I-Peat bog: imfundo, ubudala, inyaniso

Phantse kunoma yiphina indawo yendawo ungayifumana i-landscape engummangaliso enje, njengenqatha. Yigumbi lokugcina iindawo zokugcina amanzi, umhlaba omtsha okhulayo kunye nomthombo wamanzi onika imilambo.

Inkcazelo

Ixhaphaza kuthiwa indawo yeendawo ezinomdaka obuninzi bomhlaba kunye namanzi amaninzi phezu komhlaba kulo nyaka. Ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwamanzi, amanzi aphephekanga, kwaye indawo iya kugqithiswa ngokusityalo ngokushushu. Ngenxa yokungabikho komoya kunye nomswakama ogqithiseleyo, iifomati zefayili zifom ephezulu. Ubungakanani babo, njengomthetho, alukho ngaphantsi kwama-30 cm.

I-Peat yimbumbano esetyenziselwa njengomthombo wamanzi kunye nesichumiso se-organic, ngoko ke amanxweme ayabaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho.

Izizathu zokubunjwa kweebhogi

Imbali yembonakalo yabo ingaphezu kweminyaka engama-400 yezigidi. Iimvula zamanje "ezincinane" zifikelela kwiminyaka eyi-12 lamawaka. Indawo yabo yonke indawo emhlabeni jikelele malunga ne-2,682,000 km², apho i-73% yiRashiya. Ukuvela kweemfudlana kulandelwa ngamanani amaninzi: isimo sezulu eshushu, indawo yokuma komhlaba, ubukho bemimandla yomhlaba engaxhamli kwamanzi kunye nokufuphi kwamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba.

Njengomphumo wokungcolisa okwexesha elide emhlabathini, iinkqubo ezithile zikhokelela ekuhlanganiseni i-peat. Amahlathi kwiimeko ze-oksijini yindlala efa, iindawo zihlala zihlanjelwe imifuno ehambelana nezimo ezifanayo. Konke oku kuncedisa ukuqhubela phambili, okuhambelana nokuqokelela i-peat. Xa kukho ukungabikho kwe-oksijeni, isityalo esalayo asiyi kupheliswa ngokupheleleyo, ngokuthe ngcembe iqokelela, yenze i-peat bog.

Vegetation

Izimo zokuphila ezithile zifaka isandla ekuphuhliseni izityalo ezithile. Ukungabikho kwamashishini okutshintshiselwa kwamanzi kubangela ukungabikho kwe-lime kwi-deposit peat. Oku kubangela ukuphindaphinda kwe- sphagnum moss, engayikunyamezela ubukho bokuba i-lime encinci emanzini.

Izityalo eziqhelekileyo zeebhogi ziquka i-cranberries, i-blueberries, ama-cloudberries, i-lingonberries, i-sundew kunye nabamhlophe. Inyaniso enomdla kukuba bonke banempawu ekhusela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi, uphawu lwezityalo ezikhoyo kwindawo ezomileyo.

Ukwakheka kwePeat

Liyidwala elingumgubo elinamaminerali angama-50%. Iqukethe i-bitumen, i-humic acids, i-salts, kunye neengcambu zezityalo ezingazange zilahle (iziqu, amaqabunga, iingcambu).

Uluhlu oluphezulu olufihla i-peat bog ngumhlaba we-hydromorphic. Yakhiwe ngama-invertebrates kunye nama-microorganisms, egcwele izityalo kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwi-metabolism ne-phytocenosis. Ukuqokelela kwe-peat kuyanciphisa kakhulu - kunyaka ubuninzi boluhlu lukhula ngokungabi ngaphezu kwe-1 mm. Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwizinga lokukhula kwe-peat yangaphambili-i-moss sphagnum.

Kancinci, phantsi kweempembelelo ezibekwe ngaphaya kwe-peat thickens, ukuguqulwa kweekhemikhali kwenzeka kuyo, kwaye inxalenye engabonakaliyo iyavela. Umsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo wolu luhlu ugcinwa ukuba izinga lamanzi kwi-swamp liyahluka kwaye ehlotyeni liyancipha ukuya kuma-40 cm.

I-Peat iyiminerali esetyenziswe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezolimo. Isebenza njengezinto eziqingqiweyo zokudala iingubo ezinqabileyo, kodwa zomeleleyo. Iimveliso zePeat ziveliswa kwi-peat. Ikhono lobuncwane lokufumana umswakama luvumela ukuba lusetyenziswe njengendawo yokulala emfuyo. Ukongezelela, oku kuyisichumiso esihle kakhulu sesichumiso.

Ukubaluleka kweebhogi

Amanqanaba aphezulu emifudlana abangela ukuba usongela ukuphela kwawo. Ngomnyaka we-1971, iNdibano yasayinwa kwiRamsar, injongo yaloo nto yayilondolozo lwemithombo yamanzi. Namhlanje, malunga namazwe angama-60 (kuquka iRashiya) athatha inxaxheba kuwo, echaphazeleka ngokukodwa malunga nengxaki ye-peat bogs.

Nayiphi na imfudumalo yindawo yamanzi. Ababini bahlala ngokuphindwe kabini ngamanzi amnandi ngaphezu kwayo yonke imilambo ehlabathini. Iibhogi ze-Peat zibandakanyeka ekuboneleleni ukutya kwimifula. Iyona enkulu kunazo zonke iyakwazi ukumisa umlilo wamahlathi. Bahambisa umoya kwindawo ejikelezileyo kwaye bakhonze njengefayile ecacileyo. Ngonyaka, i-hekta eli-1 ye-swamp ingena kwi-atmospheric ukuya kwi-1500 kg ye-carbon dioxide, ikhulula ngaphezu kwe-500 kg ye-oksijeni. Ukukhutshwa kwesohlwayo kudla ngokukhokelela ekutshatyalaliswa kwempampu, kwaye ngenxa yolu, imilambo ibe yinto engapheliyo, ukuguguleka komhlaba kwenzeka , kwaye utshintsho lomhlaba luya kwenzeka.

Kwi-peat kukho kugcinwa ngokugqibeleleyo kumawaka eminyaka isalathiso sezityalo, impova, imbewu, apho ungayifunda khona iplanethi yethu. Ukufunyanwa kwiibhogi ze-peat kuncedwe, umzekelo, izazinzulu zenza ukuba ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zikwazi ukulinda apho ukutshintsha iimeko zezulu.

Ixhaphaza yinkqubo encinane engathintekiyo yendalo yongenelelo loluntu, ngoko yindawo ekhuselekileyo yezityalo ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana ezidweliswe kwiBlack Book. Apha ukhule amajikijolo anqabileyo, afana nama-cloudberries, ama-crranberries, ama-crranberries.

UBukumkani bukaMoya

Kwimihla yethu ifikile inani elikhulu leengcamango kunye neengcamango ezinxulumene neemvula. Bakhawuleze bethanda abantu ngeemfihlelo zabo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo babethusa. Oku akumangalisi, kuba ukufunyaniswa, kwafunyanwa ngamanye amaxesha kwi-peat bogs, kwabangela ukwesaba okwenene. Ngokomzekelo, kwimilo, e-Norway nakwiDenmark, ifunyenwe isisele sabantu abangamakhulu asixhenxe abahlala kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo. Indalo enqabileyo yayigcinwe kakuhle kangangokuthi akukho nto ihlala kuyo okanye iingubo zabo ezikuzo zazingxweliswa ngexesha lonke.

Akukho nto eyikisayo, kwiintsuku zakudala, kwakukho into enye, edlalwa rhoqo kwi-swamp. Okokuqala, ibhola elikhulu likhuphukela phezulu, ngoko liphuma ngomsindo, kwaye umlambo wamanzi kunye nodaka lukhuphukela phezulu. Abantu babecinga lo mbonakaliso obunzima ukubonakalisa imimoya emibi, umoya ongendawo ohlala kwi-peat bog. Enyanisweni, le ntetho, eneneni, inentsingiselo yesayensi. Njengomphumo wokubola kweentlobo ze- marsh , yenziwe igesi ye-methan, eqokelela phantsi kobunqamle obuncinci phantsi komlambo. Ngenxa yokuqokelela okukhulu, ukuqhuma okunjalo kwenzeka. Ngokwenene, eli gesi liza phezu komhlaba ngokuzinzileyo ngendlela yemibhobho encinci.

Ngako oko, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-peat bog inobungozi yinto enokuthi imililo, eyona nto idla ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba idle.