Musketeers of abalindi njengoKumkani Cardinal

Ngenxa asemini ubundlobongela ka-Alexander Dumas ihlabathi liphela uyazi kunye neenoveli, eshukumayo ezininzi ngexesha uLouis XIII ekho musketeers asebukhosini abalindi Cardinal Richelieu. Kwaye ngubani ngoku ukukhunjulwa ngekhulu nostalgia XVII, kwakunye ukuthenga amanani intshukumo wokumkani iincam, kunye ngamagqwetha awo, ukuba akunjalo Dumas? Baye ke, eneneni, owaziwa kakhulu mbali. Thina yanelani kuphela imifanekiso. It uyasilinda Cardinal. Ifoto ibonisa zokudlala mihla.

cardinal Richelieu

Enyanisweni, waba wesinye kukumkani. Kodwa amaphepha inoveli, yena izenzo umphathi onamandla ofihlakeleyo France. abalindi A iimpawu ngayo - nangona abantu nesibindi, kodwa ndiphantsi abangenazo ayeke ukuphumeza iinjongo ngayo nayiphi na indlela. Licace ngaphezu zonke ezalekwe kwinoveli kwemoto ngokupheleleyo umguvela, Count de Rochefort, ngubani ofuna ukutshayela anobukroti D'Artagnan kunye nabahlobo bakhe. Rochefort - kwengalo yasekunene ka Cardinal Richelieu. Yintoni Armand Zhan Dyu Plessis, Duc de Richelieu, ngokwenene?

Lo wezopolitiko waba ngomnye woonyana encinci usapho kunye nelifa yakhe nemithetho yobuzibulo akakwazanga ukufumana. Yaye kukho umntu onengqondo eyayifuna ukuya kukhwela ileli loluntu? Indlela elula ukuba ube indela. Ngoko ke. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ingqondo yakhe Richelieu bafudukela ngokukhawuleza. Xa waba ubuveleli, ngoko ke wawurhola ingqalelo yokumkani, kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini abaselula ukususela Bishop wandivelisa izakhono noonozakuzaku ngobuchule ajika phakathi alwayo zenkundla qhalo wasivuna izinto zebandla. Wenziwa confessor ngukumkanikazi uselula, yaye emva koko njengoNobhala Foreign Affairs and Policy Defense. Akukho abavikeli ngaloo minyaka, Richelieu akazange ilifa. Emva kokuba ihlazo kunye amakhonkco Mother Queen e Blois ubhishophu oselula waseka ubudlelwane phakathi ukumkani kunye dowager ukumkanikazi. Xa nesiphakamiso kwalo Louis XIII kukhuthazwa ukuba kwisikhundla sokuba khadinali. Ngoko ke kwiminyaka 37 waba iimpawu Richelieu kwaye uzibekele iinjongo 4: phula ngokupheleleyo Huguenot, ukutshabalalisa inkcaso ukuya begazi, ukuba abantu bathobele nokuphakamisa igunya uKumkani waseFransi kwiqonga lamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokukhula yempembelelo Cardinal liye landa inani iintshaba ezizama ngayo ubomi bakhe. Ukumkani, bakhathazekile ngale nto, waza wayalela abalindi bakhe lokuhlela.

Guard Cardinal Richelieu

Ngowe-1629, emva kokuba umzalwana wakhe wabulawa Kungquzulwano Cardinal, uLouis XIII nabalindi bakhe uthumela umncedisi bakhe abathembekileyo abatoli amahlanu zikhwele emahasheni ne arquebus. Ezi Richelieu wongezelela omnye amashumi amathathu. Ngoko ke kwabonakala abalindi bokuqala iincam. ukuma kwabo ingubo ebomvu (cardinal elinombala), nto leyo athungwe izabelo ezine. Isenokuba yeTLD_COUNTRY ngemeyikhaphu okanye bafake evulekileyo. Nantsi ngokutsha yakutshanje nesinxibo ezenziwe eFransi.

Phezu kwesifuba nangasemva uye athungwe umnqamlezo emhlophe, olu sapho lwaluquka imivalo alinganayo. Intloko legqunyiwe umnqwazi obanzi kunye iingceba ezimhlophe iintsiba. Ezinyaweni zakhe iibhutsi. Kwakubonakala ngathi abalindi Cardinal Richelieu, abo bahamba naye kuyo yonke indawo. Bathi kuwo lonke ixesha. Onke amabhotwe ye Cardinal yaba igumbi ukuba inkokeli yabo - induna.

ukukhula unit

Emva kweminyaka emihlanu, inani yokhuseleko kane. abantu abalikhulu elinamashumi mabini kwakukho amahashe ukukhanya, abantu ezilikhulu - enzima, nomnye ikhulu behamba. Ngo-1642, ukongeza amanqaku ezilikhulu guards. jikelele kwabo bantu-420, nto leyo phantse kathathu ngaphezu kwinkampani wokumkani, olu sapho lwaluquka ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu musketeers. Ukuze ukuya epatini, apho kwakukho abalindi Cardinal, akuzange kube lula. Oku kwakufuna ingcebiso yeziko umntu ezazi Richelieu yaye ukuzinikela ulalelwe-sicelo. Kwakhona, oko bekufanele ukuba, umntu onamava oqolileyo hayi ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini anesihlanu eminyaka, ababekhonza emkhosini iminyaka emi-3. Ngokuqhelekileyo squad agcwaliswa abemi UBrittany. Le ndawo yaba Isaci: ". Wokufa ngaphezu ihlazo" abalindi Cardinal ekuqaleni bakhulela amadoda imbeko kunye nesibindi. Bona ebengayibhekiselelanga kuphela ukhuseleko lobuqu ngoFefe lwakhe, kodwa nje amagosa aselwandle elizayo, njengoko umphathiswa enamandla kulo lonke azama ukwenza okulungileyo yaseFransi.

guards intlawulo

rhoqo Duke imali yabo ukhuselo imivuzo ephezulu, oluthe lwagqitha intlawulo Musketeers kaKumkani. Uye wavelisa izixhobo zakhe nemali kunye nabalindi zabo. Oku, kunye namahashe waba izibalo eninzi.

Isimo ku zamehlo

Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini French ookumkani ngenkulungwane XVI aze ke akhuphe imimiselo lokuvala zamehlo. Baye ulwaphulo karhulumente, njengoko nabanumzana akhaliphileyo kwafuneka ukuba bamelane ne-Huguenot ukuze kulungelwe isizwe kunye akonakalisi komunye nayinto encinane.

Ngoko ke, lo yobuninzi imilo, nto leyo yathetha ukuba musketeers kaKumkani nabalindi Cardinal kunye Dumas ichazwa trilogy yakhe edumileyo - akunakwenzeka. Yeyona isiqhamo ngqondweni yakhe ecacileyo. abalindi Cardinal, ezama ukuba ningethi indawo labo elinengeniso kwaye lenze umsebenzi of amaKatolika okwenyaniso, phantse ngokuqinisekileyo ayeziphepha imilo ngamampunge. Bretantsy apho bagaywa abalindi, baba amadoda emantla nengqele, ngokuzenza bhetele.

Iintshaba "Red Duke"

ebukhosini okhanyayo kwinkundla ze wayewacingele ukuwatshabalalisa ngqongqo kwaye ngqwabalala Richelieu, leyo uphindelela gqolo abathintela inkululeko yayo, kukudala neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo. Umbuzo owayelwela kunye abalindi Cardinal, lubonisa impendulo - abavukeli iNkosana Montmorency, owathi kamva wazama waza wabulawa.

Le ukulwa amaProtestanti

Intshatsheli othembekileyo lobuKatolika, ngoxa abanye wayengakwazi ukuba, Cardinal Richelieu Alwa engaguquki ejolise ekulweni i-Huguenot kwaye amaProtestanti kweli lizwe eNgilani, yazeka ilifa ilizwekazi inqaba iLa Rochelle. The British ngo 1627 wahlasela kunxweme French ukusuka elwandle. Ngo-1628 waqalisa singqingiwe njalo ke inqaba. Kwaba akuzi kuphela imikhosi rhoqo kodwa iiyunithi ze musketeers kunye nabalindi. amabutho amaProtestanti - utshaba efungelweyo loonogada iincam ngayo. Empini ukholo lokwenyaniso unina engcwele yamaKatolika iCawa bekusoloko ekujoliswe ethile. Kwaye e La Rochelle sele zikhankanyiwe kwaye IsiNgesi ubanga ezweni isiFrentshi. Kakade ke, ukumkani okanye umlungiseleli wakhe enamandla ayikwazanga ukuvumela ubukumkani buthathaka, unikeza efungelweyo iintshaba ukususela ngexesha kaHameha Iminyaka War, amaProtestanti kunye nabawexuki IsiNgesi.

Olunye ulwazi malunga Musketeers kakumkani

I ukhuseleko lobuqu yokuqala, leyo, ngokuzenzekelayo, akazange ukumnceda, waza wabulawa ngemela kwi impahla yakhe izihlandlo ezithathu esifubeni, waqalisa Henry IV. inkampani yakhe ekugqibeleni Carabinieri iye rearmed kwaye muskets. Yaba isixhobo nzima, kunzima kakhulu, kwaye ukuyisebenzisa kuyo, kufuneka nakanjani a sasebukhosini. Ngu igama kwezixhobo zabo yabizwa ngokuba Musketeers.

Ingqwayi lokuqala uqobo Gascon, countryman uHenry IV, Count de Truavil, owathi kamva ngokuba yena Treville. Ngokuqhelekileyo, yena amanqaku kwi inkonzo yokumkani bakubo ukusuka Gascony kunye Bearn.

Imilo ye Musketeers waba umbala ingubo iingalo wendlu yokumkani. Ingubo waye Azure ngeenyibiba ngegolide, kunye iminqamlezo of velvet emhlophe.

Ihashe kwakufuneka ngokuyimfuneko hina. Ngaphandle kuye musket kwakufuneka ngokuyimfuneko ukuze ukunxiba iimbumbulu okusawula, neeflaski umgubo, bullet yakutya, ikrele elungileyo, pistols kunye ikrele. Zonke kodwa musket, musketeer kwafuneka ukuba yena. Kwaye kukho ke nyana becala omnci intsapho amanene. Baba ezithathwe, nangona, kodwa kakhulu. Hlanganisa ezi zixhobo, njengoko siyazi ukusuka inoveli "The Musketeers ezintathu", kwaba nzima kakhulu. Imivuzo zahlawulwa kuphekwe okudodobalisa.

umsebenzi wabo ukuze ampheleke ukumkani ehamba kumaphulo yokulwa. Service yokuthimba hayi endaweni Louvre, kwaye esitratweni.

Xa D'Artagnan yaba umphathi, inani musketeers landa phantse ngesiqingatha. Bala d'Artagnan - ubuntu yimbali.

E Paris, ilitye lesikhumbuzo kuye. Musketeers xa wahlala enqabeni yomkhosi kwi Faubourg Saint-Germain.

Eli qela khona, ukutshintsha, ukususela 1660 ukuya 1818.

Ngoko ke, kulandela le datha kufuneka kubonelelwa ukhuselo uKumkani ngoFefe lwakhe iNkosana Richelieu.