Indawo ephantsi komhlaba: iimpawu kunye neempawu. Indawo ephantsi kwamahlathi aseRashiya

Indawo ephantsi komhlaba ikhona kwiindawo ezisemntla naseMzantsi ze-hemispheres zomhlaba. Kulo bhanti kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemozulu, ezixhomekeka kakhulu kwimimandla yendawo. Iindawo eziphantsi komhlaba zifana nezantsi kwe-Australia, ngasenyakatho kunye nenyakatho ye-Afrika, kummandla wonxweme waseBalkans, kodwa baseRashiya.

Indawo ephantsi komhlaba

Imozulu yomhlaba ayifani. Kwezinye iindawo kukutshisa ngokungapheliyo, ezinye zihlanganiswe ngeqhwa eliphakade kwaye lihlaywe ngumkhuhlane, okwesithathu ukushisa okuninzi kunye nokufuma. Ngokusekelwe kwiziganeko zeemeko zemozulu, iinkalo ezininzi zeenkcubeko ziyaziwa kwihlabathi lethu.

Ibhanti ephantsi komhlaba ikhoyo nakwimimandla yeNyakatho neyasezantsi. Iqhubeka ukusuka kuma-degrees angama-30 kumntla we-latitude ukuya kuma-degrees angama-40 ngasentla, yinguqulelo phakathi kwebhanti epholileyo kunye ne-temperate. Bafunda iimpawu zendawo ephantsi komhlaba kwi-4 bakala.

Iimeko zebhanti zinqunywe zimbini eziphambili zomoya, zithatha indawo enye. Ebusika, zivela kwindawo epholileyo, zizisa ngokupholisa kunye nemvula, ehlotyeni umoya uvela kwiindawo ezitshisayo, uzalisa umoya ngokushisa.

Ngokuqhelekileyo amaqabunga alo mabhinqa athambileyo, ngeqondo lokushisa eliphakathi kwe +4 .. + 5 degrees. Imibala ebandayo yokubanda yenzeke kakhulu, kwaye amaqabunga ayedluli -10 degrees. Ihlobo le-subtropical zone litshisa, ilanga nelomile. Iqondo lokushisa liphakathi kwama-+20 degrees.

Iindidi eziphantsi komhlaba

Nangona ubukho bezinto eziqhelekileyo, imozulu yendawo ye-subtropical iyahluka kwimimandla eyahlukileyo. Ukongeza kwimimoya yangexesha lonyaka, lichaphazelwa yimimandla yendawo, kunye nokuba khona okanye ukungabikho kwamanxweme nolwandle. Ngaloo ndlela, ngaphakathi kwimizila ebunxwemeni, enomanzi, enomileyo neyomileyo iyahluka. Ziyahluka kwixabiso lemvula kwaye zikhoyo kwilizwekazi ngalinye.

Kwizinzulu zamapontinenti zikwahlula imimandla enezityalo ezinomileyo kulo nyaka. Phakathi kwemida yabo yimihlaba yeentlango, iindawo ezinqabileyo kunye namahlathi athile amahlathi, izihlahla kunye neengca.

Empuma nasempuma-mpa kweli lizwekazi, ukunyuka kwomswakama kwandiswe ehlobo, kwimvula ngaphandle kwemvula, kunye neemeko zokushisa kwangexesha zonyaka azikho. Imimandla yendalo engummandla wasemmpuma yimihlathi imelelwa ngamahlathi ahlanganisiweyo kunye nama-bamboo, ama-magnolias, iipinini, ii-oki, i-firs, intende; I-Broadleaf ihlathi eliqhekezayo-i-gemigilems, ne-ferns, i-bamboo kunye ne-lianas.

Kwinqanaba langasentshona yimimandla yamatropsi aphantsi kwamanzi kunye nemozulu yaseMedithera. Ubusika obumanzi kunye nobushushu obumileyo. Iindawo zehlathi ezinzima kunye nama-oki ahlala eluhlaza, iipini, ii-firs, i-junipers, imifuno kunye nezinye izityalo.

Indawo ephantsi kwamahlathi aseRashiya

KwiRashiya, ii-subtropics azibonakali. Uninzi lwensimu yalo ihlala kwindawo epholileyo, kwaye ngasenyakatho ihlanganisa iibhanti ze-subarctic ne-arctic. Kodwa kukho iindawo ezifudumeleyo, apho ngisho nasebusika zihlala zifudumele.

Indawo ephantsi komhlaba ohlala eRashiya inendawo esincinane kakhulu kwaye isalula elunxwemeni lolwandle oluMnyama. Iimeko ezinjalo ukusuka eSochi ukuya kwi-Anapa zenziwe ngenxa yeentaba nolwandle.

Iqonga laseCaucasi likhuselo lendalo, uhlobo lwesithintelo esithintela umoya obandayo ovela empuma nasenyakatho, kwaye ihlobo livalela ulwandle olwandle, lubavimbela ukuba bangadluli phambili kwilizwekazi.

Iintaba zaseCaucasus zenza umda phakathi kommandla ovuthayo ukusuka enyakatho kunye nommandla ophantsi komhlaba ovela kumantla. Ukusuka empumalanga ukuya entshonalanga, lo mahluko uqina ngenxa yokwanda kweentaba.

Imozulu kunye nohlaza kwiindawo eziphantsi komhlaba zaseRashiya

Iimeko zemvelo zoLwandle oluMnyama woLwandle lwaseRashiya ziyahluka kwimimandla eyomileyo ukuya kwiindawo ezinomdaka. Ukususela eTaman ukuya e- Anapa, isimo sezulu sinobuqhetseba, i-steppe. Kukho izikhukhula zezikhukhula kunye nezilwanyana ezinxweme, ngoko ke izilwanyana zininzi kakhulu emanzini.

Iindawo eziphantsi komhlaba ziqala ukusuka e-Anapa. Phantse kuTuapse, imozulu yiMedithera. Ebusika, kuninzi imvula iyawa. Iqondo lokushisa lonyaka liqala ukusuka kwi +12 ukuya kwi-14 degrees. Kule nxalenye yonxweme ukhulisa imifuno, iipitsundskie ipines, iziqithi zemijunipha, iiPrimeyin, iipistachios zasendle. Isimo sezulu silingana nobunxweme beBalkans okanye unxweme olusezantsi lwaseCrimea. Kwiintaba, izityalo zitshintsha kunye nokunyuka ukuya phezulu. Apho iintaba zingekho phezulu, iindawo ezibandayo ezivela kwilizwekazi ziyaqhubeka zifumana iingqungquthela. Badibana nomoya wolwandle ofudumele wonxweme, ukwenza umoya wendawo, iiburs. Xa i-bora iqhuma, kudla njalo kwenzeka ukuba iindubhu, iindubhu kunye neziphepho.

Ukusuka kwi-Tuapse, indawo ephantsi komhlaba emanzi iqala, efana nemozulu yonxweme yaseGeorgia, i-Abkhazia, uColchis. Kule ndawo iintaba ziphezulu, ngoko umqobo ovela kwimimoya uthembeke ngakumbi. Kwiintlambo ezisentshonalanga kunyaka wonke, ukufika ku-3000 mm yemvula iyawa. Le yindawo enomdaka kunxalenye yeYurophu yehlabathi.

Kwimida yonxweme kakhulu-ukuya kuma-2000 mm / ngonyaka. Kulo mmandla kukhula amahlathi amaninzi ahlala eluhlaza. Kwimiqathango engaphantsi ikhula i-beech, i-oki, i-hornbeam, ehlanganiswe kunye nama-creepers kunye ne-undergrowth eluhlaza. Kwiindawo ezisentlaleni zikhula iziqhamo, i-chestnuts, i-hazel, imithi ye-strawberry, i-silk acacia. Kwimiyezo ikhula izilwanyana, amakhiwane, igromegranate. Kwiindawo ezihlambulukileyo zityalo zihambelana nebhanti ephakamileyo.