Irhafu emithonjeni yabantu baseRashiya

Abemi abaninzi abanomdla baqonda iindaba ukuba irhafu kwiimithombo zasehlotyeni ziza kubonakala kungekudala. Urhulumente uxhalabele kakhulu ngephakamiso-mali. Kwixesha elizayo - ukuphakamisa umhlalaphantsi wokuhlala, ukukhula kwerhafu yengeniso yonyango nge-1-2%, kuya kuqhuba kwakhona imisebenzi echithwe ngaphambili. Abapolitiki abaninzi kakhulu "bafuna ukunyanzelisa abangasebenzi ukuba bahlawule iipolyclinics zikamasipala, izikolo, izibhedlele.

Kule meko, irhafu yerhafu ibonakala ingenakuqhathaniswa nento esinokuyilindela. Kodwa malunga nento yonke.

Imirhumo emithonjeni eRashiya

Masibuyele kumthetho. Umthetho waseburhulumenteni "Kwi-Subsoil", kunye neKhowudi yeRhafu yeRussian Federation ivumela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nemithombo yokusetyenziswa kwamanye kwiindawo zomntu nakwiimplabathi. Kodwa kuphela ngenjongo yokuthambisa nokutyilisa izilwanyana. I-Paradox, kodwa iimfuno zomntu ngokwakhe ekusebenziseni amanzi ukusuka kwikhowudi yentlawulo yentlawulo ayifaki. Kodwa asiyi kubambelela kuyo. Njengoko bethetha, "into engavunyelwe, iyavunyelwa."

Ngaphantsi kweemeko iindawo ezingenazo iintlawulo

Okwangoku, akukho ntlawulo kwiimithombo phantsi kweemeko ezilandelayo:

• Ukutya kwamanzi kufumaneka kumyezo okanye kwilizwe.
• Ukusetyenziswa kuhamba kuphela ukuthambisa nokutyiliswa kwezilwanyana (apha, kunokwenzeka, kucingelwa kwaye kusetyenziso lomntu siqu).
• Ucingo uthathwa kuphela kummandla wokuqala wamanzi (njengomgaqo, ufike kwi-30-40 yamitha, kuxhomekeke kububanzi bomlingo).
• Ubonelelo obuphambili lwabemi luqhutyelwa ngokusuka kobunzulu obuhlukeneyo.
• Akukho nto yoshishino.

Ngako oko, i-cottage dweller ayiqhelekanga irhafu kwiqula elisetyenziselwa ukutyisa iikomkom kunye neetatayi. Kukho na kunjalo. Mhlawumbi iinyanga ezimbalwa ziya kudlula, kwaye yonke ingcaciso malunga nale nto iya kuphelelwa yisikhathi, kwaye bonke oogogo abahambisa amanzi kumyezo wabo baya kubophelelwa ukuhlawula umsebenzi welizwe.

Sifumana imvume yokuphucula

Ngoko ke, ukuba uvumelekile ukusebenzisa amanzi ukusuka emthonjeni wokunisela izilwanyana, unokuzikhusela kwiintlawulo zexesha elizayo kunye nezigwebo ezivela kumagunya. Ngubani owaziyo into ayenayo engqondweni kusasa. Ukungabi nemali kuya kuyanzela ukubhala iintlawulo kwiibhajethi zasemaphandleni zendawo. Ngokufanayo, imali kufuneka ifunyenwe khona kwinqanaba lamalungu omthetho, ukuba bazisa irhafu kwiqula laluphi na ubunzulu.

Into yokuqala yokuyenza kukufumana ukuba kukho ukuqala kokuqala kwisiza sakho esisebenza njengomthombo wamanzi ophakathi. Inokwenzeka ukuba, akunakwenzeka, ekubeni amanzi avela kulo bunzulu aphikisana (mhlawumbi ke, akukho nto ichazwe ngokusetyenziswa komntu kwiKhowudi yeRhafu).

Iimviwo zokupapashwa kwi-Territorial Fund ye-Geological Information

Kule njongo, kuyimfuneko ukufaka isicelo kwingxowa-mali yengcaciso ye-geological okanye elinye igunya eliyifake esikhundleni.

Kule nto ufuna:

• Gcwalisa ifom yesicelo.
• Ukuhlawula umsebenzi (ubukhulu bungcono ukucacisa kwindawo).
• Namathisela kwisicelo semephu yesilinganiso 1:10 000, apho isayithi ichongiwe khona.

Emva kokufumana "imvume", nokuba "ingavunyelwe", i-arhente karhulumente (ngokuqhelekileyo ubuchule beRossprirodnadzor) abayi kuba nesibindi.

Ukuba ukubola bekuhambelana nomthetho (uMthetho we-Federal "Kwi-Subsoil"), ke akukho mntu unelungelo lokufuna ukuyila umthombo. Amagunya angaqalisa ukuhlolwa kokuthotyelwa. Kodwa sele siphephe umthombo wobunini bamanzi, kwaye ubunzulu bomthombo bufikelela kuphela kumgangatho wokuqala wamanzi. Akukho rhafu emanzini avela emthonjeni aliyi kukusongela, kuba ayilunganga. Ngoko awukwazi ukwesaba nayiphi na ihlawulo.

Ukuqhuba imithombo yamanzi aphantsi

Ngokubhekiselele ekulobeni-olwandle, imeko ihlukile apha. Abantu benza izixhobo ezinjalo ukuze bafumane amanzi ase-artesian. Kwaye akusiyo "isanti" yokunisela. La manzi alingana namayeza. Kukho irhafu kwiimithombo ngokuxhomekeke ekujuleni, okungaphezulu kweemitha ezili-100. Kodwa ngenxa yale nto ufuna ilayisenisi.

I-Artesian okanye amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba: yintoni umehluko?

Wonke umntu uyaziqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba amanzi ase-artesi angcono kunamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba. Kodwa uhluke njani? Siza kuzama ukuqonda.

Amanzi ase- Artesian aphakathi kwamacandelwana amabini anamandla. Oku kukuvumela ukukhusela kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zamanzi, kunye nokungena kwamanzi okuthuthwa kwamanzi. Ngokwemvelo yinto yamanzi acocekileyo, leyo, engaphezulu, ayikho phantsi kwefuthe lomntu. Yona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe lethu, kodwa kulo lonke uluntu. Ehlabathini, ipesenteji yamanzi anjalo ayinanto. Sinenhlanhla yokuba iRashiya isityebi kwizinto ezinjalo. Khawucinge nje ukuba ummi unqamle umthombo aze aphephe amanzi emlambo, esebenzisa ngaphantsi kwe-0.001% yalo. Amanzi acocekileyo angokwemvelo, ubutyebi obuncitshiswe kakhulu, ludibanisa nomlambo wendawo, apho kuvela khona amaxoxo kunye namaqatha. Kuyavuma, le ngcaciso iguqula ngokusisigxina isikhundla sokuba ingafuneka umthombo ohlambulukileyo kumanzi ahlambulukileyo kunye nehlabathi? Ngaba umntu ufanele alawulwe ukuqikelela kokusetyenziswa kwayo? Impendulo iyabonakala - kunjalo, ewe.

"Awukwazi ukunqanda ukuyithatha"?

Khumbula ibinzana elidumiweyo kwi-story story: "Awukwazi ukuxolela ukwenza"? Ekubeni kwenzeka into efanayo kunye nemvume yokusebenzisa amanzi ase-artesian kubantu ngabanye. Ilungelo kulo linika ilayisenisi kuphela, kwaye le nto ibandakanya ukudala iqumrhu lomthetho. Ngaphandle kwesi senzo, akunakwenzeka ukuyifumana.

Kodwa kukho ixesha eliphantsi kwengcinezelo apho ungayifumana imvume ngaphandle kokudala iqumrhu lomthetho:

• Akukho mithombo ekhoyo yamanzi (umzekelo, eCrimea).
• Umthombo sele ukhona kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuwulinganisa. Nangona, kunokwenzeka ukuba, kulo mzekelo, ukulungiswa kokumisela ukucoca kuya kuba ngaphezulu.

Ukufumana ilayisenisi. Isigaba esisodwa: imvume yoMphathiswa Wezendalo kunye ne-Ecology

Ierhafu emithonjeni kunye nemithombo yinto eqhelekileyo ngokuthelekiswa noko kufuneka uyenze. Okokuqala, sichaza iimfuno zamabhunga karhulumente ukwenzela ukubetha ngokuzayo kwamanzi ase-artesian:

• Imithombo yamachiza engcolileyo akufanele ibe kufuphi neekhilomitha ezingama-300. Oku akusiyo kwimigangatho yemikhosi yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutshabalalisa. "Imithombo" ibhekisela kwizikhululo zegesi, ii-oil depots, izibonelelo zoshishino, njalo njalo.
• Izinto ezinobungozi bezinto eziphilayo azifanele zibe zifuphi ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-200. Ezi zibandakanya iifomflethi, iimangcwaba zeenkomo, izityulo, njl njl.
• Izinto zobomi bomntu akufanele zibe ziphantse ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-30. Ezi zindlu, izitiya, izityalo, njl.
• Umhlaba, apho kuya kuba khona umthombo, awukwazi ukutyalwa kunye nayiphi na imveliso yamakhemikhali.
• Isayithi lokumba kufuneka lihlaziywe ngocingo.
• Ngaphantsi komthombo akufanele kubekho ubunxibelelwano kunye nezibonelelo zobunjineli.

Ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwemvume, kuya kufuneka ubambe iintlanganiso ezimbini kunye nomqeshwa weSebe lezendalo kunye ne-Ecology (MNRE). Uze undikholelwe, akanomdla wokukhupha ilayisensi. Eli sebe lizama "ukukhusela" uhlobo. I-"egunyazisiweyo" eyongezelelweyo enye "intloko" kwisebe.

Ngenxa yoko isiphetho-kubalulekile ukuzalisekisa zonke iimfuno ezibekwe nguNgqongqoshe wezeNdalo kunye ne-Ecology (MNRE).

Isigaba sesibini: ukuqokelela kwamaxwebhu

Elizweni lethu, ukuqokelela izatifikethi, amaxwebhu kunye neemvume, mhlawumbi, isayensi yonke. Nantsi inkolelo yangempela: "Thatha isitatimenti kuwo onke amabhinqa ukuba awuthatanga naye." Ngokukhutshwa kwelayisenisi kuya kufuneka kukhunjulwe eli binzana lokubamba. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa ngokusemthethweni kwehafu yeshumi leminyaka yamanzi acocekileyo kunye ncedisayo kufanele umzamo. La maxwebhu alandelayo aya kufuneka:

• Isicwangciso jikelele kunye nesimo sendawo .
• Isiseko sokuba nelungelo lobunikazi (isivumelwano sokuthengisa, ukuqeshisa, njl.).
• Isicwangciso sokuhlaziya.
• Isiqinisekiso sokubhalisa irhafu.
• Amaphepha ephepha lomthetho (i-charter, isatifiketi sokubhalisa, njl.).

Isigaba sesithathu - iimvume ezongezelelweyo

Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukubala ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi asuku zonke kwaye unikeze idatha kwi-MNRE esaziwayo kuthi. Ngokukhawuleza kuvela ukuba ummi uza kuchitha amanzi amaninzi. Enyanisweni, akukho ntlonelo apha, kuba i-landslides, eyenzeka "ngephutha" yeemithombo, ihlala isenzeka. Oku kubangela ukuba izinto ezinobungozi zingena emanzini ase-artesian, emva koko kubalulekile ukwenza imisebenzi yokucoca.

Isigaba sesine nantlanu: "indlela" eya kwiRospotrebnadzor ne-Oblkomvod

I-Rospotrebnadzor imele ivume le projekthi ukuseka indawo yokukhusela i-sanitary yebhanti yokuqala ye-well (malunga ne-60 x 60 m).

IKhomishina idibanisa kwaye iqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwexesha elizayo.

Imisebenzi yomnini wequla lobugcisa

Iphakheji yamaphepha aqokelelwa. Ngoku ungaya kwiSebe leSistim esebenzisiweyo kwaye ufumane imvume yokubamba. Konke oku, ummi akwamkeli kuphela ilungelo lokusebenzisa lo mthombo, kodwa kwakhona:

• Ilayisenisi ene "shelf life" (ukuhlawulwa kwayo ayikho irhafu emthonjeni).
• Isivumelwano, esiya kubeka iliso isimo semeko yomhlaba.
• Imirhumo.
• Ukunika ingxelo.
• Inani le Cadastral lomthombo.
• Ubungcali be-Geological (olwenziwa yiSebe leSisetyenziselwa ukuSebenza).

Kufuneka uhlawule malini?

Umthombo ngamnye unepasipoti yezobuchwepheshe, inombolo yesigodastra kunye nomitha wamanzi achithekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi kunye neenjongo zokusetyenziswa, isixa ngasinye seekhilomitha ezili-cubic meters siya kuhluka. Kodwa namhlanje esi sixa singama-ruble angama-80. Oku, ke, "ipenki" ifanisa, ithi, ngeeruble ezingama-20 nganye ngeekhiyitha yamanzi. Kodwa siya kuphendula ezo "qoqosho" ngokukhawuleza - ilayisenisi ngokwazo kunye nazo zonke iimvume ziya kubiza malunga neerigle ezigidi eziyi-1. Kwaye oko akubalanga inani lokubumba. Ngokuxhomekeke kummandla, kuyahluke. EMoscow, umzekelo, kuvela kuma-ruble amawaka ayi-500. Ukufikelela kwizigidi ezi-2 - kuxhomekeke kububungakanani bequla kunye nelitye.

Indawo yocwangco: yintoni na?

Oku kukhankanywe ukuba iRospotrebnadzor kufuneka iququzelele indawo yocwangco. Abasebenzi beli sebe kufuneka bafike kwisiza baze baqhube uhlalutyo lwamanzi. Umsebenzi kukuqinisekisa ukuba iinjongo zokusetyenziswa kwazo. Ngamanye amagama, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka yini ukutya amanzi ukutya okanye kuphela izidingo zobugcisa. Kodwa siyavuma ukuba ngenxa yokhuseleko lwethu lo myalelo "olungileyo". Awunqweneli ukusela amanzi kwaye ucinge ngoluphi uhlobo lokuvuselela oza kufumana kulo.

Iziphumo

Ukuba indlu yasehlotyeni inesiqhelo ngokuqhelekileyo ukunkcenkceshwa kwecandelo elingu-10-15 m inzulu akukho nto inokukhathazeka ngayo, akukho mfuneko yokuhlawula irhafu emanzini ukusuka kumthombo kubantu. Kodwa kuya kwenzeka ntoni, uthi, ngonyaka okanye ezimbini, akukho mntu unokuthi. Mhlawumbi irhafu kwiqula endlwini yangasese iya kuba yinto enyanzelekileyo kuwo wonke umntu.