Inkqubo photosynthesis: a ngqo noluqondakalayo ebantwaneni. IFotosinthesisi: izithunzi ezikhanyayo nezimnyama ngezigaba

Indlela ukuchazela yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efana photosynthesis, ngqo noluqondakalayo? Izityalo ezi izinto eziphilayo kuphela ukuba avelise ukutya kwabo. Bakwenza njani oko? Kuba ukukhula kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo kufumana zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwi-bume: carbon dioxide - emoyeni, amanzi kunye nezondlo - ukusuka emhlabeni. Kufuneka kwakhona amandla, nto leyo ifunyenwe elangeni. Le amandla ekwenyukeni reactions ngamachiza apho icarbon dioxide kunye namanzi eziguqulelwe kwi glucose (amandla) kunye neoksijini. Oku photosynthesis. Chaza ngokucacileyo ucacise kakuhle kwenkqubo kunokuba nkqu nabantwana-isikolo.

"Kunye ekukhanyeni"

Igama elithi "photosynthesis" livela lamagama amabini Greek - ". Kunye nokukhanya" "ifoto" yaye "kuyondelelaniswe", ukuhlanganiswa ethetha Xa inkqubo yefotosinthesis, amandla elanga iguqulelwa kwi amandla imichiza. Le khemikhali equation of photosynthesis:

6CO ₂ + 12H ₂ O + ukukhanya = C ₆ H ₁₂ Owu ₆ + 6O ₂ + 6H ₂ O.

Oku kuthetha ukuba iimolekyuli 6 carbon dioxide kunye namanzi iimolekyuli elinambini zisetyenziswa (kunye ne kwelanga) ukwenzela ukuvelisa glucose ekugqibeleni kwasekwa mpilo ezintandathu ezintandathu iimolekyuli zamanzi. Ukuba alimele ngokohlobo quadratic ngamazwi, sifumana oku kulandelayo:

icarbon dioxide + namanzi + ilanga => glucose + neoksijini + amanzi.

Ilanga umthombo enamandla kakhulu amandla. Abantu sisoloko sizama ukuba bayisebenzise umbane, ubushushu thermal izakhiwo, amanzi ubushushu njalo njalo. Izityalo 'yasungulwa ", nokusetyenziswa amandla elanga ukuba kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngenxa yokuba kuyimfuneko ukuphila kwabo. IFotosinthesisi ngokufutshane ecacileyo kwaye wachaza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: izityalo sisebenzise amandla ukukhanya kwelanga bese ukuyijika ibe amandla eekhemikhali, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iswekile (iswekile), kwakuwo yayo egcinwe ngohlobo istatshi kumagqabi, iingcambu, iziqu kunye imbewu isityalo. amandla ilanga ikhutshelwa izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezitya ezi zityalo. Xa isityalo kufuneka izondlo wokukhula kunye nezinye iinkqubo ubomi, ezi ntlanzi ziluncedo kakhulu.

Njengoko izityalo ukufunxa amandla avela elangeni?

Ukuthetha photosynthesis ngokufutshane kwaye ngokucacileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kulungiswe lo mbuzo njani izityalo ukulawula lokunciphisa amandla elanga. Oku kungenxa yokuba isakhiwo ekhethekileyo amagqabi kuquka iiseli eluhlaza - chloroplasts eziqulethe into eyodwa ebizwa ngokuba yiklorofili. Le sombala izityalo, nto leyo enika amagqabi aluhlaza kwaye linoxanduva ukufunxeka ukukhanya elanga.

Kutheni uninzi amagqabi banzi kwaye iflethi?

IFotosinthesisi kwenzeka amagqabi ezityalo. Into isimanga sesokuba izityalo kakuhle kakhulu for yokufakwa kwelanga kunye ne-carbon dioxide ukufunxeka. Ngenxa kumphezulu ebanzi baya kuthinjwa ukukhanya kakhulu ngakumbi. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba solar, nto leyo maxa wambi efakwe phezu kwendlu, nezindlu ebanzi kwaye iflethi. I elikhulu kwamanzi, ngokuba ngcono ako.

Yiyiphi enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba izityalo?

Njengabantu, izityalo kufuneka ube luncedo kunye nezondlo ukugcina impilo, ukuze akhule kwaye enze kakuhle imisebenzi yabo ebalulekileyo. Bona ukuba izimbiwa ichithwe ukusuka emhlabeni ngeengcambu zazo. Ukuba ngaba awunayo izondlo yezimbiwa ngokwaneleyo emhlabeni, isityalo akuyi kukhula kakuhle. Abalimi njalo hlola umhlaba ukuze uqiniseke iqulathe izakha mzimba ezaneleyo ukulungiselela ukukhula kwesityalo. Kungenjalo, abe nokusetyenziswa kwezichumiso eziqulathe izimbiwa eziyimfuneko nokondliwa kunye nokukhula kwesityalo.

Kutheni photosynthesis ebalulekileyo?

Echaza umBoniso emfutshane neqondakalayo abantwana, kuyimfuneko ukuba ndithi, ukuba le nkqubo yenye ekudibaneni kwemichiza ibalulekileyo ehlabathini. Ziziphi izizathu ingxelo elikhulu enjalo? Okokuqala, oku kondla photosynthesis izityalo, nto leyo, wondla ezinye zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni, kuquka izilwanyana kunye nabantu. Okwesibini, ngenxa yokuba photosynthesis ekhutshelwa kwi-atmosfera xa uphefumla ioksijini. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ukurhogele oksijini kwaye iyaphuma carbon dioxide. Ngethamsanqa, izityalo ukwenza okwahlukileyo, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu kunye nezilwanyana, njengoko kubanika ithuba ukuze aphefumle.

inkqubo emangalisayo

Izityalo, ubuye abe nakho ukuphefumla, kodwa Ngokungafaniyo nabantu kunye nezilwanyana, anciphisa icarbon dioxide emoyeni, kunokuba oksijini. kakhulu Plants kusela. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka ukuba ngamanzi, okanye baya kufa. Esebenzisa amanzi iingcambu kunye izondlo kuyiswe onke amalungu omzimba yezityalo, yaye ngenxa imingxuma encinane leves kwenzeka le carbon dioxide ukufunxeka. A umnyele kokuqalisa indlela imichiza yi kwelanga. Yonke imveliso pathways ephuma izityalo ezisetyenziselwa ukutya, mpilo engeyivulelekile yaya kwi-atmosfera. Yiloo ndlela uyakwazi ukuchaza ngokufutshane kwaye ngokucacileyo indlela inkqubo yefotosinthsis.

IFotosinthesisi: Ukukhanya kunye nesigaba ezimnyama photosynthesis

Inkqubo ekuthethwa iquka iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili. Kukho izigaba ezibini zefotosinthesis (inkcazo kunye itheyibhile - apha). Eyokuqala kuthiwa kwisigaba ukukhanya. Oku kwenzeka kuphela xa kukho ukukhanya inwebu thylakoid ebandakanya yiklorofili-protein abathwali electron kunye synthase enzyme ATP. Yintoni enye efihla photosynthesis? Ukukhanya kunye Isigaba mnyama zefotosinthesis Balandela ndawonye njengoko ekuqaleni imini nobusuku (umjikelo Calvin). Ngethuba lesigaba mnyama, imveliso kanye iswekile, ukutya izityalo. Le nkqubo kwakhona ngokuba abasabela ukukhanya-ezizimeleyo.

isiphelo

Ukusuka ngentla siya afikelele kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:

• - photosynthesis inkqubo evumela ukuba afumane amandla avela elangeni.
• Amandla nokukhanya kwelanga iguqulelwa amandla imichiza yi ngokuba yiklorofili.
• Ngokuba yiklorofili unika izityalo eluhlaza.
• IFotosinthesisi yenzeka plant chloroplasts leeseli leaf.
• Icarbon dioxide namanzi ziyimfuneko ukuze yefotosinthesisi.
• Icarbon dioxide ongena isityalo ngokusebenzisa mingxuma oluncinane, yokondliwa, kubo ngaphandle oksijini.
• Amanzi bafakwa kwisityalo ngeengcambu zawo.
• Ngaphandle photosynthesis, kuba kungekho kutya ehlabathini apho.