Vermeer ukupeyinta "Le Milkmaid". History, inkcazo

Kulo mfanekiso encinane namhlanje na le meko wobugcisa okukhulu ukubaluleka zehlabathi, ufana imisebenzi Raphael kunye noLeonardo, Rembrandt ne Velazquez. Umbhali walo kuthathwa ndiyinkosi, oko becala uya kuqinisekisa ixabiso Golden Age yokudweba Dutch kwinkulungwane XVII. Njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka xa iziganeko vutshila kweli nqanaba, Vermeer painting "I Milkmaid" kangangeenkulungwane ngaphezu ezintathu bobukho bayo, iye igcinwe amathuba le nkolelo ekhethekileyo entsha luluvo ukuba nabani na wabona yona kwixesha lokuqala, kwaye isithuba ukutyhilwa elitsha izizukulwana ezintsha babaphandi.

iqhina Vermeer

Le wizard ngoku iza kubeka ziingcali kumqolo ne-Rembrandt ne Frans Hals - ihamba phambili Dutch Golden Age, kwaye kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini emva kokufa kwakhe yayijongwa ingcibi eziqhelekileyo, omnye amagcisa abaninzi owabhala imizobo ukuba banxibe iindonga amakhaya kulo lonke Netherlands. Le artist, oye wahlala kancinane engama-40, owabhala imizobo ezimbini ngonyaka ngaphezulu kwe, nangona oogxa bakhe emhlabeni ivenkile banikwa Imizobo ezimbalwa ngenyanga, akazange ashiye ngasemva nayiphi iibhayografi ecacileyo, akukho ubungqina bobunini mfanekiso. khetho Enye uthathwa ukuba efihlakeleyo self-portrait nene ochwayithileyo kwicala lasekhohlo womzobo "izifebe."

Musa ukuqonda isizathu khohlwa igama Vermeer - ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe alonwabele udumo, Noko ke, andingekhe ndiwugqithe kwidolophu yakowabo eDelft. Ukuze ngemizobo yakhe ukuba ahlawule imali engakumbi, ingakumbi, ekupeyinteni Vermeer, "Iyeza" yathengwa ngexabiso elikhulu guilder 175. Kuthathwa ukuba esinye sezizathu lokufa kwakhe okuqala ubuhlwempu. Into kuphela wakungcikiva nabathengi - njalo. kuqinisekiswa nje ngokusemthethweni zabhalwa izinto-34, kodwa imizobo kuphela embalwa kubalelwa Vermeer, yaye ngamnye kubo kugqalwa wobugcisa yehlabathi, ngaphambi kwexesha yakhe umxholo kunye nomxholo, ifomu kunye necebo kwiisethi iindlela zobugcisa.

Milkmaid nokuba sisicakakazi?

Wasebenza ngobunono phezu inxalenye ngalinye elincinane lwemizobo bakhe nejongelwe ukuya ukulungiswa wombhali kwayo, ixesha indalo, yaye akazange wabanika amanye amagama. Ilungelana yesu ngemizobo yakhe. Umeme abaphulaphuli ukuba bacinge ukuba kubhaliwe ngenxa yamava ubomi babo kunye nophuhliso, ndiwufeze ibali waqala ukubaxelela emfanekisweni.

E IsiNgesi, ekupeyinteni Vermeer "I Milkmaid" ngokufuthi ekuthiwa Milkmaid -doyarka. Maxa wambi oku kuphakamisa ingxoxo eshushu phakathi abagxeki abakholelwa Vermeer Dutch imvumi ubomi ezidolophini. Zinyanzelisa ukuba ubukho uluhlu okungqongqo abasebenzi basemakhitshini, yaza yavuka intombazana leyo, wamgalela ubisi nomphanda - oku ke isicakazana, mhlawumbi ke umpheki alungiselela kukho isonka pudding okhethekileyo, akhoyo kulo mfanekiso njengenxalenye ubomi nangoku wayekwazi ebhaliweyo.

Kubonakala ukuba lo msebenzi intombazana - imicimbi emincinane, kubaluleke kakhulu kunokuba ingqiqo yakhe emangalisayo self-intlonipho kunye sengqondo ngokufudumeleyo kuyo, nto leyo siveza igcisa.

Isimo ekhitshini

Vermeer ukupeyinta "Le Milkmaid" - oku ubungakanani picture encinane kakhulu - 45h41 cm Kuyamangalisa ngokwenene kuyilo kunye nokuyifezekisa .. Phambi kuthi sisincoko elula kakhulu laconic, inazo neenkcukacha ezininzi, sivumele imiphetho ukuba ufake kulo ukukhanya kwicala ethambileyo kunye nomoya. nani unomzimba, kodwa kulungile le ntombazana kuvela ngokucacileyo kwi yangasemva eludongeni phantse obungqongqo. Unga nokuba ubone umda emhlophe esahlula umlinganiswa ophambili ukususela kwisiqalo. Le ndlela ngokugcwalisa isithuba yayingumfuziselo nakanjani ezintsha - ngabapeyinti ixesha wafuna ukuba bambethe intabalala Ukwanda kumbukeli kunye nomfanekiso iinkcukacha.

Mhlawumbi lo yayingumnqweno ekuqaleni kunye Vermeer. -X ray zabonisa ukuba udonga angasemva Yayikumgama umfanekiso enzima, mhlawumbi - imephu geographical. Kodwa ke inkosi wala kulo, ebavumela ukuba baqwalasele inani le ophambili, phezu nembonakalo yobuso bakhe, ndizilandile nje ngokucokisekileyo impahla nezibaya amalaphu kunye iziyolo kusekho ubomi ebhalwe ngaphandle.

Ekhona kule iinkcukacha ngasemva ngokwaneleyo ukuba sicebise umxholo womfanekiso Iziboniso ezongezelelweyo kwaye ziqaqambisa inani yobuhle engobozini yayo texture mihle, afakwe umhombiso ithayile emazantsi eludongeni, yaye emangalisa aksenti sobhedu oyile isibane phezu kodonga, esivisisana amalaphu umbala esebenzayo neziketi namantombazana. Vermeer ukupeyinta "Le Milkmaid" - wobugcisa ka colorist omkhulu!

indlela virtuoso

Abahlalutyi baqinisekisa ukuba xa ukusebenza umzobo Vermeer wasebenzisa obscura camera - isixhobo ekhethekileyo enombala, kuyanceda ukuphumeza ngezinga eliphezulu kukuthembeka xa kusakhiwa umbono izifinyezo umbala kunye nonxibelelwano nokukhanya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo web. Vermeer wenza into efanayo - his legacy - ubuhle obalaseleyo, intsulungeko imizwa "Veduta" - "View of eDelft" yaye "Street Little", nto leyo yaba nje akunakwenzeka ngaphandle camera obscura.

Ubungqina ukusetyenziswa izixhobo ezisebenzisa, abaphandi babona ilahleko encinci ndikho ongaphambili; wamdala ngokomfanekiselo isonka engobozini, nto leyo edla uphawu ngenxa izixhobo ezinjalo. Kodwa nasekusebenziseni oko, akukho ukubukela le inqanaba ubugcisa kumsebenzi wegcisa. Inkcazelo umfanekiso Jan Vermeer "Iyeza" ngokwemiqathango yokudweba ubuchule, ubonisa zinga. Oku kwaba yi ngokudibanisa inkululeko ebanzi self ashinyeneyo imivumbo ukuba zilinganisa ubuso intombazana, ifomu udini siqinisekile phezu Imihlubulo yenyama kunye afakwe kuyo nemivumbo, oluphahlwe ithemba nokukhanya kusekho ubomi sisonka. Kwaye ke yokwakheka iindonga kunye marble zendalo ipeyinti evakalala emangalisayo!

"Isiphumo solu Mona Lisa"

Sekunjalo, "Iyeza" - Vermeer ukupeyinta - ungaphezu wonke umsebenzi nobugcisa kwaye ezininzi kwengqondo. Uncumo, efihliweyo inkosi phezu komda nokuchasanisa yesehlo ukukhanya phezu kobuso wentombazana, inkululeko iingcali ingqalelo elusiveness intsingiselo kuyo, efana naleyo leyo idla kunye wobugcisa omkhulu yi Leonardo. Yintoni ocinga ukuba intombazana eselula, ujonge kuthotha obhityileyo ubisi? Wayeneminyaka nje udiniwe? Dreams? Malunga into ukukhunjulwa?

Mhlawumbi oku kuthiwa umbhali womzobo "I Milkmaid" Jan Vermeer of eDelft. Le mfihlelo, ukuphilela kwiinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwesithathu, yaye bephila, lo gama uqinisile uyaphila.