Ingcamango of Science e Philosophy

Science - uhlobo lomsebenzi cognitive yabantu ejolise ekufumaneni kunye nophuhliso injongo, ezifanelekileyo kwaye ihlelwe kakuhle ulwazi malunga ihlabathi. Ebudeni beli msebenzi eziqokelelwe izibakala, uhlalutyo, zohlelo kunye buhlolwe ngokubanzi ngokusekelwe data ekhoyo, ulwazi olutsha, nto leyo evumela ukuba uqikelelo inzululwazi esekelezwe elizayo.

Ingcamango zenzululwazi bulumko yenye yeendawo ezibalulekileyo. Inzululwazi ke esisiseko onesimilo sokwazi behlabathi. Kuba umbono yentanda zehlabathi, kufuneka ube ingcamango ethile emalunga nenzululwazi, ukuba, ukwakha indlela inzululwazi yenzeka ukuba iyafumaneka, sinako nethemba ngenxa impumelelo yakhe.

Ingqiqo-bulumko nenzululwazi siquka ineziseko zayo iinjongo definition ideology (wenguqulo) izimvo ezintsonkothileyo nesigama emele isayensi, njl Oku kuquka iingxaki yokuziphatha zenzululwazi - inkqubo lwemithetho elawula ubudlelwane babantu kwinkalo yophando lwenzululwazi.

Nawuphi ideology data ngetsheki efunyenweyo empirically enxulumene intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu okanye uhlobo. Phantse ngamaxesha onke, inyaniso izaliswe iimpazamo. Ukukhangela le postulates ezizinzululwazi iindlela enokwehla Asiyonto ilula.

Ingcamango zenzululwazi bulumko uchazwa sphere zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, umsebenzi walo ongundoqo kukuba ukuphuhlisa ulwazi nobunyani ngendlela njongo. Inzululwazi luhlobo lokuqonda koluntu. Oku kuquka imisebenzi yokuqala ekufunyanweni kolunye ulwazi olutsha, ngokunjalo kanye udibaniso lonke ulwazi, ezo isiseko womfanekiso yehlabathi. Ngu inzululwazi baqonde amasebe eyahlukileyo ulwazi lwenzululwazi.

bulumko System Science yahlulwe zentlalo, zendalo, koluntu kunye nobugcisa. Zivela emva kwihlabathi lamandulo, kodwa njengoko le nkqubo yaqala ukuba imilo ngenkulungwane ye-16. Ekuhambeni uphuhliso layo, iye yaba amaziko zentlalo enkulu uluntu kuyimfuneko kwaye ufumana phezu umsebenzi wakhe nefuthe elikhulu.

Ngokwembali zabelwe amanqanaba ngamnye yophuhliso ifilosofi nesayensi. Olu qeqesho yentanda waqala ukuphuhlisa kunye imfundiso positivist. Elo xesha lokuqala kwabakho imfuneko engxamisekileyo ukuba ukufunda ulwimi, logic kunye neendlela ze zenzululwazi ngqo. Kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo njengoko ngxaki iphambili kolu phando zaye zabelwa ngezenzeko ezahlukeneyo, izihloko ezahlukeneyo ngazo yaye kwakungekho ubunye noluvo lokuba kufakwe umba yesayensi bulumko.

-Bulumko positivist (zontathu izigaba), umsebenzi engundoqo kwintanda-bulumko nenzululwazi kukuba ukuqonda uhlobo mbono yesayensi ngokubanzi, wenza imizamo zaye ukumisela ubume bayo, kuthetha kwendalo ulwazi. Ngeli xesha, kukho ingxaki sokwanda ulwazi lwenzululwazi.

Akumanqanaba ezilandelayo lokusekwa kwintanda-bulumko positivists nenzululwazi ngokwandileyo wemka isiqulatho eyona mbono yesayensi. imfundiso acwangciswe-positivist kwaphela umkile zibe ezikhona, ekushenxeni kude inzululwazi. Neopositivists waqhubeka bathembele empiricism. Bahambe baya intanda-logic ngenzululwazi. Postpositivists bazama ucalule impembelelo kuphuhliso inzululwazi phambili "uziqonda" (zenkcubeko, ngokomoya, zentlalo). Kweli nqanaba, inzululwazi sele iqalile ukuba basebenzisane kunye nommandla ongqongileyo kwezentlalo. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili inzululwazi waqala zobulumko isihloko ethembisayo kwaye unika umdla. Ulwazi neopositivists postpositivists kwaye kuhlala isebenza kude kube ngoku.

Kukho into enje njengoko ingxaki wefilosofi ngenzululwazi. Libhekisela kwingxaki ukukhula kolwazi lwenzululwazi, ukufundisisa ukuvela yenzululwazi kunye nophuhliso kuzo zonke izigaba zophuhliso lwentlalo. Kwintanda-bulumko nenzululwazi ijonge ekuphuhliseni izikhokelo bulumko kukulungisa le miba. Ingxaki engundoqo kwintanda-bulumko nenzululwazi na ingxaki ngemvelaphi ulwazi lwenzululwazi ngokwayo. Ngokubanzi, zonke iingxaki bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amathathu: nengxaki kwintanda-bulumko nenzululwazi, evela awohluke -bulumko; iingxaki phakathi kwenzululwazi; iingxaki yentsebenziswano phakathi bulumko nenzululwazi.