Ummangalelwa (CCP): Inkcazo. Amalungelo ommangali. Isiqendu 46 soMthetho weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho

Bonke abantu abaye bathatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zomthetho (inkundla yezobugebengu) ngandlela-thile inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zomthetho zobugebengu. Kwiincwadi zanamhlanje zengxelo yomthetho kulo mcimbi kukho imbono ethile. Iingcamango zomntu othabatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yezobugebengu kunye nesihloko sayo sifana.

Umtyholwa, ummangali, abakhuseli babo kunye nabameli, kunye nommangali wommiselo ngokubhekiselele kuMgaqo-nkqubo weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-mthetho ngabachaphazelekayo.

Ukumangalelwa kwilingo lolwaphulo-mthetho: umxholo

Ingcamango epheleleyo yomtyholwa inikwe inxalenye yokuqala yoBugcisa. 46. Ngokwalo mgaqo osemthethweni, lo mntu, apho amagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho angayikrokreli nje yokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthile, kodwa nakwizenzo ezithile zenkqubo. Oku kunokuba ngumlinganiselo wokuthintela (ngokubhekiselele kwiCandelo le-100), phambi kokuba kubekwe isityholo okanye ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho livulekele ukutshutshiswa kwamapolisa kunye noluntu, okanye ukuvalelwa.

Xa izixhobo zophando eziphambili (ukujika, isitatimenti, ukunxibelelana malunga nokuthunyelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokubhalisa ukuqinisekiswa kwazo ngumphenyi, umbutho wophando, umtshutshisi, umphandi) unokufumana ulwazi oluvumela umntu ukuba acinge ukuba isenzo sobugebengu senziwe ngumntu othile, Isigqibo sokumisela ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kufuneka sichazwe. Emva koko, lo mntu ukhonjiswe kuphela nje ngokuba "ummangalisa". I-CCP ibonakalisa le ngcamango ngokomthetho osemthethweni, ngengqondo emncinci, kwaye oku kufuneka kuthethwe ngengqondo.

Ukuba, ngelixesha leziko leenkqubo zobugebengu , akukho lwazi kumntu onjalo, kwaye luvela kuphela kwiphando lophando lokuqala, ngomqondo osemthethweni akuyi kuthathwa njengummangali.

Isimo somrhweba ngexesha

Qaphela ukuba ummangali (CCP RF ugxininisa oku) kwimeko yexesha elifutshane (elilinganiselweyo). Ngoko, ukuba uvalelwe kwaye uvalelwa entolongweni, ixesha lokuhlala phantsi kwalo alikwazi ukugqithisa iintsuku ezilishumi ngenxa yezona nxalenye zolwaphulo-mthetho, ezibonakaliswe kwiCandelo eliKhethekileyo ye-Code Criminal. Ngaphandle kwezenzo eziwela phantsi komsebenzi wesigebengu, ukulungiswa kwayo, uncedo ekuphunyezweni kunye nabanye. Kule meko, ixesha liye landa kwiintsuku ezingama-45 ukusuka kwimeko apho umlinganiselo wokunqanda ukhethwa. Ukuba akazange akhethwe phakathi kweentsuku ezimbini, ummangali (CCP, I-Article 94, inxalenye yesi-2) iya kukhutshwa, kwaye emva kwalolu nyathelo, umntu onjalo akayi kuphinda aqwalaselwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuvelisa uphando, isimo singagcinwa de kube umtshutshisi enze ityala.

Njengabanye abathathi-nxaxheba, ummangali kwisilingo sobugebengu akanalo kuphela imisebenzi ethile, kodwa namalungelo. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi.

Unelungelo lokufumana ulwazi malunga nento ekhankanywayo

Oku, mhlawumbi, yiyona nto ibalulekileyo kunye neyona ndawo iphezulu. Ukufumana nje isimo esinjalo, umntu unelungelo lokukwazi ukuba yintoni na into ayicingayo. Isaziso esifike ngexesha sixanduva lomntu oqhuba uphando lokuqala. Unokuyizalisekisa ngeendlela ezininzi:

• Ukubonelela umntu ngenkopi yesigqibo (ukuqinisekiswa ngokuqinisekileyo) isigqibo sokumisa inkundla yezobugebengu kuye, ebonisa izizathu nezizathu zokwamkela esi sigqibo, kunye nemithetho yomthetho wobugebengu, ngokusekelwe kuyo;
• Isiboniso sezizathu kunye nezizathu zokuvalelwa kwirekhodi lokuvalelwa;
• Isalathiso kwisigqibo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwesilinganiselo esithile sokuthintela ngokumalunga nomntu ngaphambi kokuba amlethe isigwebo esisemthethweni, ulwaphulo-mthetho apho akrokrelwa khona.

Kufuneka ukhunjulwe ukuba ummangali unelungelo (iSahluko 46) ukufumana iikopi zala maxwebhu angentla (isisombululo, umgaqo-nkqubo). Ngaphezu koko, ukuhanjiswa kwamaxwebhu kufuneka kwenziwe ngeeyure ezingama-24 ukususela ekuphumeni kwabo okanye ukubhaliswa.

Unelungelo lokungqina okanye ukungavumi ukufaka ubungqina

Umthetho uvumela umntu ocelwa ukuba enze isenzo sobugebengu ukunika ubungqina kunye nokuchazwa malunga nokusola ngaye. Unako ukulahla le nyathelo. Kwimeko yokuqala, umntu uxwayiswa ukuba bonke ubungqina bakhe kwixesha elizayo bangasetyenziselwa kwimeko yobugebengu njengobungqina, nangona kukho ukungavumi kubo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho okungafaniyo. Ukuba ummangali uyala u bungqina bakhe, kwaye ngexesha lokunikezelwa kwabo, umkhuseli wayengekho, i-CCP ayibali enkundleni.

Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, lo ngumntu onelungelo, kodwa kungekhona umsebenzi wakhe. Umrhwebhisi akasithwali ngokupheleleyo uxanduva lokufumana ulwazi olungamanga okanye ukwenqaba ukungqina. Umthetho-mthetho uthathe ingqalelo ukuba indlela enjalo iya kuba yona nto iphezulu. Uxanduva lobubungqina bobuxoki lunokuyichukumisa umntu ukuba afune ukunyanzelisa ngokwalo mgaqo owaziwayo: "Kwizinto ezimbini ezimbi, kufuneka ukhethe okuncinci."

Ilungelo lokukhusela

Ummangali unelungelo lokuba nomkhuseli. I-CCP ivumela iinkonzo kunye noncedo ukuba zisetyenziswe ukususela ngexesha apho ukuvalelwa kwenzelwe ukusukela, ukususela ngexesha eliye laqaliswa ngayo ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho kumntu, kunye nezinye izenzo ezenziwe kwinqanaba lotshutshiso-mthetho.

Unelungelo lokubonelela ubungqina kwimeko

Isiqendu 46 kumhlathi 4 weSiqendu 4 sinika ummangali ilungelo lokubonelela ubungqina. Inokuphunyezwa ngokwenene ngokunikela ubungqina okanye ngokubonelela ngamalungu ophando okanye umtshutshisi ngezinto eziphathekayo ezichaphazelekayo kwimeko. Ingaba ngamaxwebhu ahlukeneyo, izinto, izinto ezilalelwayo kunye nevidiyo, njl. Qaphela ukuba eli lungelo liyakuthandwa ngabanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zeCCP.

Unelungelo lokuvakalisa isikhalazo kunye nemingeni

Ngaphantsi kwesikhalazo kwi-jurisprudence siqonde isicelo esisemthethweni, ukumelwa malunga nento ethile. Ummangali angathumela izikhalazo kungekuphela kokuqokelela ubungqina obutsha okanye obongezelelweyo ngophando okanye ekuqinisekiseni iziphathamandla eziza kumgweba, kodwa zifuna ukuba iinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezichasene naye zipheliswe, kunye nokubonelela ngamathuba okumazi naziphi na iinkcukacha zenkqubo, izenzo kunye njalo njalo. Kwimeko nayiphi na imeko, ihlala ixhomekeke kuhlolwe ngumphandi. Ummangali okanye umcebisi wakhe wokhuselo akanakuze anqatshelwe ukwenza izenzo zophando, kubandakanywa uphando lwamangqina okanye ukuhlolwa kweengxelo, ukuba ngaba iimeko apho isicelo eso saqalwa sichaphazelekayo.

Umngeni, okanye ngamanye amagama, isicelo sokususwa komntu othabatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezivela kwimeko, unokuthiwa kumntu okhuselayo, ingcali, ingcali, uguquli, umgwebi, umtshutshisi, uphando, uphenonongo kwiimeko ezingabandakanyekanga ukuthatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwizenzo zophando

Amalungelo afanelekileyo ommangalisa ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwizenzo (ukuphanda), ezenziwa kwisicelo sakhe (esichazwe nguye, umkhuseli okanye ummeli wezomthetho) ngemvume yomphenyi okanye umphandi, ukuba azi kakuhle iinkqubo zezi zenzo, ezenziwe ngokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kunye nokuzithoba kwabo Iingxelo, zichongiwe kwinqanaba 8, 9 ngomzuzu 4.

Umthetho awunqandeli, ngelo xesha, ummangali ukuba athathe inxaxheba kulezo zenzo zophando, ezenziwa kwinqanaba labanye abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo okanye ngamalungu ophando lokuqala.

Unelungelo lokubhala isikhalazo

Bobabini ummangali kunye nomtyholwa banelungelo lokubhala kwaye bafake isikhalazo malunga nokungenzi okanye izenzo kunye nezigqibo zobulungisa, abaphandi kunye nabaphandi, umtshutshisi. Iingcamango zomthetho zobugebengu-125 kunye ne-126 zisetyenziselwa ukubonelela umsebenzi wokukhusela kubantu abakhankanyiweyo. Bakhombise inkqubo yokufaka isikhalazo, kunye nenkqubo yokuqwalaselwa kwayo ngamagunya agunyazisiweyo, enika inkqubo enyanzelisayo yokunika impendulo (isaziso sesiphumo soviwo kunye nesigqibo esithathwe).

Unelungelo lokuzisa izalamane

Ngesicelo somrhweba kwisithuba seeholide ezili-12 ukususela ngexesha lokuvalelwa, umphenyi, umcebisi okanye umtshutshisi kufuneka axelele esinye sezihlobo zakhe ezisondeleyo (ngokungabikho kwamanye abantu) malunga nalo, okanye unike ithuba elinjalo kuye. Ukuba ummangali ungumntu wesizwe okanye ummi welizwe elinye, le ngcaciso kufuneka ixelelwe kwi-ambassy (i-consulate) yaloo rhulumente.

Kuyo yonke imigaqo kukho ngaphandle. Kwale meko kwakhona. La malungelo ommangali (omdala) angaphula umthetho xa kuyimfuneko ukugcina inyaniso yokugcinwa ngasese kwimpumelelo yophando lokuqala. Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokuvunyelwa ngumtshutshisi.

Unelungelo lokutolika kunye nenkcazelo ngolwimi lwasekuhlaleni

Kufuneka ikhunjulwe ukuba iingcaciso kunye nobungqina besikrokrha azinakunikwa rhoqo ngesiRashiya. I-Code Procedure Code yinike le nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho ukuphunyezwa kwezi zenzo ngolwimi awazi kakuhle, okanye lwakhe. Kule meko, umphenyi kunye nomphenyi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba eli lungelo linokusetyenziswa, kubandakanywa nokutolika ngesiseko samahhala.

Ulwimi lwecala lolwaphulo-mthetho (ulwimi lolwimi okanye ulwimi lenye yezona zimeko zeRussian Federation) alunanto kule meko.

Ukuqulunqwa, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba ummangali weNkqubo yeNkqubo yoBuphulo-mthetho unelungelo lokuzikhusela kuzo zonke iindlela ezikhoyo kunye nezindlela ezingavunyelwe ngumthetho wobugebengu. Umzekelo, ilungelo lokufuna ngokukhululekile, ukufumana, ukuthumela nokuvelisa, ukusabalalisa ulwazi, ukucela uncedo kumajelo, kwimibutho yamalungelo abantu, njl., Ifakwe kuMgaqo-siseko.

Ukuvalelwa komsolwa

Ukuvalelwa yinkqubo yokunyanzeliswa kwenkqubo, esetyenziswe kumntu osolwayo ngumtshutshisi, umphenyi, ii-arhente zophando, uphando kuze kube ngamahora angama-48. Ingasetyenziswa xa isohlwayo solwaphulo-mthetho umntu akhankanywa ngalo kukuba ukungabi nkululeko, kwaye ukuba kukho enye yezizathu ezibhalwe ngezantsi:

• Umntu wabanjwa xa ulwaphulo-mthetho lwenziwa okanye kamva emva koko.
• Abazibonela ngamehlo kunye / okanye amaxhoba abhekisele kulo mntu njengomntu owenze ubugebengu.
• Kuloo ndoda, kunye naye, kwiingubo zakhe, kwindawo yokuhlala ifunyanwa imida yoluphulo-mthetho.

Kukho nemimiselo ethile yokugcinwa kwabantu abasecaleni lokwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho kwaye abangazange bafikelele kwiminyaka eyi-18. Yenziwe ingqalelo ingcaciso engentla. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-16 abenza ubugebengu ngokokuqala ngqa, bahlelwa njengabancinci nabaphakathi, abafumana isigwebo sokuvalelwa entolongweni.