Inqaku Military 1715: isishwankathelo jikelele

NgoMeyi 1715 Peter I okokuqala kuBukhosi Russian ekhutshwe zomkhosi ikhowudi wenkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye ke kuthiwa Inqaku Military 1715.

Yintoni le

Eli nqaku siqulunqwe Iimopane indalo kunye nolawulo yomkhosi rhoqo. It iqulathe isahluko 24, nto leyo zahlulwe amanqaku 209, okanye xa zibizwa - le nto. nqaku nganye zincediswa yi ukutolika kunye neengcaciso. Bathi ifakiwe kwinxalenye yesibini ye ezingummiselo ijoni Russian.

Enyanisweni, inqaku 1715 emkhosini - mthetho mthetho, imithetho ebonelela isohlwayo lityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Olu xwebhu ke kusebenza de ebukumkanini Nicholas mna, owadala imithetho yabo ngenxa kolawulo lomkhosi. Bambiza imithetho.

Imigaqo ephambili lolu xwebhu

Makhe sihlolisise inqaku yomkhosi 1715 iimpawu zayo ngokufutshane ibonisa ukuba imigaqo esisiseko ke okubhalwe kule umzimba mthetho: yolwaphulo liability injongo isohlwayo, isimaphambili se mthetho, ulwaphulo-mikhosi uluhlu, kwakunye nokusekwa izohlwayo kwabo. Olu luhlu luquka ezininzi ezi ngongoma:

• ngubani na yolwaphulo nokuba ityala;
• inkcazelo efanelekileyo kunye loKhuselo, kwakunye nomphako kwi isohlwayo ukusetyenziswa kwazo;
• uluhlu mandundu kwaye ukunciphisa iimeko ;
• ngokwahlulwa mthetho ngokweendidi;
• ulwaphulo-mthetho ukwahlula amanqanaba kunye isohlwayo eyahlukileyo ngamnye kubo.

Njengoko olu xwebhu lwenziwa

Xa uyila inqaku mlawuli Russian amalungiselelo amaninzi abolekwe kwimithombo kwilizwe lasemzini. Umzekelo, inqaku lokuqala wasebenzisa yaseSweden uGustav Adolf 1683rd. Emva koko wasebenzisa imithetho German yasebukhosini, nemimiselo, abalawuli Danish kunye Dutch, namasiko uLouis XIV. Isiphumo iye yatshintshwa kakhulu inkqubo isohlwayo.

Inqaku Military 1715 walungisa yena ukumkani yesazisi elisondeleyo iKhabhinethi lakhe (kuquka unobhala Makarov), kwaye xwebhu luqokelelo kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kumazwe angaphandle.

Lelikabani na umthetho

Inqaku Military 1715, inkcazelo jikelele leyo ibonisa ukuba ngowokuqala kwimbali umzimba lowiso imithetho ephathelene nobugebenga ukuba ichaza indlela yomthetho mthetho imfazwe. Loo uxwebhu kufuneka isetyenziswe kwiinkundla zomkhosi. Ukongeza amagosa kunye namadoda kolawulo kungaba umntu ophetheyo yomkhosi.

Noko ke, kwinqaku iinkcukacha isohlwayo izenzo lolwaphulo-abahlali - ubusela, ukudlwengula, ukuphanga, ukubulala, ngoko ke idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi kwiinkundla zoluntu.

Eyona engundoqo amalungiselelo lolu xwebhu

Inqaku Military 1715 yachaza ulwaphulo- kwisenzo eyingozi eluntwini. Olu xwebhu lubonisa ukuba "isenzo zoluntu yingozi yenza umonakalo omkhulu kurhulumente." Abenzi bobubi abantu abaphula umthetho.

Amacala lungohlulwa lube zezi ntlobo zilandelayo: nje, ngokungakhathali kunye ngabom. nobutyala yaziswa ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokungakhathali okanye ngabom. Baye yahlulwe manqanaba: injongo, umzamo, ulwaphulo-mthetho lugqityiwe. Isohlwayo kwaba nzima ngakumbi ukusuka kwibanga ukuya banga.

Le migaqo yomthetho okokuqala kubonisiwe kuxwebhu yomthetho.

Kukhunjulwe empini 1715

achaza kwakhe isenzo somthetho ikhankanya ukuba xwebhu eziqulethwe imiyalelo ilandelayo:

• Ngolwaphulo zikarhulumente ezifana udelele uPhilip, umzamo ubomi bakhe, uMbuso, imvukelo kunye neminye emiselwe ngumthetho isohlwayo okulula ukuba nenjongo yabo. Ukuze oku ukohlwaya nezoyikiso, bodwa ukulungiswa mthetho.
• Mthetho olujoliswe ukholo (isahluko 1 no-2). Ezi ziquka: ubugqwirha, unqulo-zithixo, ukunyelisa, uvukelo yonqulo, lunyhasho izithethe zonqulo emkhosini. Izohlwayo nenkolo. Isigwebo sentambo kwakhona izicelo.
• Lezopolitiko okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho kurhulumente (isahluko 3, 6, 17). Ezi ziquka imvukelo exhobileyo, uMbuso, isicwangciso ukubulala umlawuli, iyelenqe nxamnye naye, lokufakwa kumkani, ekugwetyweni neenjongo kakumkani kunye nezenzo, ukuvulwa password, uthetha-thethwano kunye notshaba, ulwazi malunga nokukhuthaza.

Kuba lowo sono silingenwe kukufa okanye sajikwa

Kuyaqhubeka:

• amatyala Military (isahluko: 4-15). Oku kwakuquka ukweqa kunye nokuphetshwa kwiinkonzo ezahlukeneyo. Bajeziswe uthumela ukuba imikhumbi, isabhokhwe shpitsrutenami. Ukuba amajoni babaleka ukusuka edabini, akukho sono silingenwe kukufa. Hard senzo kohlwaywa ngokuthatha iinqaba, iinqaba zamihla, ingakumbi ngexesha leentlekele zendalo.
• amagosa ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi ziquka: zokuxhaphaza, ukunyoba, gwenxa amandla anikwe. Bajeziswe ngokuxhonywa.
• Mthetho olujoliswe ulawulo enkundleni, umyalelo. Ezi ziquka: ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nemimiselo ngomkhulu, lokuxoka phantsi kwesifungo, manga. Isohlwayo waba servitude isohlwayo setyala, wamnqamla iminwe emibini.
• Ngomgunyathi, ayenza mthethweni, ukuba ukusebenzisa ezinye ngesinyithi, manga zamanzi kunye namaxwebhu kohlwaywa elivuthayo ephila.
• Mthetho olujoliswe ukuzola, ucwangco loluntu, nondiliseko. Ezi ziquka zokulwa, ukugcinwa yimiqolomba, iindibano enobukhwele, bengabenzi bobubi ukufukama, ukwaba lweziqhulo ababuxoki, iingxelo ezingcolileyo, ekhwaza esithi iingoma ezingcolileyo. Isohlwayo wakhonza isigwebo sentambo.
• Ethathela ukholo - ubugqwirha, unqulo-zithixo, ukunyelisa, sono silingenwe afe kabuhlungu.

Indlela ukuhlawulisa mthetho olujoliswe umntu nempahla

Ngokuba udelele umntu kohlwaywa ukohlwaya ngokubetha baza banikwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu entolongweni. Baya kohlwaywa ngodaba njengolwaphulo-mthetho apho le ummangaleli umtyholwa sanikwa.

Yena bajeziswe nokubanqumla ukubulala indoda. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuzibulala nazo zihlelwa nokubulala. ukuzibulala Body amrholela ezitratweni ze angcwatywe iindawo "embi".

Kwicandelo le "Ipropati mthetho" (Isahluko 21) zezi:

• ubusela elula ukuya ku engange amabini babethwe shpitsrutenami, inkonzo, okanye self-okubi;
• ukubiwa engange ngaphezu amabini, ukusuka emkhosini okanye ukusuka kwi icawa ithathwa ubusela bafanelekile, iye apho ke wasuka wawohlwaya ngokuxhonywa okanye kwi ivili;
• inkunzi ngaphandle isixhobo bohlwaywe ngokuqatha ngokomzimba;
• inkunzi kunye isixhobo wabiza ngokuphunyezwa njengomphangi;
• ukutshisa engacingi kunikezelwa umonakalo;
• ukutshisa bukhatshwa sisohlwayo, kukufa.

mthetho ngokwesondo

La madoda ziquka abadlwengula abafana ukuba wabizwa ngokuba "sodomy". Isohlwayo reference ukuba imikhumbi, isohlwayo sentambo. Kuba okulala elawulwa isohlwayo sokubetha. Kuba ukudlwengulwa yabafazi ngonaphakade ukuthumela ukuba imikhumbi okanye bajeziswe ngokufa.

Ukukrexeza ndiyabuvelela yomsebenzi onzima okwethutyana okanye isohlwayo sokubetha. Yonke into kwakuxhomekeke kuqwalaselwa iimeko zayo. Le isohlwayo zingathomalaliswa, ukuba indoda wabaxolela ungumngcatshi.

Ngokutsho imithetho ecaweni Babesoblwaya isithembu. Nesihlobo (ombulo) akukho sono silingenwe kukufa. Ukuba wazalwa mntwana wesihlahla, umenzi wobubi umntwana eziqulathwe kunye nonina. Ngaphandle zonke ngasentla, ukuvumela izivakalisi entolongweni kunye izono yobufundisi.

iintlobo uphawu isohlwayo

Iindidi eziphambili isohlwayo equka inqaku yasemkhosini-1715, ezi zilandelayo: izohlwayo, njalonjalo, term namakhonkco, kokuthathwa impahla, ukohlwaywa ngokubethwa, kwakuba nzima ukuzala kwakhe, entolongweni, ukuhluthwa ebomini.

Isigwebo sentambo, nayo, iye abaqeqeshiweyo elula. Yi ekwenzeni elula ziquka: ukubadubula, intloko, ngokuxhonywa. Isohlwayo abanezakhono ziquka: ukutsha, kwaphulwa kwivili, quartering, wavulela etyhidiweyo emqaleni.

Ukohlwaya ngokubetha ukwabelana buhlungu kunye chlenovreditelskie. Ngu izohlwayo ezibuhlungu isicelo shpitsrutenami ukukhala, bekatswa, okanye isabhokhwe, yaye ukuba chlenovreditelskim - ngokunqamla ezahlukeneyo amalungu omzimba kunye nokusetyenziswa yamanqaku.

Xa zohlwayo nobukrelemqa sajikwa bathunyelwa kwiinkampani zokwakha, iinqaba, kunye imikhumbi.

Ezinye iintlobo zezohlwayo wabakho zamagosa. Umzekelo, yokurhoxa yenkonzo, ukubanjwa, ukuncipha irenki, ukulahlekelwa iholide okanye sisiphi isikhundla anaso. Kwaye ebezama kakhulu njengento civil nokufa - imeko apho umtyholwa umnakekeli onke amalungelo ngokubanzi.