Ingqiqo kunye nokwahlula abathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zobugebengu. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili kwiinkqubo zobugebengu

Kukho nawuphi na ulwalamano olusemthethweni kukho izifundo. Intsebenziswano yabo ingaba yinto ehlukileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kulo, kwakhona, isangqa esithile saloo zifundo zobudlelwane abathile lichongiwe.

Iinkqubo zoLwaphulo-mthetho

Nguwuphi umsebenzi owenziwe ngamagunya agunyazisiweyo. Inxulumene nokuqaliswa kwamatyala, uphando, ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokusombulula kwabo enkundleni. Lo msebenzi unemibandela yomthetho kawonkewonke. Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kugxininiswe ngaphakathi komthetho.

Isiseko esiqhelekileyo

. I-Code Procedure Code inikezela imigaqo yobulungisa bobugebengu . Ngeziko labo amagunya agunyazisiweyo enza imisebenzi yabo. Ziye zahlula ngokwemigangatho e-2. , определяющие свободы и права граждан. Eyokuqala ibandakanya imigaqo yobulungisa bezobugebengu , enokuqulunqa inkululeko kunye namalungelo abemi. Ziquka:

1. Ukubonakalisa ukungabi namacala.
2. Ukuqinisekisa ama-suspect / amalungelo atyholwa ukukhusela.
3. Ukungahambi kakuhle komntu, ikhaya, lobomi bodwa.
4. Ukukhuselwa kwesidima kunye nodumo.

Ukongezelela, umgaqo-nkqubo uqulethe imimiselo echanekileyo inkqubo yokugweba inkqubo. Phakathi kwazo:

1. Imithetho ekuqhubekeni kweshishini.
2. Ulawulo lobulungisa kuphela yinkantolo.
3. Ukukhuphisana, ukulingana kwezifundo ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo.
4. Inkululeko yovavanyo lobungqina obufakiwe.
5. Ilungelo lokutshintshisa izinto ezithatyathwe.

Njengoko kunokubonwa, uninzi lwezi miselo zingentla zichaphazelekayo inxaxheba kwiinkqubo. Umthetho uchaza uluhlu lwezifundo ezingabandakanyeka kwimeko kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi.

I-Concept kunye nokwahlula abathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zobugebengu: ulwazi oluqhelekileyo

Imiba enxulumene nabantu abachaphazelekayo kwiimeko zihlala ziphakamisa umdla wolwaphulo. KwiSiqendu 5 se-CCP kukho inkcazelo ngokubanzi. Ngokwemimiselo, abathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zizinto ezibandakanyekayo kuphando oluchanekileyo kwimeko. Ngoko ke, isangqa sabo sinokubanzi. – категории, имеющие большое практическое значение. Ingqiqo kunye nokwahlula abathathi-nxaxheba kwizobulungisa zolwaphulo-mthetho zizintlu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abandakanyekayo kwiimeko bangabandakanya iziko likarhulumente, ezempilo, ezisemthethweni, iinkampani zomthetho, izizwe, izifundo ngaphandle kobuzwe. Isici sokudibanisa kubo kukuba bonke bachaphazelekayo kwimeko ethile.

Iinjongo

позволяют выделить ряд функций, которые могут исполнять субъекты, привлекаемые к делам. Ingqiqo kunye nokwahlula abathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho kusivumela ukuba sibone imisebenzi emininzi abachaphazelekayo kwiimeko. Ngokukodwa, abantu banakho:

1. Ukuphumeza umsebenzi othile weenkqubo.
2. Ukusebenzisa imisebenzi kunye namalungelo, ngokuhambelana nesimo sabo.
3. Ngena kumanyano omthetho kunye namaqela ahlukeneyo karhulumente kunye nabasebenzi abandakanyekayo ekulawuleni ubulungisa.

Ukwahlula ngokubanzi kwezifundo

. Okwangoku, umthetho uchaza ngokucacileyo imbono kunye nokuhlelwa kwabadlali kwiinkqubo zobugebengu . Isiseko saloo mva yinkqubo yokuchasana nenkqubo kwimeko. Ulwahlulo lwezomthetho lwezifundo ezibandakanya ukuhlaziywa lwenziwa kula maqela alandelayo:

1. Inkundla. Kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho, lo mzimba ugunyaziwe ukuhlaziywa kwimeko.
2. I ntlawulo. , его заместителя, дознавателя, следователя, потерпевшего. Iimimiselo zinikezela ukuthatha inxaxheba yomtshutshisi kwimicimbi yezobugebengu , iphini lakhe, umphandi, umphandi, ixhoba. Leli qela libandakanya ummangali womntu, umtshutshisi wabucala, abameli bawo, nabameli.
3. Khuselo. Eli qela, kwindawo yokuqala, liquka igqwetha. функции защиты могут выполнять и представители обвиняемого. Kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho , abameli bamangalelwa banokuyenza imisebenzi yokukhusela. Ukongeza, eli qela libandakanya ngqo umntu oziswayo, kunye nommangalelwa.
4. . Abathathi-nxaxheba abancedisayo kwiinkqubo zobugebengu . Baquka unobhala, amangqina, iingcali, abaguquleli, iingcali, njalo njalo.

Ukwahlula okuhlukile

Ukuhlukana kwezifundo kungenziwa ngokuxhomekeke kwiminqweno ethile, injongo kunye nenxaxheba. Kule mihlaba, amaqela alandelayo ayahluka:

1. I-arhente karhulumente kunye nabasebenzi, kumsebenzi kunye nezigqibo eziza kugqiba ikhosi kunye nesiphumo selo tyala. Uludwe lwezifundo ezifakwe kweli qela libhekwa liphelele. Iquka: amabhunga ophando / uphando, abasebenzi babo, kuquka iinkokheli, abashushisi kunye namagosa, abagwebi.
2. Izifundo ezinezinto eziphathekayo kunye neenjongo zenkqubo. . Eli candelo libandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba abaphambili kwiinkqubo zobugebengu . Phakathi kwabo: abasolwa / abatyholwa, amaxhoba, abashushisi bangebucala, ummangalelwa wabameli kunye nommangali. Aba bathathi-nxaxheba - amaqela kwiinkqubo zobugebengu-zibandakanyeka kuzo zonke izigaba zenkqubo. Umthetho unikezela ngamathuba amaninzi okukhusela inkululeko kunye namalungelo abo.
3. Izifundo ezingenayo inomdla, kodwa zenze egameni lamacandelo kwiinkqubo. Eli qela libandakanya umkhuseli, abameli bamaxhoba, umshushisi wabucala, ummangali, abameli bamacala kunye nabachasayo, abasolwandle, abasolwalayo. Udidi olufanayo luquka abantu abenza egameni labantwana, abachaphazelekayo ngokupheleleyo okanye abangenalo inxaxheba kule nkqubo.

Ukumela

Ukukhuselwa kwentlalontle kunye namalungelo abathathi-nxaxheba kwiintlobo zolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nomdla ngamnye kule nkqubo kuqinisekiswa ngokubandakanyeka kwabantu abenzayo egameni labo. Ubume lusebenza njengeziko lemthethweni elibonelela ngamathuba akhethekileyo okanye uxanduva lweqela elithile lezakhiwo. Abanye bala bantu baxhomekeke ekunikezeni uncedo olusemthethweni lwezomthetho. Abanye abameli bayabandakanyeka kwinkqubo ngesiseko semimiselo yomthetho.

Iintlobo

Kulo mgaqo-mthetho wezobugebengu, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zokumela: isivumelwano kunye nomthetho. Kwimeko yokuqala, izifundo zingena kwisivumelwano. Ukumelwa komthetho kubandakanyeka inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ngokubhekiselele kumalungiselelo asekwe kwimimiselo yolawulo. Egameni labangqina, abatyholwa, abagwetywe, abagwetywayo okanye abagwetywe kwinkqubo yabameli. Ngokwamacandelo 45 kunye no-55 weNkqubo yeNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho, abameleli bomshushisi wabucala, ixhoba, abachasayo kunye nabameli basemagunyeni bangaba ngamagqwetha. Ukusebenza ngokukhusela iimfuno zezifundo ezibandakanyeka kwinkqubo, abanye abantu abagunyazisiweyo ngumthetho banelungelo. Ngokuhambelana nesigqibo sobulungisa boxolo, ummeli wexhoba, abamangalelwa ngabammeli / abasemthethweni, abashushisi bangebucala bangaba nye kwiintsapho okanye umntu ofake isicelo sakhe sokwamkelwa kwezi zivumelwano.

Ukukhusela imfuno yeendidi ezithile zabemi

Kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kweenkululeko kunye namalungelo kwabantwana kunye nabantu abangakwazi ukwenza ngokuzimeleyo kwinqanaba lomqondo okanye lomzimba. Ngokwezimiselo, abameleli babo babandakanyeka ukukhusela iminqweno yabo (kunye nomthetho). Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imimiselo yomthetho wenkqubo ichaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabanyanzelekileyo kula bantu kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinxulumene nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ngabantwana. Umgaqo ohambelana nawo ubeka iSiqendu 48 soMthetho weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho. Abameli bezomthetho ba:

1. Abazali.
2. ITrasti.
3. Abazali abazithandayo.
4. Guardians.
5. Abameli bamaziko apho umntwana omncinci.
6. Amabhunga oLawulo kunye ne-trusteeship.

Abantu abenza egameni labamangalelwa / abachasayo, amaxhoba, abashushisi bangebucala, banandipha amalungelo afanayo enkqubo njengamashishini abo abamele. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabafundi bodwa akubaphuli ithuba lokutsala abemi ukukhusela iimfuno zabo enkundleni.

Izifundo - imithombo yobungqina

Eli candelo liquka:

1. MaNgqina.
2. Iingcali.
3. Iingcali.

Aba bantu bangaphandle kweentlobo ezixoxwe ngentla. Oku kubangelwa ukuba ubungqina bommangalelwa, ukulimala, ukusola, ukugwetywa, ukuhlawulelwa, abashushisi bangebucala kunye nabanye abemi nabo benza njengendlela yobungqina. Kubaluleke kakhulu izigqibo zeengcali kunye neengcali. Benza njengesiqinisekiso okanye ukuchithwa kwezigqibo ezenziwa ngexesha lophando. Ngaphambi kwezi zifundo, inkundla iphakamisa imibuzo ethile. Isiphetho seengcali / iingcali sisebenza njengobungqina obongezelelweyo, apho igunya lokuphenya liqwalasela xa kukhutshwa isigqibo sokugqibela. Ngokumalunga namangqina, banokutsaliswa bobabini ngokutshutshiswa kunye nokukhusela. Ngenxa yoko, inkundla inikwe isikhalazo esifanelekileyo. Bonke abantu ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo bayalumkisa malunga noxanduva lobubungqina bobuxoki, kunye nelungelo lokungqina ubungqina malunga nezihlobo kunye nabo.

Ukukhuthaza amaziko kunye nabasebenzi

Olu hlobo lwabathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo lubonwa njengezona zininzi. Iquka, umzekelo:

1. Amaziko okulungiswa kolawulo, ubukhokeli babo.
2. Izibhedlele zonyango kunye neengqondo, ukuphathwa kwazo.
3. Uyaqondakala, unobhala, njl.

IiNtloko zee-arhente ezizodwa zibandakanyeka kwinkqubo kwiimeko ezichazwe ngumthetho. Inkundla yenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo malunga nale nto.