Imozulu ye-tundra. Yintoni evimbela amanzi ukuba angene kwindawo yomhlaba?

Igama elithi "tundra" ngesiFinnish lithetha "iindawo ezingenasiphelo" ezingenanto. Enyanisweni, ihlala kwimimandla emikhulu yeNyakatho yeNtlabathi kwimimandla engezantsi, apho iindawo zentyatyambo kunye neengqungquthela zineenkalo kwiimeko zesimo sezulu esinzima. Izikhala zikwahlukana ngokungabikho kwemithi emide, nangona umda we-tundra kunye nehlathi usemahlathini ase-taiga anezityebi. Ubuncwane obungapheli kuphela kunye neentlobo ezincinci zifihla umhlaba obandayo ngexesha lexesha elifutshane lehlobo.

Ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu kunye nokufudumala okuphantsi, umphumo wenkampu yomhlaba kule ndawo ibuhlungu. Kodwa yintoni ekhusela amanzi ukuba angene kwindawo yomhlaba?

Imozulu

Ummandla we-tundra uhamba kunye nomgca omncinci osenyakatho we-Eurasia kunye neNyakatho Melika, kunye nemimandla engakumbi eRashiya naseKhanada. Imozulu yinkqutyana kunye neyantlukwano. Ngomoya oqinileyo nangomoya oshisayo ebusika ukuya kuma-30 °, kwaye ehlobo kunzima ukufikelela + 5 + 10 ° Celsius, imithi ye-coniferous ayikhuli apha.

Ubusika obude obude kunye neentsuku ezi-2-3 ezifudumeleyo ngonyaka zenza igalelo lokuba i-tundra ibhekene nobuninzi bomswakama. Ulawulo oluphantsi lokushisa aluvumeli ukuba lukhuphuke, ludle indawo enkulu. Ubusika ukuze i-tundra ibusuku obumnyama, kwaye ehlobo ilanga likhanya phantse yonke imini. I-Spring nekwindla kunye nokubonakaliswa kwazo zonke iimpawu zabo ezifanelekileyo kwinyanga enye-ngoMeyi no-Septemba ngokulandelana. Eyona nto ifumaneka kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo lekhava eliphantsi kweqhwa kunye nokubuyela okukhawuleza kwalo ngokukhawuleza ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha.

Impawu zobuninzi bomhlaba

Iimpawu zesimo se-subarctic kunye nesimo se-subantarctic sezulu, kunye nomhlaba-oko kukuthintela amanzi ukuba angene kwindawo yomhlaba. Amanqwane anele kuphela ukuthabatha kuphela iindawo eziphezulu zomhlaba ukuya kwizinga elingaphantsi. I-permafrost iguqula umhlaba we-tundra ibe yintambo ebomvu, kwaye imeko enjalo ayitshintshi.

Ebusika, ininzi yekhephu iwela kulezi ziqendu, kodwa ilala etaweni elikude kunye necala elincinci, kuba umoya oqinileyo unamandla kakhulu.

Umhlaba we-Gley kunye nomhlaba onobumbano unombala obomvu nombala obomvu. Imiba yomsila womhlaba we-tundra iyancwina, ize ibambe, ngokukhawuleza ixubane kunye. Ngaloo ndlela, i-humus, humus kunye ne-peat iyancitshiswa kumlinganiselo weemitha. Xa ubuninzi bomdaka obunamanzi kunye nomhlaba we-loamy uhamba. Kulo maphafa aphantsi, umhlaba ngokuqinisekileyo ugoba phantsi kobunzima bomntu, uzama ukuwusondeza kwisigxina esinqabileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uluhlu lwepeat aludluli kuma-cmentimitha angama-50 ngenxa yesithintelo esinqabileyo sezityalo ezihlambulukileyo kunye ne-moss. Kwizicwangciso ezidityanisiweyo zentlabathi, inqwelwana yomhlaba i-podzols kunye ne-substrata.

Yintoni evimbela amanzi ukuba angene kwindawo yomhlaba?

Nangona umba ungabonakali ngokupheleleyo. Yintoni ekhusela amanzi? I-Seepage ibe yinyuma yomhlaba kuphela ehlobo, nge-peat cushion kwaye yenziwe ngamaqabunga aqhwithileyo. Kodwa ukususela ebusika umhlaba ukhululeka ukuya kwizinga elingaphakathi kweekhilomitha enye neekhilomitha kwaye ngexesha elifutshane elifudumele alinaso ixesha lokunqumla, umda wemijelo, uguquke ngokoqobo kwiqhekeza leqhekeza ngamanzi, uba ngumqobo ongenakunqandeka kumanzi.

Ngaloo ndlela, impendulo kumbuzo wento evimbela amanzi ukuba angene kwihlabathi elincinci ilula kwaye ingqiqweni: i-permafrost ayivumeli ukuba umswakama uphewule ngokunyanisekileyo, kwaye amanzi awakhupheli kangangokuthi uncibilikise umhlaba onqabileyo emhlabeni. Yileyo ndlela i-tundra eninzi kunye neyobuhlungu ihlala iminyaka eyiwaka.