Indlela wavala nentlaka epoxy? Ukusebenza epoxy resin

Igama elithi "epoxy" yaziwa phantse wonke. Kodwa resin epoxy, isicelo yinto exhaphakileyo namhlanje, i uhlobo nentlaka zokwenziwa. Yavela 50. Kungekudala leminyaka edlulileyo yaye yaphinda yathandwa ngoncedo iimpahla zazo ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Namhlanje, emahlamvini epoxy zisetyenziswa ekuveliseni mveliso nendlu. izicelo anokubakhona ngala sanda ngenxa kuphuhliso nemixube ngcono iimpawu.

inkcazelo epoxy

Ngokutsho umchiza ukwakhiwa epoxy intlaka - a compound oligomeric zokwenziwa. Ezi izinto ezifunwayo phantse kuzo zonke iinkalo zoshishino. kusetyenziswa i ezamahala Ifom epoxy, kodwa ngokusebenzisana yiarhente enganyangekiyo kungabonakala iipropati ezizodwa emva polymerization reaction. Ukuba arhente epoxy nentlaka enganyangekiyo ukuqhagamshela nayo, le nto inokwenzeka:

• , Eqinile nzima;
• iimveliso ezithambileyo kunye luhlala;
• irabha-like izinto.

emahlamvini epoxy abanganyangekiyo izinto ezilandelayo:

• halogens;
• acid;
• alkalis.

Noko ke, ukuchithwa kwenzeka esters kunye acetone ngaphandle nokubunjwa film. Emva kokuphilisa ukwakheka epoxy intlaka ayikhuphi volatiles yawo kwaye shrinkage ayinamsebenzi.

Ingakumbi epoxy resin yokuzalela

Ukuba esazibuza ukunyibilikisa njani epoxy, ufanele wazi ukuba ukungabikho okanye ngaphezu ukunyanga arhente ekwakhiweni nga ichaphazele umgangatho Polymer, ngoxa ukumelana ubushushu, kodwa amandla ayo lifinyele, ukukwazi ukulwa iikhemikhali kunye namanzi zigcinwe . Ukuba hardener kongezwe kwi imali enganelanga, lexi kusenokuba sticky ngenxa nentlaka engadityaniswanga.

Phambi ukuxuba le resin epoxy, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba hardener kwemfuneko zipalini akhululwe kumphezulu Polymer ngexesha lomsebenzi. Kuba iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo icandelo siyanyangeka kunye nentlaka zisetyenziswa etyhutyha ezahlukeneyo, oku zingafumaneka kule ncwadana. Xa kuziwa iikhompawundi mihla, umlinganiselo yeyona ngokuqhelekileyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1 ukuya 2 okanye 1: 1.

Izincomo ukufuya epoxy nentlaka

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukholelwa ukuba xa usebenzisa hardener ngevolyume ngaphezu norm reaction polymerization kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungathathwa elahlekisayo. Indlela elula ukukhawulezisa inkqubo kukwandisa iqondo lobushushu umxube reaction.

Ukuba ufuna ukukhawulezisa amaxesha inkqubo kathathu, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka kwandiswa ukuya kwi-10 ° C. Ukuba uvusa umbuzo ukunyibilikisa indlela epoxy, ufanele wazi ukuba namhlanje baziwa iikhompawundi ezobuchwepheshe, ezo zililo ziqulathe accelerators ephilisa. Izakufunyanwa kwi iikhompawundi yokuthengisa, kwaye epoxy ukuba ziyahlala kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi. Faka elapha arhente kunye ubushushu kwisenzo umxube njengemiba ephambili echaphazela izinga polymerization.

Stud epoxy resin: ezaqanjwa kunye lobushushu polymerization ezahlukeneyo

Le resin epoxy inokuba nako ukuphiliswa kwiqondo lobushushu ukusukela kuma -10 ukuya +200 ° C, loo nto iya kuxhomekeka ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo nokwakheka. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyaziwa nentlaka ngokuba enganyangekiyo ashushu nabandayo. Ingqele uhlobo hardener kunye epoxy intlaka ngoyena usetyenziswa rhoqo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuhlangabezana sisincoko onjalo kuba kwiimeko wokwenziwa namandla eliphantsi, yaye apho unyango ubushushu ayamkelekanga.

Ukuze ufumane iimveliso aphezulu amandla ukuba abe nako ukunyamezela imithwalo aphezulu namaqondo obushushu, kwakunye sesichengeni kwimichiza, kusetyenziswa icandelo uhlobo ephilisa eshushu. iimolekyuli mesh obukhulu lasekwa ngo polymerization eshushu. Kwakhona, kukho abhalwa kunye oxides zabo, ezinako ukukulumkisela polymerize emanzini olwandle kunye neemeko nokufuma.

enkulu isicelo

izinto epoxy kwasasazwa namhlanje ehlabathini jikelele, aziwa ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Indlela emi ngayo ekusetyenzisweni kwezi zinto kwiminyaka yakutshanje unenzondelelo iinguqu ezibalulekileyo, kodwa ukusetyenziswa isesikweni kwiindawo ezininzi, phakathi kwabo:

• ifayibha glass buzane kunye negilasi nefayibha;
• enamathela ukuba zingangenwa;
• ukudalwa Ipeyinti kwemichiza-resistant;
• imveliso ngaphaya eqinileyo iimveliso fiberglass eziphathekayo.

Epoxy resin, ukusetyenziswa apho ngoku kakhulu eziqhelekileyo, asebenze njenge-arhente ukumithisa ukuba amacandelo lib kwi zombane, izithuthi, amasimi eyama-elektroniki kunye noshishino. Kulo mzekelo, ukwakhiwa kusetyenziswa ekuvelisweni fiberglass sobunjineli ngoomatshini kunye yokwakha, ukwakhiwa, iimeko kumasifundisane yokulungisa izinto umzimba imoto kunye fiberglass.

Ukusebenza epoxy intlaka yenziwa apho kukho imfuneko itywina iindonga kunye nemigangatho yamagumbi angaphantsi nezadunge. Sebenzisa kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto epoxy intlaka kunye neepeyinti kokokuhombisa umphandle nomphakathi lwezakhiwo, kwakunye ukumitha, nto leyo eza kunika zingangenwa izinto misindo kunye namandla yabo entsha, kufuneka yabelwe phakathi iinkuni kunye eziphathekayo.

ukuba irekhodi

Le resin epoxy unakho sisiseko izinto ngaphaya eqinileyo, nto leyo yenzelwa ngokwenza kwisixhobo sokubumba. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo le mveliso kusingathwa ngu indlela ngomatshini, ezifana: ukugaya ahlabayo. Isetyenziswa iimveliso fiberglass kwimisebenzi yoyilo, ishishini elektroniki lo, ukwakhiwa kunye nendlu.

Ukusebenza epoxy: ukulungiswa komhlaba

Ukusebenza kunye epoxy iquka imfuneko komhlaba ukulungiselela ngaphambi kokuba isicelo nokwakheka. Kuphela ke kuba nako ukuphumeza adhesion eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi wavala resin epoxy, okokuqala ukulungiselela umphezulu. Ukuze uqalise bamafutha kwisiseko. Phezu Makungabikho nentwana le oli kunye grease. Umphezulu ke icocwe kusetyenziswa kuphela okanye isepha olusebenzayo. Kubalulekile ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho isilungiseleli seglosi.

Le nwebu isuswe ukugaywa. imiphezulu Small kufuneka ilungiswe ngesandla, sebenzisa sandpaper ukuba oku. Linyanzele kwindawo isiseko isingathwa besila umatshini, kwaye uthuli iziphumo kufuneka zisuswe nge isicoci cleaner. Xa lemveliso fiberglass okanye emva komnye epoxy imigangatho self-sokulinganisa, ivanishi kwakunye iipeyinti ukutyabeka ngamnye olandelayo kufuneka kusetyenziswe kule nto eqina ngokupheleleyo, umaleko kusekho encangathi wangaphambili.

Ukuba ubuchwepheshe kunye neemfuno ukuya mvume imveliso igqityiwe, umaleko ephantsi, nto leyo isebenza zeendawana, kufuneka iqhezu encinane wafefa isanti. Emva kokuphilisa isanti kuya kufuneka ukususa nokusebenzisa umaleko entsha epoxy.

Lungisa isixa esikhulu nentlaka epoxy

Ukuba awuyazi iimpawu ezithile resin epoxy, ngoko udibana neengxaki ekwenziweni izinto ngobuninzi. Ngenxa yokwanda volume epoxy, isixa esikhulu ubushushu. Ukupheka resin amagwebu uya kuba amhlophe buthuntu. Zithako ayikwazi ukuba zikulungele ukusetyenziswa. diluents kunye nemixube ingongezwa ukunciphisa viscosity ukuya nentlaka. Nokuba ezincinane lamanani kungabangela ukuncipha amandla kunye nobushushu kweelana imveliso. Isiphumo uba exudation of diluent ukusuka Polymer, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuthotywa lo mbandela.

emahlamvini epoxy kwakunye arhente bapholisa azinamgaqo amanzi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ngoko ke ubume uba turbid yaye ulahlekelwa iimpawu zayo. Namhlanje yakhululwa emanzini epoxy. Ezo zililo ezifuyelwa ngamanzi Yek ukuphumeza kwiintsali. Epoxy resin kufuneka zixutywe plasticizer. Lo mxube yahlaliswa Akazifudumeza kancinci liyinyaniso xa usebenzisa DBP. Ekusebenziseni amaqo-1 ukwakheka kufuneka ugalelwe.

Kuba Ukuxutywa ngokucokisekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukubaqhelisa ukwakhiwa umlomo ezizodwa okanye lokuxhuba. Olinganise intlaka kunye plasticizer zikhethwa ngokuxhomekeke ductility efunekayo, kodwa kaninzi masilivakalise plasticizer isusela ukususela-5 ukuya kwi-10%. Lo mxube Kongezelelwa hardener. Le resin lupholisiwe ku +30 ° C, ukuthintela abilayo. inani ibhanile intlaka kunye hardener ivela njenge-1 ukuya kwi-10 Ukuphumeza uniform ngamanyala hardener kufuneka baqinisekise ukuxuba. Kungenjalo, ukwakhiwa uya owahlukeneyo, yaye kamva uya ilima.

resin wezandla

Lidla iinkosi zisebenza amanqaku ukusuka nentlaka epoxy. Le misebenzi kunye neengxaki ezithile. Imveliso kufuneka abe kulo ngaphaya kufuneka kubakho amaqamza. I ziyatyeba kwaye ephilisa umphezulu kufuneka zifane. Ukuba Ebubanzini phezu-2 mm, izinto sifakwa emva zomaleko eziphambili polymerization. Le resin unako engekabili iifom. Ukuba imveliso ahlukane, uhlobo iqatywe ngento ijeli petroleum okanye grease.

Idayi epoxy intlaka enze umbala imveliso. Emva kokugqitywa imveliso kugcinwa kwiqondo lobushushu ngentla kancinci lobushushu igumbi. Emva 3 chasa kuza enganyangekiyo polymerization ephambili phambi wona, emva kokuba imveliso kufuneka yothani ukukhawulezisa inkqubo ayengawokuphilisa iiyure ezi-6. Ukuba ugqiba ukuba enze umsebenzi wezandla ezenziwe epoxy yentlaka, ngoko, kuza kuba nako ukusebenzisa i ikhabinethi oveni okhethekileyo.

Kwiqondo lobushushu kwigumbi polymerization uya kuthatha iiveki ezi-2. Ukuba izithako wongeze triethylenetetramine, umphezulu ukuze ahlale ancamathelayo. imveliso uphose elizayo kufuneka ngomshini. Epoxy resin imveliso yasekhaya akukho nje ezifanele ukulahlwa iimveliso amakhulu, ngenxa yokuba enganyangekiyo ubukhulu eyahlukileyo kolwabelo olungalinganiyo.

Ukwenza umbala epoxy nentlaka

Idayi epoxy intlaka iza kubonelela ukwakheka ekhaya, zipeyintwe umbala ethile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukwabiwa efanayo bemveliso mbala ukusebenzisa amashumi surfactants. Nombala kunciphisa ingcaciso yale resin, ngamanye amaxesha itshintsha umbala, kwelizwi emnyama. Ukongeza mbala eya kukukhokela kufuneka wenziwe kodwa emva kokuba ukongeza amafutha.

iimpawu zobugcisa epoxy nentlaka nokwakhiwa Umzekelo uphawu ED-20

Epoxy resin, iimpawu ziza adweliswe ngezantsi, imela ulwelo bulubhelu yobusi-ezifana elinombala lula. Density kwi-20 ° C kokugquma imida 1,16-1,25 kg / m ^3. uqine ngu 40-90 MPA. Flexural amandla elilingana 80-140 MPA. amandla Compressive ngu 100-200 MPA.

Iqondo lobushushu polymerization yi-20 ° C nangaphezulu. Ukuba unomdla resin epoxy, olinganise umxube xa idityaniswe hardener kufuneka babe nomdla. Le yokugqibela kufuneka isetyenziswe isixa iinxalenye-7, ngelixa intlaka kongezwe kwi isixa okuyingxenye 1. Ixesha polymerization ziiyure 1.5 kuqamba. ukufakwa Water emva kweeyure ezingama-24 ilingana kumda ka 0.01-0.1%. ukumelana Ubushushu Ibanga 55 ukuya 170 ° C. amandla Impact yi 5-25 kJ / m ^2.

iimpawu eziphambili epoxy nentlaka

Phambi kokuba kulungiswe umbuzo apho ukuthenga epoxy, ufanele wazi kwizinto ezisisiseko. Phakathi kwezinye kufuneka inike ukumelana ephantsi genge, kwakunye zinetyhefu kakhulu ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa kunye nentlaka acrylic. Iimpawu nentlaka epoxy kubonisa ukuba ubume has a viscosity ephakamileyo, kufuneka zingasetyenziswa ngokusebenzisana izinyibilikisi. umxube inokuba shushu, okanye ongeze kwisinyibilkisi ukuthoba viscosity le nentlaka. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, le intlaka uya kuba fluid ngakumbi. Oko kusetyenziswa ibrashi okanye mqengqeleki, ngokukhawuleza ityalwa fiberglass kwaye kusichukumisa aneentunja ezifana kweenkuni.

isiphelo

Lidla abathengi ukuba bamangalisiwe malunga nalapho ukuya kuthenga nentlaka epoxy. Namhlanje, le nto inika ezahlukeneyo iinkampani, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufuneka kwenziwe evenkileni edityanisiweyo "Carbo" esiqhutyelwa eMoscow Volgograd emibuzo neememo, 42.