Leliphi inani elikhulu? Inani kwelikhulu nelincinci

Xa umntu nje ukufunda ukuze nikholwe nguye iminwe ezaneleyo ukujonga ukuba ababini ukuhamba omkhulu emqolombeni, ukuba ngaphantsi kwe ugxuba intaba. Kodwa kamsinya nje waqonda ukuba inani ngokokuma onjalo (inani unendawo ethile kumgca elide), waqalisa ukuzibuza: into elandelayo, yintoni na inani mkhulu?
Ukususela ngoko, iingqondo best baqalisa ukukhangela, ukubala njani ezi zentsulungeko, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukulobola njani na intsingiselo.

Amachaphaza ekupheleni series

Xa abafundi bafumana wokuqala yamanani zendalo, amagophe amanani ngobulumko ukubeka amachokoza ukuze achaze ukuba mkhulu kunye nani lincinci - udidi ngamampunge. Kuyenzeka kusoloko ukuya kwelikhulu dibanisa enye, yaye akuyi kuba kunayo. Kodwa inkqubela kwakungayi kuba kunokwenzeka ukuba bendingafuni abo bafuna ukufumana intsingiselo kwiindawo apho kufuneka kube.

Infinity inombolo series, ukongeza amaxabiso ebandayo kunye licaciswe bulumko, wadala nobunzima kuphela technical. Kwafuneka ndimkhangele nolwabiwo kubantu abaninzi kakhulu. Ekuqaleni oku kwenziwa ngokwahlukeneyo ukuze amaqela ulwimi ezinkulu, kwaye kunye nophuhliso jikelele mazwi, lelona nani likhulu, eqhelekileyo ehlabathini jikelele.

Ten, ikhulu, iwaka

Wonke ulwimi amanani ngokubaluleka zepraktikhali, wafumana igama layo.

In Russian oko kuqala inani ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya kwishumi. Ukuya amakhulu amanani ezinye ibizwa ngokuba kunye nesiseko sayo, kunye notshintsho encinci iingcambu - "amabini" (amabini ezilishumi), "amashumi amathathu" (ezintathu ezilishumi), njalo njalo, okanye amacandelo "omnye amabini", "-amane anamanci mahlanu .. ". Ngaphandle - endaweni "chetyredtsat 'sibe lula ngakumbi," engamashumi amane ".

Eli nani liphezulu ama-mbini - "asithoba anesithoba" - igama esimbaxa. Ngaphezu koko, ukususela ngamagama abo zemveli - "amakhulu" kunye "amawaka", abanye akhiwa imixube elungileyo. Imeko efanayo kwezinye iilwimi eqhelekileyo. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba amagama elasekwa anikwa amanani kunye namanani, eyayisingethe uninzi lwabantu abaqhelekileyo. Nokuba oko kukuthi intloko amawaka eenkomo ukuba nosondeza umlimi eqhelekileyo. Nge million omnye waba nzima kakhulu, kunye nokudideka yaqala.

Million, quintillion, detsilliard

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XV engumFrentshi Nikolya Shuke ityumbe inani omkhulu, igama kwacetyiswa yi-nkqubo ngokusekelwe neenyumerali eziqhelekileyo phakathi zesayensi Latin. In Russian, baye izalwe ukulungisa ukuze kube lula ukubiza:

• 1 - Unus - Univ.
• 2 - Duo, Bi (kabini) - duo, bi.
• 3 - Tres - ezintathu.
• 4 - Quattuor - Quadri.
• 5 - Quinque - fifths.
• 6 - Isini - Sexten.
• 7 - Septem - Sept
• 8 - Octo - Octy.
• 9 - Novem - Noni.
• 10 - MG - nesi.

Isiseko amagama yayiza kuba -illion, ukusuka 'million "-" ngaphezu kwewaka. "-. Ie 1 000 000 - 1000 ^ 2 - amawaka kwisikwere. Eli gama, ukuba ndithethe nani likhulu, waqamba kulimele odumileyo Marco Polo nesazi-nzulu. Ngoko ke, inkulungwane kumlinganiselo wesithathu iye yaba zezigidi 1000 ^ 4 - quadrillion. Enye engumFrentshi - Pelletier - ngenxa amanani eziye Shyuke ebizwa ngokuba "Iwaka million" (10 ^ 9), "iwaka billion" (10 ^ 15) njalo njalo. e., sebenzisa ophela "-illiard". Ndafumanisa ukuba billion enye - loo nto billion, 10 ^ 15 - ngelaphu, iyunithi 21 zero - trilliard njalo njalo.

zezibalo nesigama French waqalisa ukusetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi. Kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha kwacaca ukuba 10 ^ 9 Kwezinye imibhalo yaziwa zezigidi zezigidi. Kwaye eUnited States baye inkqubo ngawo -illion isiphelo wafumana isidanga kwi kwesigidi, efana isiFrentshi, kodwa amawaka. Ngenxa yoko, namhlanje kukho isikali ezimbini ehlabathini, 'ubude' yaye 'mfutshane ". Ukuze uqonde ukuba inani ukuthini igama, umzekelo, quadrillion, kungcono ukucacisa ilingene eyakhelwe inombolo 10. Ukuba i-15 - yi "mfutshane" isikali eyamkelwe eUnited States, eKhanada, i-UK kunye namanye amazwe aliqela, kuquka ku Russia (nangona ingazange 10 ^ 9 billion omnye billion), ukuba 24 - yi "elide", yamkelwa kwiingingqi ezininzi zehlabathi.

Tredetsillion, vigintilliard kunye milleillion

nesi kunye kwakhiwa detsillion - - Emva inani lokugqibela linani likhulu kakhulu ezisetyenziswayo ngaphandle ephucukileyo igama-ezakhiwe - 10 ^ 33 kwisikali mfutshane, kuba zizifundo zilandelayo ziikhowudi ezifanelekileyo zisetyenziswa izimaphambili. Wafumana Amagama ayimbumba efana tredetsillion- 10 ^ 42, kvindetsillion - 10 ^ 48 kwaye unformulated kunjalo, amagama eluhlangeni amaRoma imbeko: .. lama - Edom, ikhulu - eziliwaka fifty - mille. Emva imithetho Shyuke nga ngokungenammiselo ukwenza amagama kwanezilo. Umzekelo, inani 10 ^ 308 760 ekuthiwa dutsentduomilianongentnovemdetsillion.

Kodwa ezi ezakhiwe umdla kuphela inani eliqingqiweyo labantu - ukuba lisusiwe ndlela, yaye ezi amaxabiso ngokwabo akuxhomekekanga kwesa iingxaki theoretical okanye theorems. Kungenxa uyakha nje theoretical na inani nelamaRafa, maxa wambi baphathwe amagama sonorous kakhulu okanye ekubhekiselelwe ngegama yombhali.

Ubumnyama iButho asaṃkhyeya

Umbuzo amanani amakhulu "pre-khompyutha" isizukulwana bakhathazeka kunye. I nokuxubana kukho ezininzi iinkqubo amanani, kwezinye bafumane phezulu kakhulu: inani elikhulu - 10 ^ 50. Amagama amanani ukusuka ukuphakama ixesha lethu abonakala isihobe, yaye bonke ingaba intsingiselo ebonakalayo, eyaziwa kuphela mbali kunye ngeelwimi: 10 ^ 4 - "ubumnyama", 10 ^ 5 - "NdinguMkhosi", 10 ^ 6 - "leodr" 10 ^ 7 - Vranje, ihlungulu, 10 ^ 8 - "egumbini."

Akukho intle kangako yi asaṃkhyeya Inombolo title ekhankanywe kwizicatshulwa zamaBhuda ngokuqokelela yamandulo yaseTshayina yamandulo Indian sutras. Ixabiso ubuninzi wabaphandi asaṃkhyeya wakhonjwa 10 ^ 140. Ukuze uqonde ngayo ingqiqo nowomoya: leyo yindlela imijikelo kakhulu yesiqalo kufuneka kudlule umphefumlo uzihlambululayo, kwinyama yonke, efunde phezu indlela elide yokuzalwa ngokutsha, azuze imeko nolonwabo of Nirvana.

Googol, googolplex

A yezibalo e Columbia University (USA) Edward Kasner ukususela ekuqaleni kuka 1920 baqalisa ukucinga ngamanani amakhulu. Ngokukodwa, waba nomdla igama sonorous novakalelo ukuba inani omhle-10 ^ 100. yena Ngenye imini ehamba kunye abatshana bakhe waza wabaxelela ngale nombolo. ngonyaka ezilithoba Milton ubudala wacebisa igama Sirotta googol - googol. Malume onaye abatshana kunye ibhonasi - inani entsha, leyo ke wamchazela ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: i yunithi kunye abayi- ezininzi kangangoko unako ukubhala, kodwa hayi kwaphela udiniwe. Igama eli nani googolplex. Phezu reflection, Kashner wagqiba ukuba oku kuya kuba inani 10 ^ googol.

Nenjongo ezinjalo amanani Kashner wabona ukufundisa ngakumbi: inzululwazi wayengazi nantoni na isixa-mali esinjalo njengoko ku zezibalo elizayo kumzekelo wabo, wabachazela indlela inani elikhulu ungagcina ngokungafani yokungapheli.

ingcamango Smart yokuthiya i buchopho encinane kakhulu wabaseki inkampani yokukhuthaza injini entsha yokukhangela. domain googol wayexakekile yaye incwadi o, kodwa kwakukho igama, apho inani zexeshana abe ngonaphakade real - njengezabelo ezininzi ziya kuba kulungile.

inombolo Shannon, inani Schiusa, medzon, megiston

Ngokungafaniyo zesayensi, hlale ukubaleka enqumla imida ebekwa ngemvelo, zezibalo ukuqhubeka indlela eya yokungapheli. A lover of the umdlalo wechess Klod Shennon (1916-2001) ezaliswe ingqiqo yenani 10 ^ 118 - iinketho kakhulu izithuba lunokwenzeka kuvunyelwane 40.

Stanley Schiusa ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika benza omnye wemisebenzi ezisixhenxe ezibandkanywe kuluhlu i "Millennium Challenge" - Riemann hypothesis. Yena uza ekufumaneni neepateni ukwabiwa amanani yinkulumbuso. Ekuhambeni yokuqiqa wasebenzisa yokuqala 10 ^ 10 ^ 10 ^ 34, yabonisa ukuba Sk ₁ ilandelwa yi-10 ^ 10 ^ 10 ^ 963 - inani lesibini Schiusa - Sk _2.

Ukuze zisebenze la manani musa nokuba ilingane inkqubo lokurekhoda njengesiqhelo. Gugo Shteyngauz (1887-1972) ecetywayo ukusetyenziswa iimilo zejiyometri; n kwi unxantathu - oko n ukuya ngamandla n, n 'ophindwe kabini - n e oonxantathu n, n kwisangqa - a n kwi n izikwere. Wachaza ukuba inkqubo umzekelo amanani mega - 2 isangqa, medzon - 3 benze isangqa, megiston - 10 kwisangqa. Ngoko ke kunzima ukuchonga, umzekelo, elona nani likhulu digit-mabini, kodwa ke asebenza kunye ngemithamo emikhulu yenziwe lula.

UNjingalwazi Donald Knuth wacebisa le notation utolo, apho zom- ukwakhiwa kwamandla eboniswe i utolo, nto leyo buyasuswa umkhuba badwelisi benkqubo. Googol kule meko ikhangeleka ngathi 10 ↑ 10 ↑ 2 googolplex - 10 ↑ 10 ↑ 10 ↑ 2.

inombolo Graham kaThixo

Ronald Graham (P 1935.), Ingcali yezibalo American, kwisifundo ithiyori Ramsey ezinxulumene hypercubes - imizimba multi-mbini zejiyometri - anenkqubo inombolo eyodwa G ₁ - G ₆₄ apho echaza umda isigqibo, apho qondo liphezulu yaba multiple likhulu inani, wathola igama lakhe. Wade ndicinge ukuba amanani-20 edlulileyo, kwaye idata kokuqala amanani alandelayo:

- G ₁ = 3 ↑↑↑↑ 3 = 8.7 x 10 ^ 115.

- G = ₂ 3 ↑ ... ↑ 3 (iintolo ngokukhawuleza kunokuba naliphi na inani = G _1).

- G ₃ = 3 ↑ ... ↑ 3 (inani = G ₂ ngokukhawuleza ngaphezu kwalo naliphi na iintolo).

...

- G = ₆₄ 3 ↑ ... ↑ 3 (ngokukhawuleza naliphi na inani iintolo ₆₃ = G)

G _64, G imele enye, kwaye nani likhulu ehlabathini esetyenziswa ekubaleni zemathematika. Kubhaliwe kwincwadi kweerekhodi. Thumela kwi isikali cishe kungenakwenzeka, unikwe ukuba yonke umthamo iphela ezaziwayo ndoda yabonakalisa kwiyunithi incinane umthamo (ityhubhu ngohlangothi ubude Planck (10 ^-35 m)), ochazwa inani 10 ^ 185.