukhawuleza kakhulu: ekupheleni kowe-1970 inxalenye ephambili yesakhiwo sokuthwala yayibanjwe ngomoya oyingqumbo, kwaye ngowe-1973 izakhiwo zaqala ukusebenza.

Iziganeko zikaSeptemba 11, 2001

Kwimi-phantse engama-30, amawele e-World Trade Center ayenamathegethi aphezulu kwihlabathi. Intlekele yokuqala yenzeke ngoFebruwari 26, 1993. Ngaloo mini, kumgangatho wesibini weNyakatho yoMnatha, apho ukupaka komhlaba ngaphantsi, kwakuqhutshelwa iloli eqhutywe khona ibhomu. U-Omar Abdel-Rahman (inkokheli yama-Islamist kunye nomququzeleli wesenzo segebengu) kulindeleke ukuba le nqaba iya kuqala ukunyuka kwaye ifuthe kwesibini, oko kukuthi, ukutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo kwezakhiwo. Kodwa wayengazi kakuhle - umsebenzi wezakhono wezakhono wema. Amaxhoba okuwa phantsi ayenabantu abathandathu, benzakele malunga ne-1000, isakhiwo saphela ngokupheleleyo.

Imizuzu eyi-102 - eyona yimbi kakhulu ngo-2001. Iiyure ezili-1 kunye neyure, kunye neZiko loRhwebo loHlabathi 1 laphela. Nge-8: 46 ekuseni iindiza ezigubungela kwibhodi zanyusa inqaba yokuqala, kwaye ngo-10: 28 enye ibhokisi elithi "Boeing" - okwesibini, kwaye le mizuzwana eyingozi yafakwa kwividiyo. Ukuhlaselwa kobutyhuna kubaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu. Amaxhoba akhe ayenabantu abangaba-3 000, abanye abangama-24 belahlekile.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo

NgoNovemba 21, ngo-2006 bekuyimini apho saqalisa isigaba sokuqala sokwakha i-WTC yanamhlanje 1. Le projekthi yathatha ixesha elininzi kunye nemali - malunga ne-4 billion yeebhiliyoni kunye neminyaka eyisi-7 (njengowandulela phambili, yachithwa ngoSeptemba 11, 2001). Ukuphakama kwinqaba i-541 m (kunye nefuthe, ubunzima bayo bungaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-700). Namhlanje, olu lwakhiwo lwezakhiwo luseyona ndawo ephezulu eNew York, e-US nakwi-Western Hemisphere.

Kwizo ndawo apho iindonga zineenwele eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuba zibe khona, izikhumbuzo ezimbini zifakwe kwiifom zenziwe ngegranite kunye ne-perimeter ehlanganiswe ngamacwecwe obhedu obhalwe ngegama lalabafileyo. Zifumane ngqo apho isiseko sezakhiwo sasibekwa khona. Kwaye i-WTC 1 ngokwayo ikhona kwikhoneni elingasentshona lesayithi. Kuvela ukuba izakhiwo ezintsha zibonakala zijikeleze uMhlaba weZero (isikhumbuzo sememori).

Iimpawu zesakhiwo samanje

I-World Trade Center 1, okanye iNqaba yeNkululeko, yindawo yokuthengisa kunye neofisi. Isakhiwo sijonge kakhulu njengabaqalayo. Yona isakhiwo esivumbileyo esivumeleneyo esinomlilo omkhulu phezulu. I-glazed out, kwaye ngaphakathi kwinqanaba eliphambili kukho iholo elikhulu. Ukuphakama kwegumbi kungama-24 m, kwaye ukufikelela kumaofisi, iivenkile, amaziko eenkcukacha kunye neeholo zemibukiso zinikezelwa.

Icandelo elingaphantsi komhlaba lixhotyiswe ngamabhodlela axhunyiwe kumzila wesitimela kunye nomzi ongaphantsi komzi. Eyona nto iphezulu, yeyona, iindawo zokutyela ezivula indawo ekhangayo. Kwakhona kumazinga aphezulu kukho amaqonga okujonga. Inxalenye engezantsi yeNkululeko Tower ibhekene neklasi ye-prismatic shape, kunye neyona ephezulu-nge-blue.

Ezinye izinto ezithakazelisayo

• Uninzi lwabiwo-mali lujoliswe ekunikeni ukhuseleko xa kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula.
• Ngomnyaka ka-1776, ukuvakaliswa kokuzimela kwe- US kwamkelwa. Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo ku-1,776 inyawo, kwaye akukho ngozi.
• Iiplastiki ezikhethiweyo njengento yokubambisa ixabiso lokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza ngo-20%, kuba kubonga kubo izikhala zangaphakathi zizaliswa yimini.
• Isikhumbuzo kubantu abafa kwaye balahleka xa ama-skyscrapers aseManhattan aphelile, ngokweengqungquthela ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezona zivakatyeke kakhulu, kodwa iphrojekthi yagxeka ngenxa yeendleko zayo ezinkulu kunye nokungabikho kwe-aesthetics.

Yintoni ekufuneka abavakatye bazi?

Nayiphi na ityelelo eNew York iquka ukutyelela kwiZiko loRhwebo lweWorld 1. Unako ukufikelela kuyo ngokwakho. Umrhumo wokungena kwidokethi yokujonga i-$ 30. Njengamanye amazwe nakwizixeko ezininzi, ungathenga iPhulo laseNew York kwaye uhambele zonke iindawo ezifunwayo (kuquka iWTC 1) mahhala.

Iindawo zokuqwalasela kwiNqaba yeNkululeko (eNew York, eManhattan) zingama-100, 101 nama-102 amanqanaba. Ukuphakamisa ukuphakama kwee-speed-elevators, kwiindonga zazo ezibonisiweyo, ezibonisa izigaba zokuphuhliswa kwesi sixeko njengoko "zikhula."

Ukuqwalasela ubunzima obunzima obule ndawo kule minyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo, abantu abaninzi bayesaba ukutyelela i-WTC 1. Xa isakhiwo sasiqalisiwe ukusebenza, abanini abanomdla balinde abalimi belo ndawo-bambalwa kakhulu abantu babefuna ukubeka ingozi. Kodwa, njengoko kwaziwa, i-projectile ayifuni kwi-funnel efanayo kabini, kwaye ndifuna ukuthemba ukuba oku kuya kuba njalo.

I-World Trade Centre 1 - impendulo yokhuselo

I-WTC 1 ayiyona into enhle yokwakha i-platform ye-panoramic observation. Yimpendulo efanelekileyo kwihlabathi lobutshaba, kunye nendawo apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuhlonipha abantu abafileyo. Isakhiwo samanje saseNew York sinye yezona zikhokelo eziphambili ezivakatyelele ukuba abahlali kunye nabakhenkethi batyelele.