Indonesia Ngo Xvi V.

Kwi XVI leminyaka. Kwakukho amaziko amathathu aphezulu kwihlabathi lase-Indonesian: i-West-Indonesian, eyayimelwa ngabaphathi beSulumane baseSumatra kunye nePalacca Peninsula; IJavan, emele i-Majapahit ubukhosi kunye ne-Islamic state yaseMataram (kamva iMataram), iqela leentlanga eziseJava kunye nemimandla yalo kuxhomekeke ngasentla nakuma empuma yeJava; E-East Indonesia, emele iPhilippines, abantu bayo ukususela ngekhulu le-XVI. Kuphuhliswe kwiimeko ezithile kunye nobunzima bokuxhomekeka kwekoloniyali yokuqala.Indonesia kwikhulu le-XVI ....

Kubonakala ukuba imfuneko yentlalo-qoqosho yokuwa kwamakhosi kunye nokwakhiwa kwamaqela angama-monoethnic phakathi kwamacandelo e-ethno-nkcubeko aphezulu kummandla kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukukhula kwemikhosi evelisayo, eyayikhawuleza kwimimandla engaphambili. Isabelo semimandla apho umphakathi weklasi uzinzile ngokwawo uye wanda kakhulu. Ukuhambelana kwamadoda kunye nabasetyhini beentlanga ezahlukeneyo zase-Asiya kukhokelela ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko. Oku kunciphisa ukungafani kwinqanaba lokuphuhliswa phakathi kwemimandla eyimimandla yezolimo eMzantsi-mpuma ye-Asia, kwaye iyanciphisa indima yezithethe ezenziwe "kwinuclei" ekhethiweyo yeli nqanaba langaphambili.

Iinkonzo ezitsha ezazisasazeka emva kweengxaki zeengqiqo ze-13th-14 zathi, njengamazwe, ziphela kuphela kumazwe ase- South-East Asia (i-Theravada Buddhism ne-Islam kunye ne- Shafi'i Mashhab). Ngelo xesha, kwakungekho nto imfazwe kunye nabamelwane basemzantsi-mpuma, ngaphandle kwemfazwe enkulu yombuso waseChina waseMingeni kunye nelizwe laseVietnam (1407-1427), elahlekelwe yiChina, elide liye layeka umgaqo-mkhosi wezobukhosi kwi-Southeast Asia.

Ukukhula kwemveliso yabasebenzi kwezolimo, okubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezintsha kunye nobuchule be-agrotechnical, iintlobo ezitsha zezityalo kunye nezilwanyana, zenze izinto ezifunekayo zomsebenzi womjikelezo wezolimo ngentsapho enye, iyancitshisa kakhulu imfuno yoluntu oluxhasayo.

Ukukhula kwezixhobo zokunkcenkceshela zikarhulumente ezibandakanya ubuninzi belizwe elilungele ukulima umlimi lomeleze kwaye luphuhlise ngokuthe ngqo, olukufutshane noluntu, ludibana kunye nelizwe labasimili, apho amaziko oomasipala abuthathaka kakhulu. Ukuhambelana kwezizwe ezahlukeneyo zase-Asiya kwakhokelela ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko. Olu xhumo lwakhula ngokubanzi njengoko abantu bekhula bekhokela kule minyaka emininzi ukuhla kweyantlupheko kwiimeko zentlalo yabantu abakhululekileyo, ukuguqulwa kwezilwanyana ngokuzihlawula ngokuzithengayo, kunye nekarhulumente irhafu, ebonakalayo Umzobo kwidolophana, kwezinye iimeko - iyunithi ephambili yabemi abaxhatshaziweyo.

EIndonesia ngekhulu le-XVI.