India yamandulo

Hindustan izwekazi wonqanyulwa, ungabikho lonke ihlabathi phantse kuzo zonke macala. Emantla kubhaliwe kuphela Pamirs kunye malayas, nakwelasezantsi - kolwandle, kumntla-mpuma - anemigxobhozo ivaleke, amahlathi ashinyeneyo kunye ezintabeni.

India kwi KumaXesha Aphakathi ukuba agxile ngabantu abeza evela emntla-ntshona, ngenxa ibekwe Afghanistan namhlanje, intaba idlula. Izwekazi ngokwendawo ehlukene kakhulu ngokucacileyo Deccan ihewu (South) kunye Indo-Gangetic Plain (North).

India yamandulo yayidume kwezolimo yayo kuphuhliswa. Ingakumbi afanelekileyo olu hlobo lomsebenzi yaba entilini iGanges kunye Indus. Kufuneka ke ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi nezitya komlambo noMongameli kwakunzima gqitha. Noko ke, Punjab na isango rhoqo noko apho basemzini eyangena entilini. sezulu izwekazi ikuvumela ukuba bahlanganisane ezimbini isivuno ngokwanelisayo zizityebi kulo nyaka. Noko ke, xa athe yinxalenye yommandla iinkanyamba, izikhukula, imbalela. Le ntlekele dooms abantu indlala.

India wamandulo kuhlala ngokwezizwe uhlanga Australoid. Aba bantu babehlala kummandla elalisakuba Indochina kumzantsi Iran. Kwi oweeneem nabo babehlala Caucasians. Baxubana bomthonyama, zibuye zibe imiqathango ubuhlanga nenkcubeko.

Bamalunga nama-7-5 BC. e. Indiya yakudala ukuya emntla ilawulwa izizwe Dravidians. Iilwimi ezi bezizwe zibandakanyiwe Nostratic macrofamily (kunye iilwimi Indo-yaseYurophu kunye nezinye). Le BC nkulungwane yesibini. e. India yamandulo umiwe Indo - Indo-Aryans. Ezi ubuzwe ku BC 1 leminyaka. e. Iba labemi ephambili phaya kuMntla Territories. Dravidoyazychnye sizwe yasiwa ngasezantsi phantsi yengcinezelo Aryans kwaye ngoko self-nokuhlaliswa, befunda inkoliso balapho.

Ukususela BC ngenkulungwane 7. e. ezihlanjeni ye-Indus kunye Saraswati imilambo baqalisa uphuhliso loqoqosho elinemveliso. Ngu ಪ್ರೀತಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ ndiyakuthanda yesi-3 wadala kwezi nkalo impucuko kuqala. Ngesayensi, nto yabizwa ngokuba Harappan okanye India. Impucuko yaziswa zokuhlala ezidolophini ukuba singqongwe ngeendonga, babekwa yezitena wapheka. Eyona projekthi inkulu ezi kwi Mohenjodaro kunye Harappa (ngoku ekuthiwa).

Zonke umzi, nokuba ubukhulu balo, ezahlukeneyo rhoqo isicwangciso part-mbini: sendaweni ephakamileyo ngumntu enqaba elunge ahlukane abaseleyo koqoqo yokuhlaliswa ekhethekileyo. Le isakhiwo ubonisa kwinqanaba lezikolo uphuhliso lwentlalo kunye inguqu ukuba uhlobo yokuqala sokumiswa. Xa zokuhlala wenziwa ukwahlulwa buxande ibe yindawo yokuhlala, nto leyo yayithontelene kakhulu. Umzekelo, kubemi Mohenjodaro zomyalelo eziliqela amashumi amawaka abantu. zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo (ngexesha) kwiqondo eliphezulu kakhulu sifeze - ogutyulayo kunye namanzi kwiindlela ezininzi eziphambili.

Dravidians wenza kunye nokwakhiwa omkhulu. Ingakumbi, bakha amadama enkulu, leyo eyenzelwe yokupaka inqanawa yaye baxhotyiswe nezitshixo.

Inani labemi wasebenzisa inkqubo yokubhala syllabic. Ngomhla kummandla yamandulo Indian yokunyibilikisa isinyithi yobhedu laphuhliswa kakuhle. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana ezininzi zamanzi. Oku kukhomba kuphuhliso ekuqaleni kobudlelwane kwipropati yabucala. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa kwinto yokuba kusekwe impucuko Indiya yaba lwangaphandle urhwebo, umhlaba nolwandle.

Religion of India yamandulo, inkqubo lwamaxabiso, sengqondo acacisa yi phakathi BC Ngenkulungwane yoku-1. e. Impucuko idibanisa isiqalo yequmrhu-collectivist yaye ngamnye-yaso. Ngamanye amazwi, intsingiselo wobukho bomntu ulonwabo kunye nokuzimela ubuntu, nto leyo, ayikwazanga ayinakufunyanwa ngokugqitha ngaphandle kuluntu lwakhe.