Inkqubo yokuhambisa: ukuyila, ukufakwa, ukufakwa, ukugcinwa

Amaziko amakhulu athengisa amatsha, izakhiwo zoshishino, kunye nemibutho yabanini bezindlu kunye neempahla ezizimeleyo, zifuna ukulawula rhoqo ubuchwepheshe. Ulawulo lokungena umoya, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi, umbane, akunakwenzeka ukuphumeza ngaphandle koluncedo lweenkqubo zeekhompyutheni ezizodwa. Zilawula ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye zitshintshe ukusebenza kweendlela, kwaye xa kunokwenzeka ukungasebenzi kunye neemeko ezingxamisekileyo inkqubo inika uphawu lwe-alamu. Ulawulo lokwakha (iNkqubo yoLawulo loKwakha) kuthiwa "inkqubo yokuthumela". Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo malunga nendlela yenziwe ngayo kwaye ifakwe, siza kuxubusha kwinqaku lethu.

Inkqubo yokusabalalisa: imigaqo yokusebenza

Abathungi banamhlanje baxhotyiswe ngeekhomputha zokulawula iinkqubo zobunjineli. Zitshintshi nabalawuli kwi-server kunye nabaguquguquli bexesha kwiimpawu zobunjineli ezifakiwe. Iinkqubo zokuthumela kunye neendlela zokuzenzekelayo zenzelwe ukuququzelela i-nableniya ngezixhobo zesakhiwo.

Ukusebenzisa iikhompyutheni, umthumeli kwi-shishini, kunye nomnini okanye abakhokeli kwindlu yangasese, ulindile utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya, ukunyanzeliswa kweemipayipi nokulawula ezinye iiparitha zezixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ukulawula kude

Ukude, kunokwenzeka ukulawula iiyunithi zokuphatha umoya. Ukutshintsha ipesenti yokuvula i-valve yefriji, unokuchaphazela ukushisa kombane. Inkqubo yokuthumela isakhiwo esilawula kude ilandelayo:

1. Iqondo lobushushu.
2. Ibhodi yokusabalalisa yamandla amakhulu kunye nezixhobo zokusabalalisa igalelo.
3. Ukukhanyisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
4. Ukunikezelwa kweGesi.
5. Ukubonelela kunye nokukhupha iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya.
6. Izigulane zomoya kunye neengcingo zomoya.
7. Ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi.
8. Inkqubo yokulahlwa kwamanzi (izimbiza zamanzi kunye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi).
9. I-alamu yomlilo kunye nokucima umlilo komlilo.
10. Iindawo zokupaka.
11. Ukulawula ukufikelela kwisakhiwo.
12. Phakamisa izixhobo zokusebenza.

Ukulungiswa kokuqala kunye nokulungiswa

Ukufakela kwezixhobo ezichazweyo kufuneka kuqwalaselwe kwisigaba sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo. Inkqubo yokuthunyelwa kweenkqubo iqhutyelwa yimibutho ekhethekileyo yemvumelwano.

Iprojekthi kufuneka inikeze izithuba zekhebula ezidibanisa zonke izixhobo ukuthetha kunye nomncedisi. Kwi-block blocks, iintambo zivela kwi-chastotniki, ezifakwe kwiinkqubo, iimpompo, izixhobo zamandla kunye nezinye iinkqubo.

Igumbi leseva kufuneka lifakwe kwigumbi elihlukeneyo, elifanelekileyo, ukuze lipholise amandla kunye neefestile ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwi-racks.

Umsebenzi wokufaka

Ukufakwa kwezixhobo zokuthumela ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutywe yiinkampani eziqeshwe ngokukhethekileyo. Njengomthetho, baneeprojekthi zabo ezikulungele, kodwa banokusebenza kwiiprojekthi zomthengi. Ukugcinwa kwenkqubo yokuthumela kwinqanaba leenkonzo zesewaranti zenziwa yikontrakta ofake le sixhobo.

Emva kwexesha lesigunyaziso senkonzo, ulawulo lomsebenzi lunokuqhutywa yinkqubo yomsebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukugcinwa kwenkqubo kusetyenziswa yinjineli ephantsi. Kwiibambisene ezahlukeneyo kukho ishedyuli esetyenzisiweyo, kwaye ukusebenza kolawulo lwee-voltage ezixhobo kunye nezixhobo kuxhomekeke kule nto.

Ukuzaliswa kwangaphakathi kwenkqubo yolawulo

Kukho iinkqubo ezininzi zeekhompyuter ezijongene nezixhobo ezifakwe kwiziko. Kungekude kudlulileyo, iiprogram ezithandwayo zaziyi-Honeywell kunye no-Johnson Controls. Ngoku i-Siemens, i-Orion kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezingezantsi zifakwe kwizinto ezintsha, kunye nokuguqulwa ngu-Honeywell no-Johnson Controls.

Inkqubo yokuthumela into idinga ukuhlolwa rhoqo nokuhlaziywa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zonke iinkqubo zifakwe kwixesha elide lewaranti, kwaye emva koko, ekupheleni kwexesha lewaranti, ezo nkontrakthi zizalisekisa izibophelelo zokufakela nokugcina.

Izixhobo zokupakisha, zonke izinto zifakwe kuxhomekeke kwinkampani eyenza ukufaka kunye nokugcina iinkqubo zokuthumela ukuphakamisa (Kone-Lift, ThyssenKrupp AG, Otis nabanye).

Indlela yokulwa komlilo isebenza njani?

Ukuzenzekelayo kwakhona kufakwe kwizinto zokulwa nomlilo. Isebenza xa i-detectors yomsi ibutha umlilo kwaye ithumela uphawu lwe-alamu kwigumbi lokulawula. I-dispatcher kwisebe ibona indawo yesikhombisi kwaye ibika isiganeko ekutshintsheni umsebenzi.

Ukuba ngaba izibini ezimbini zokubhema zomlilo zibangelwa , isalathisi se-alamu yomyalezo wokuphuma ngokukhawuleza siya kuvakala kwisakhiwo sonke. Ngethuba elifanayo, inkqubo yokunikezelwa komoya kwimigodi ye-elevator iya kuvula. I-Elevators iya kutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo kwisiteji sokuqala kwaye ivule iingcango, ingaphenduli kwiifowuni kunye nemiyalelo.

Ulawulwa njani ngokuzenzekelayo?

Kwi sixhobo ezifakwe kwisakhiwo, kukho izixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Baqokelela ulwazi malunga nezixhobo zokusebenza kunye nokusebenzisana nabalawuli abahambisa isalathisi kwinkqubo yokuzenzekelayo kunye nekhompyutha efakwe kwigumbi lokulawula. Umthumeli-mthumeli kwisebe yokusebenza ubona isimo senkqubo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ulawula izicwangciso.

Inkqubo yokuphucula umoya ilungisa iiparameters ebekwe ngokubhekiselele kwisimiso sobushushu begumbi. Ukuba ezi zinto zinikezela kwaye zikhupha iiyunithi ezixhotywe ngumfaki-mlilo, umtshizi wokufudumala kunye nesiphaluka esibandayo, i-automation igcina ukushisa okufunayo ngokuvala okanye ukuvula i-valve yamanzi ebandayo okanye ukwandisa isantya sombuyisi. Konke oku kutshintsha i-dispatcher ibona kwisebe kwesikrini sokulawula.

Kwixesha elibandayo, xa ukushisa kwemoya yangaphandle kuwela ngaphantsi kwama-degrees Celsius angama-20, kunokwenzeka ukutshintshela izicwangciso ngabaphathi be-dispatcher okanye nabasebenzi abasemsebenzini ukuya kwimodi ye-manual ukukhusela ukutshisa umtshini wokutshisa.

Ngokubeka iiparitha eziyimfuneko kwipaneli yokulawula (ikhompyutha), i-dispatcher ibona utshintsho kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza yezityalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo iinjineli ezikhokelayo, ukunyamekela ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo, ubeke ishedyuli kunye neshedyuli yeenkqubo zokungenisa umoya kwindawo ekhethekileyo okanye kwilogi yokusebenza ye-dispatcher. Ngokutsho kwakhe, inkqubo yokuthumela ilawula iinkqubo zokutshintshisa ukushisa nokuphucula.

Iinkqubo zoKhuseleko

Ukuthetha malunga neenkqubo zokulawula ukuthumela, umntu akafanele akhohlwe malunga neenkqubo ezizodwa zokuthumela iinkqubo zokhuseleko. Ngokukhawuleza kuthiwa yi-ACS (inkqubo yokulawula ukufikelela). Awuhambelani nenkqubo yokulawula umoya womoya kunye nezinye izixhobo zobunjineli kwaye zixhotywe ngekhompyutha ekhethekileyo.

Ulawulo lwekhompyutha lufumana iimpawu ezivela kuzo zonke iitshizi ze-electromagnetic, i-turntiles kunye nabanye abafundi be-elektroniki, kuquka inkqubo yokubeka iliso ukungena nokuphuma kwezithuthi ukusuka kwindawo yokupaka. Zonke izipasiphelo ezinikezelwe ngabasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi zinamanani angasetyenziselwa ukuchonga xa umqeshwa edlulayo kwi-turntile okanye umnyango oxhotywe nge-lock magnetic. Zonke ezi nkcukacha, nazo zihanjiswe ngamasentimitha amakhulu, zithunyelwa kwi-computer efanelekileyo yokulawula i-computer.

Inkqubo yolawulo lokufikelela kokude ixhunyiwe kwinkqubo yobunjineli yokhuseleko lomlilo. Xa kwenzeka kwimeko engxamisekileyo, iya kuvula ngokuzenzekelayo iingcango zonke zokuphuma kongxamiseko.

Indawo ebalulekileyo emsebenzini weenkqubo zokulawula isakhiwo ngumbane ongenakunqunyulwa ngumncedisi. Kwimeko yombane wokukhupha, uya kuyisindisa kwi-console ye-dispatcher kwaye ikuvumele ukuba ucime inkqubo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwedatha.

Lapho kusetyenziswa khona izixhobo zokulawula izakhiwo

Ngaphandle kwenkqubo yolawulo lwezakhiwo, akukho ndawo yoshishino lwanamhlanje lingakwazi ukulawula. Ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo kuvuliwe ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuthumela. Ukongezelela, kumaziko okhuseleko, indima ebalulekileyo idlalwe kumaziko oshishino. Ngoko ke, iinkqubo zokulawula ukufikelela zifakiwe. Baqinisekisa umsebenzi wokugcina indawo, kunye nokungena nokuphuma kwiindawo zokupaka. Kuyafana nokusebenza kwipropati kunye ne-escalator.

Kuzo naziphi na izakhiwo, ukufakela iinkqubo zokuthumela izinto kubangela umsebenzi wabasebenzi kunye nokuvumela ukugcina izibonelelo zamandla, ukudala izimo ezintle kwindawo