Ziziphi iimangcwaba zokungcwaba? Inentsingiselo yegama elithi "isigundane"

Xa siva igama elithi "isigundane", ukucinga kwethu, njengomthetho, ubonisa umfanekiso weenduli zobumba ezigqutywe ngotshani, phantsi kokungcwaba kwangaphambili. Oku kubangelwa ukuba iindawo zokungcwaba eziye zazingqinela kakhulu kuluntu. Abantu basendulo, bekholelwa emva kokufa, bajika emangcwabeni, ekugqibeleni, bakhangela ingqalelo abachazi bezinto zakudala, abazingeli beengcingo kunye nabavukuzi abamnyama. Ngoko ke yiyiphi imirongo? Ngayiphi injongo abakhelwe yona?

Liyintoni igama elithi "isigundane"

Izichazamazwi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukutolika intsingiselo yegama elithi "isigundane", ukuyiguqulela kolunye ulwimi. Ngenguqulelo eqingqiweyo evela kwibharki yaseTurkey ithetha "inqaba". Ngamanye amaxesha kuthiwa intaba phezu kwengcwaba yamandulo, umngcwabo, intaba okanye intaba encinane. Kuqondwa kweTatar, igama elithi "isigundane" lingaba yintaba kunye nenqwaba yezigulana; Ngcwabeni la mandulo; Islayidi yeqhwa, ijikeleza elwandle (iceberg); I-jug yensimbi ene-spout, isiphathi kunye nesibhambathiso; Kubgan, okanye kungan, kwaye ngakumbi ngokuchanekileyo - kumganom; Bacaldina ngamanzi.

Ekuguquleleni kolwimi lwaseTurkic lwangaphambili, intsingiselo yelizwi elithi "isigundane" "intaba" okanye "inxuwa". AmaSumeriya abiza iintaba ezininzi amagama "kur-en" kunye "kur-gal," oko kukuthi, "intaba yezulu" okanye "intaba enkulu." Kwaye kunye nemibhobho - i-maaris, iintaba, i-Lithuanian amathuna.

NgesiRashiya, eli gama lichaze umda, phakathi kwe-tower tower. Kutheni kunjalo? Kodwa ngenxa yokuba emva kwemibhobho yaqala amazwe angaphandle. Ukongezelela, iRusich eli gama laliyindlela yokuphuma, i-astrakh, i-babylon, i-cellar kunye ne-cellar enecebo eliyinkimbinkimbi.

Bharrow - yintoni le?

Kholelwa ukuba oku kungcwatywa nje, kuphutha. Ngoko ke iziphi iindundana? Bayiququzelele nje ingcwaba kuphela, kodwa nakwindawo yoluntu, kunye neendawo zokugcina impahla. Ngaphakathi kweenduli, iicawa zazixhotyiswe ngesibingelelo kunye nama-acoustic amahle. Banikezwa ngeengcango zobukhosi kunye namagumbi okuthandaza.

Kwiibhonkco, apho kungekho zakhiwo zeetempile, kubonakala ngathi iindawo zokuhlala zacwangciswa. Babengumhlobo omdala wendlu. Iibhonkco zizakhiwo zamatye ezakhiweyo ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwezicombululo ezibophelelayo. Umhlaba wathululelwa kwiindawo ezinjalo ngenjongo yokuba imvula ingangeni ngaphakathi kweso sakhiwo. Iinduli zobumba zazikhonza njengoluhlobo lwephahla lwezakhiwo.

Yaye ziphi izixube ezakhiwe kumazwe aseRussia? Kwiidolophana zaseRussia ukuya kwangoku zikhoyo zihlala ziphuma-iBhabhiloni, ngokuchanekileyo iminyango ye-cellars-stors of small size, efana nesakhiwo kwimibhobho efana. Amagumbi ayenziwe ngamatye okanye ngamatye kwaye afafazwe umhlaba. Injongo ephambili yendlu yangasese kukugcinwa kwemifuno, iziqhamo, i-pickles kunye nezinye. Ukuba i-glacier yakhiwa ngaphakathi kwendlu yangasese, ukutya okuphazamisayo kugcinwa kuwo, kufana nefriji, umzekelo, inyama, ubisi.

I sixhobo

Ngoko, yiyiphi imirongo? Le mihlaba yodongwe kwizakhiwo zamandulo zeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Iyokuqala kwezi zihambelana ne-Neolithic ekupheleni kunye ne-Aeneolithic. Ezi ziinduli ze-archeologists ezifunyenwe kuwo onke amazwekazi (ngaphandle kwe-Australia). Kwiimivumba, njengomgaqo, isimo sendawo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izakhiwo ezineesigxina okanye i-oval base.

Ubukhulu babo buhluke. Ububanzi beenduli ubude bungaphezu kweemitha ezili-100, kwaye ukuphakama kudlula iimitha ezili-20. Iinduli ezide zifana nesigodlo esixubileyo. Umhlaba wazaliswa ngamangcwaba amade kunye nendawo yokungcwaba. Izakhiwo zabo zangaphakathi zinamacebo ahlukeneyo. Zakhelwe ngohlobo lwee-crypts, ii-catacombs, izindlu zelogi zokhuni, amatye okanye iindawo zobumba.

Indawo yokungcwaba yayigcwele izitsha, izixhobo, imihlobiso, ukutya. Phakathi kwabo, kunye nomfi, bangcwaba abafazi babo, amakhoboka kunye namahashe. Iimvumba zakhiwa ngamaqela onke entaba. Amangcwaba amakhulu akhiwa kwiiwaka eziliwaka. Nangona kukho iindawo eziqhelekileyo ezimileyo. Zonke ziyahluka ngobukhulu kunye nobuncwane bomhlobiso wangaphakathi.

Imbali yeMatvey-burial mound

I-Mateveev Kurgan yindawo yokuhlala yasemaphandleni kwiindawo zaseRostov. Igama layo livela kwisithethe, ngokuya kuthi ngeyiphi na indawo kwiindawo eziphangiweyo. Ataman babeneMatvey. Umkhokeli wabantu ababuleweyo, ukuphanga abathengisi, wangcwatyelwa kwindunduma esecaleni lomlambo uMius.

Le ndawo, iMatvey-burial hill, iimbali-mlando zidibene ne "Lay of Host Igor ...". Kwakukho kwiindawo ezikude zasemantla kwidolophana eyayiyinto yokulwa nePolovtsiya nePrince Igor. Apha umlawuli wathandwa ngabantu abasebenzisa "umlilo wesiGrike".

Ngomnyaka we-1942, ekuphakameni kwilali-dolophu, iimfazwe zamagazi zahlaselwa phakathi kwama-brigades amathathu kunye nabahlaseli be-fascist. Ngoku kwindunduma, ngaphezu kwengcwaba yamangcwaba, kukho isikhumbuzo kwiimfazwe zaseSoviet, ezanikela ubomi babo ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic.

Mamayev Kurgan

Eli gama lavela ixesha elide kakhulu elidlulileyo. Kodwa, ngokusobala, ayikwazi ukudibaniswa negama lomlawuli uMamai. Kukho uluvo lokuba igama lesiqulana kwakuyigama lesiTurkey, eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "hillock", "ukuphakama". Nangona kunjalo, ngokweminye inguqu kwindawo yolu hlonda kwakukho inqanawa eyakhiwe nguKhan Mamai. Ngoko ke, intaba ithola igama elifanayo.

Ngowe-1942-1943 iminyaka. Phakathi kwiphondo laseVolgograd ngeentsuku ezingamakhulu amabini elwa neCallrad. Amajoni aseSoviet avikela ukuphakama kwama-102.0, ukuwagxotha kumaJamani. Emva kweMfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic Mamayev Kurgan yaba yindawo yokukhumbula kunye nentlungu. Isakhiwo esisikhumbuzo samiswa kwinduli ngokuhlonipha amaqhawe anamandla e-Battle of Stalingrad. Kwiziko lobunjwa be-ensemble kukhona umfanekiso othi "Motherland".