"Mbumbulu Koran", Pushkin: lusaqhubeka. Lo mbongo "mbumbulu Koran"

Lo mbongo "mbumbulu Koran", abaninzi ingqalelo omnye imisebenzi ixakayo of Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Izicamango imbongi ezichaphazela isihloko kakhulu ezibuhlungu - zonqulo. Wazama ukubonisa umfundi abangaboniyo ukubambelela imfundiso, engaqondi eli ukholo ikhokelele disparagement zomntu ukuba umntu unako ukwqhatha yingcamango nje yabantu.

Imbali ukubhala umbongo 'mbumbulu Koran "(Pushkin)

Uhlalutyo umsebenzi kufuneka uqale kwimbali yokubhala kwakhe, ukuqonda iintshukumisa wembongi. Ekubuyeni kwakhe amakhonkco kumzantsi umsebenzi ebalulekileyo Pushkin neminyaka engama-2 ngaphezulu lo gama kude ixesha elubhacweni self-ebekwe kwilifa usapho Mikhailovskoye. Ngokuzithandela kuba look emva ulukhuni ngoko uyise.

Alexander umntu ngengqondo bebuza yaye nje ukufumana nesithukuthezi entolongweni abakwazanga. Waba umsebenzi olungqongqo, ukutyelela abamelwane endibulala ukuba sithethe. Bona abantu abanyanisekileyo, kunye ezininzi imbongi wenza ekhululekile kwaye Ngokuce ukuthetha izihloko ayilunganga kwezopolitiko. Kuquka - zenkolo.

Iingxoxo kunye Praskovya Osipova

Mhlawumbi interlocutor kakhulu umdla Pushkin waba Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, umninindlu ummelwane. Yena wayethanda amazwi lwemibongo Pushkin malunga nendalo, umbongo enzulu. Lo mfazi ingqondo omuhle nxanelwe ulwazi kunye, ukuba uyakholiswa wembongi, kakhulu zonqulo. Amaqela sichitha iiyure disputirovat eshushu ngokholo. Ekugqibeleni, Pushkin wagqiba ukuvakalisa iingxoxo zabo vesi, zibhaliwe ngo-1825, isahluko-9 umbongo "mbumbulu Koran".

Uhlalutyo Pushkin unqulo eyakhelwe phezu ukutyhilwa izicatshulwa ze Koran - incwadi engcwele Muslims. isahluko ngasinye isekelwe phezu kwimbali oluthile ubomi nezenzo uMprofethi Muhammad. Ayaziwa ukuba umbhali qwa Praskovya Alexandrovna waqiniseka ukuba ilungile, kodwa shushu ingxoxo phakathi noogxa bakhe nje ephunyelelweyo.

A Isishwankathelo esifutshane

Nangona umbhali ngobulumko njengoko nokuqiqa ezibalulekileyo bakhetha ukholo angaphandle, umsebenzi yabangela impendulo resonant. Kwakukho isihlandlo enqabileyo xa kwakukho kwizibhambathiso esicacileyo kunye nezigqibo wembongi. Ngaba ekutshintsheni Pushkin bacinga? "Mbumbulu Koran" kuchaphazela iimvakalelo zesini kakhulu ukuba zibalulekile abathembekileyo.

Ekuqaleni, oku kudalwa imisebenzi umprofeti. Kodwa oko kwanele ukuba bacinge malunga netekisi, yaye kucaca ukuba ibali lingantoni ngabantu abaqhelekileyo abasoloko benyanzeleka ukuba bathobele iimfundiso ongayaziyo kanye eyamkelekileyo imithetho Inkolo yamaMuslim. Kutheni Islam qhawe kufuneka kubhunyula lwekrele baza kufa ngaphandle kokwazi ezibangela imfazwe, ngethemba lokuba "Banoyolo bewile edabini?" Kuba apho iintombi Muslim ukuba 'abafazi nihlamba umprofeti ", Kukuze engafuni?

Emva kokufunda iba leitmotif ecacileyo isebenza "mbumbulu Koran". Vesi ilumkisa ngelithi ngelixa ngamakholwa enyaniso rhoqo landela imiyalelo, kukho abantu abasebenzisa izivamvo zabo ukuze kuphunyezwe iinjongo yabo egwenxa.

Pushkin - i ongakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo?

Suk 'ume, woyika "- iminxeba le mbongi. "Ngeli wonke impendulo personal" - into enjalo lead ingxabano awuvumelani yesibheno peremptory Pushkin. Kuyo kukho amakholwa efanelekileyo esithi: ". KuKesare yintoni na zikaKesare nakuThixo oothixo"

Ukubhala 'mbumbulu Koran ", uhlalutyo Pushkin na ukuphikisana kokusingqongileyo ekundleni yonqulo. Bonke abantu baqonda intsingiselo yimizekeliso yetekisi. Nangona sithetha Islam, ithetha nayiphi na ukukholwa (kuquka Orthodox). Engathandi wacinga kuvela ukuba Alexander - kubukho (as in ngamaxesha tsarist yayigqalwa isiphendu). Noko ke, akunjalo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Pushkin ukuhlonipha abantu bonqulo yaye Unyamezele zonke iicawa. Wayekholelwa ngokuqinileyo ukuba unqulo imfama umntu ukuba enze ukukhanya kokomoya. ukuzazi yena Kanye njengokuba umntu, unako ukufikelela kuThixo.

Ukuthobela okubhaliweyo mbongo yeKoran

Ngoko ngaba uhlaziye njani? "Mbumbulu Koran" phakathi ababhali ingqalelo nzima umsebenzi, kuba okubhaliweyo isekelwe kwi-Koran. Akwanelanga ukwazi izicatshulwa kwiincwadi ezingcwele Pushkin ezisetyenziswayo xa kubhalwa umbongo, oko kufuna ukuqonda nezo Islam. Izifundo ezininzi lubonise ukuba ezinye quatrains lulandelayo ngokuchanileyo anengqondo Koran kwaye zisekelwe phezu utoliko oluchanileyo isicatshulwa sale ncwadi. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ngaba Pushkin, kodwa engade inkululeko utoliko itekisi engcwele amaSilamsi, ingakumbi ukusukela umongo walo mbongo ithetha utshintsho, ukuvuselelwa, kukulahlwa kwawo kwiimfundiso.

Ukuze siqonde ukuntsonkotha okukhulu utoliko umsebenzi, musa ukukhangela yonke ivesi Pushkin kaThixo "mbumbulu Koran", yaye ubuncinane ezinye quatrains. Cycle, ebhalwe 1824, lenziwa izahluko ezisithoba. Uzityhila oko kwisahluko sokuqala, "Xa isibini engaqhelekanga, kwaye ...", eliquka quatrains ezine:

Ndifunga sibini, yaye,

Ngekrele kunye nelungelo emfazweni,

Ekho ikhwezi lokusa,

Xa umthandazo busuku:

Hayi, mna andizange kwahlukana nawe.

Ngubani omnye emthunzini aphole

I wangena, intloko yakhe yothando,

Kwaye ifihlakele ukusuka silindile Gonen?

Andiqondi eh wankcenkcesha unxano ngemihla

Nabachithi amanzi?

Andikho ulwimi lwakho kuphela isixhobo sinikwe

Ngamandla ezingqondweni?

Yomelela ke, wowudela inkohliso,

Landela ezindleleni zobulungisa kokukhona ndiziphendulela ngomxhelo owonwabileyo,

Uthando iinkedama and Quran wam

Bambathe ukugubha ukukhala indalo.

Uhlalutyo ngokubanzi kwisahluko sokuqala

Kakuhle eli izazi imbongi gqitha ukufumana imigca ezibhalwe Pushkin afanayo, neyama yeKoran. Oko kukuthi, ukufumana ukuba naziphi na iinkcukacha ezigcinwayo wayekholose imbongi ekuvezeni imisebenzi "mbumbulu Koran". Vesi kunzima ukufunda, ngoko iingcali umdla kakhulu.

Okokuqala, kwafumaniseka ukuba imifanekiso usembindini kwisahluko sokuqala: "Gonen ibukhali-elizayo" yaye "ngamandla" "lwe iingqondo" kolwimi - abekho kwi Qur'an. Okwa uxhomekeko oye lokuqala kunye kwisitanza sokugqibela mbongo ukusuka Quran ayikho kwamathandabuzo. Njengoko ukuba silindele umdla abagxeki kulo msebenzi, Pushkin washiya amagqabaza ambalwa, nto leyo yanceda iingcali wenza uhlalutyo yechaneke ngaphezulu. "Mbumbulu Koran", umzekelo, iqulathe inqaku indinyana yokuqala imbongi: "Kwezinye iindawo iKurani, Allah ufunga iimpuphu eemazi zamahashe, isiqhamo komkhiwane, inkululeko eMecca. Strange olu jiko buciko ifumaneka zonke ngcaciso kwi-Koran. "

Kufutshane intloko kwisitanza sokuqala 89. iMithetho, uThixo unika ukuba umbongo umprofeti wakhe, saa kulo lonke kweQur'an. Bonke abaphandi imisebenzi waphawula ulwalamano olukhethekileyo kunye kwisitanza sokugqibela kumgca wokuqala quatrain yesibini kunye izahluko 93 Quran: "akazange kukushiya ... INkosi wakho Uze ungamcudisi lenkedama, musa kwiimvuthuluka akukho otemli lokugqibela ukusuka amahlwempu, ndivakalisa kuni ubabalo lukaThixo." Kwindinyana 2, no-3 unxulumano ngqo Quran boni njalo.

Uzama uku quatrain yesibini umbongo "Siyixelise Koran" (Pushkin)

Uhlalutyo yale nxalenye kubangela iingxaki. Kuyo sithetha malunga ukubaleka engummangaliso intshutshiso, kodwa pushkinoveda wayengekafiki ukuqonda, ukuze amanye amabali yeKoran kuyinyaniso. Tomashensky umphengululi, umzekelo, ababesithi itekisi efanayo kwi Koran apho. Noko ke, oogxa bakhe bonisa ukuba kwi-Quran kukho izikhombisi ukufumana Sukela, umzekelo:

• Isahluko 8: "UThixo nomprofeti wakhe wayiqhubela othembekileyo ukubeka ekhuselekileyo waza wathumela phantsi imikhosi ukohlwaya, amaRoma."
• 9 Isahluko: "Kamsinya nje bobabini wazimela emqolombeni, uMohammed wandithuthuzela minion wakhe," Musa setuy, uThixo unathi ".

Noko ke, intshutshiso, amaRoma Mohammed eyafakwa iKurani ngokufutshane kakhulu. Fomichev wacebisa ukuba Pushkin ukuba usebenzise biography of Muhammad yeKoran, ziguqulelwe French, Dushkin ezifumaneka kwithala leencwadi. Eli phetshana lichaza kwezinye ngokweenkcukacha indlela Muhammad kunye neqabane lakhe wazifihla emqolombeni, ngoxa kokubaleka iMecca, kwaye ngokungummangaliso uThixo wamvusa emnyango emthini mqolomba. Ukhangela kwi emqolombeni, wabona ukuba emnyango cobwebby yakhe nokuba amaqanda nehobe elinye ixesha apho, abatshutshisi baye bagqiba ukuba kudala kuye kwafika akukho namnye nezipasiweyo.

Ubunye yeeNkolo?

Mhlawumbi vesi Pushkin kaThixo "mbumbulu Koran" Kunzima ukutolika, ngenxa yokuba imbongi ingene umsebenzi lavo hayi kuphela yeKoran kodwa zeTestamente eNdala. Emva Pushkin ukuhlonipha zonke iicawa. Amazwi "neentshutshiso Zorka" zisikhumbuza elinye ekulandeleni - intshutshiso likaFaro baseYiputa, uMoses kunye nabantu bakhe ebudeni imfuduko eYiputa.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba xa kuyilwa kumbongo wakhe Pushkin wayebhekisela bali neyeBhayibhile ekudibaneni kuLwandle oluBomvu, nokuchonga uMprofeti Mohammed umprofeti uMoses. Izizathu zale ukuchongwa sele ebekwe phantsi kwi-Koran, apho uMoses ubonwe umanduleli of Muhammad: rhoqo Allah isikhumbuza Mohammed komanduleli yakhe enkulu, umprofeti wakhe wokuqala - uMoses. Akukho kwenzeka ukuba ethi "Eksodus" apho isenzo uMoses wachaza, avuke izifundo ezininzi abolekwe eBhayibhileni ukuya Koran.

Analysis quatrain wesithathu

Umgca wokuqala lo quatrain abaphandi ngamazinga kunye ivesi ye-11 yesahluko 8 Koran: "Musa ukulibala ... kako ezithunyelwe amanzi avela esibhakabhakeni kokuhlanjwa kuni, ukuze izenze kwaye basinda diyavola ulunya". Noko ke, Pushkin kufikwa ukuba uve kuthe ngco kuwe, hayi ukuhlanjululwa 'amanzi entlango, kunokuba amanzi, owathunywa evela emazulwini.

Mhlawumbi Pushkin bazoya kwenye isithethe: kanye kwindlela phakathi Medina kunye Damaskom Magomet Kwakunzima athulule-emele amanzi ukomisa esihlambo; kodwa ngokuyigalela umva uze ujike ube ngumthombo otyebileyo Napo yonke impi. Kodwa iKurani, esi siganeko ayikho. Ngenxa yoko, inani labaphandi kuthelekiswa kumgca wokuqala Kwisitanza sesithathu kunye ibali odumileyo yebhayibhile indlela uMoses bayiseze ebantwini, ngenxa unxano entlango, nokubetha ngentonga ngamatye, ukusuka apho emthonjeni wamanzi, kunjalo uThixo abemwisele umthetho ngako. Ku Qur'an, esi siganeko olukhankanywe kabini (Isahluko 2 no 7).

Kodwa - iBhayibhile?

Makhe siye emva prehistory. Yeyiphi bafuna Pushkin? "Mbumbulu Koran" wazalwa iimbambano umninimhlaba Osipova malunga impembelelo yonqulo iingqondo zabantu. Imbongi kwivesi wavakalisa umbono wakhe. Mhlawumbi Pushkin kwazithathela ingqalelo ukuba Osipova amabali kufutshane yebhayibhile, okanye wakufumanisa umdla ukudibanisa iinkonzo eziliqela, okanye ukubonisa ukuba zonke iinkonzo ezifanayo kuhlala.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba xa besebenza oluthi "mbumbulu Koran" kwi Pushkin kukho imfuneko ukuze eBhayibhileni. "Ndisebenza kuba ubuqaqawuli Koran" - Pushkin wabhalela umzalwana wakhe ileta, leyo malunga amanani yokuqala ngoNovemba 1824. Kamva, kwi-20 kuNovemba, wacela umninawa wakhe, ukuba athumele kuye incwadi, "IBhayibhile, iBhayibhile! French kunye neendlela. " Kuyabonakala ukuba, kumjikelo yokusebenza Pushkin athimba njenge mibala bamaSilamsi kwibhayibhile.

isiphelo

Abayithandayo yemibongo ephefumlelwe lwamazwi yemibongo Pushkin malunga ngothando, begubha kunye nohlobo ezimibalabala. Kodwa Pushkin, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ummi,-sobulumko, nzulu ngezinto. A fighter ingcinezelo, ubundlobongela, ingcinezelo. Imveliso ye 'mbumbulu Koran "sasezwa umoya nenkululeko, embiza ngokuba" Vuka, nibasekele! "