Imposiso Absolute nesihlobo

Kuzo zonke imilinganiselo, ukusongwa iziphumo izibalo, izibalo yokusebenza kunokuba inzima ugcina kuvela kutenxa ethile. Ukuhlola ezinjalo ezingachanekanga eziqhelekileyo ukusebenzisa izalathisi ezimbini - imposiso ngokwenene isalamane.

Ukuba ixabiso ngqo ngokuthabatha isiphumo, sinokuyifumana ukuphambuka ingundoqo (apho wokubala inani elikhulu odlayo encinci). Umzekelo, ukuba ngeenxa zonke ngo-1370 ukuya 1400, impazamo ingundoqo iya kuba 1400-1382 = 18. Xa ulisondezayo 1380, isixa ukuphambuka ingundoqo 1382-1380 = 2. Formula Impazamo elililo kukuba le fomu:

Δx = | x * - x |, apha

x * - ixabiso oyinyaniso,

x - sentengo.

Noko ke, ukuchaza ukuchaneka zesi salathisi akwanelanga. Ngumgwebi ngokwakho ukuba ubunzima Lemposiso 0.2 grams, ngoko ke alwaba kwemichiza kuba mikrosinteza iya kuba kakhulu ubunzima 200 grams sausage Kuyinto eqhelekileyo, waza yena ngeke inokubonwa inomlinganiselo ubunzima imoto kaloliwe. Kaninzi kunye lithi ongowona okanye kwakhona kubalwa impazamo isalamane. Formula isalathisi imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

δx = Δx / | x * |.

Xiya xikombiso lexi. Makhe inani lilonke labafundi kwisikolo phofu 196. esondezwe eli xabiso ku-200.

Le ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ka 200 - 196 = 4. Le Imposiso ozalanayo sisiwe kwelona okanye 4/196, 4/196 = 2%.

Ngoko ke, ukuba siyazi inyaniso yexabiso ixabiso elithile, impazamo wayesisalamane sentengo ifunyenwe lulwahlulo ixabiso elililo zokutenxa omalunga ukuya kwixabiso ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi ukuchonga ixabiso lokwenyaniso ngoku kunzima kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha engenakwenzeka. Kwaye, ngoko, akunakwenzeka ukubala ngqo ixabiso le mpazamo. Noko ke, ungasoloko ukuchaza inani oya kusoloko kuba mkhulu kancinci impazamo ubuninzi ongowona okanye isalamane.

Umzekelo, othengisayo ekukhathazayo imelon kwi balance umqadi. Kulo mzekelo, ubunzima lincinci ngu-50 grams. Libra 2000 grams. Le sentengo. melon ubunzima ngqo ayaziwa. Noko ke, siyazi ukuba impazamo ingundoqo ayikwazi ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-50 grams. Emva koko ke isihlobo imposiso ekulinganiseni ubunzima umkhulu 50/2000 = 2.5%.

Ixabiso ukuba ekuqaleni obungaphezu impazamo ongowona okanye, kwimeko okubi, nto ilingana, ubizwa ngokuba umda imposiso ongowona okanye umda esiphoso epheleleyo. Kulo mzekelo ophelileyo, eli nani 50 grams. Ngokufanayo emiselwe umda kunye impazamo isizalwane, nto leyo mzekelo zaphezulu 2.5%.

Ixabiso komda accuracy ke ukucacisa ngokungqongqo. Ngoko ke, kunokuba 50 grams ukuze athathe naliphi inani ngaphezu ubunzima ubunzima ongezantsi, bathi 100 g okanye 150 g, Noko ke, xa kusenziwa, ixabiso elincinane esikhethwe. Kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba awazi ukuba yintoni na kwaye ngaxeshanye iya kusebenza kwimpazamo umda.

Kwenzeka ke ukuba mda imposiso ingundoqo alukhankanywanga. Emva koko simele sicinge ukuba ilingana kwisiqingatha unit yokugqibela yale ekubhobhozeni (ukuba inombolo) okanye iyunithi ubuncinane kwisahlulo (ukuba isixhobo). Umzekelo, kwi kuluhlu millimitha eli xabiso ngu 0.5 mm, kwaye omalunga inani 3,65 ingundoqo ukutenxa obukhulu 0,005.