Tianshan Iintaba: Iimpawu, imbali, ubude kunye photo

Tianshan Iintaba useza ekucingeni abahamba ezininzi. Njani ufuna ukuza apha, amehlo abo ukubona CAPS kwikhephu, ukuze bazive amandla nokomelela kule ndawo!

Ngeliphandle, asinguye wonke umntu uyaphumelela. Kutheni? Njengoko umthetho, isizathu inokuba ezimbalwa, kodwa phakathi ezinkulu bangathanda ukuba ukhanyise ilandelayo. Khumbula apho Tien Shan. Uyavuma, le embindini ekudibaneni kwe-iindlela eziphambili kubakhenkethi wonke umhlaba, nto leyo ithetha ukuba ukuya kule kwinqanaba yomhlaba kunye elide yaye kubize. Kuphela lithemba abaninzi ukusithenga. Okwesibini, ukuze aye ukoyisa intlungu Tianshan efunekayo ukulungiselela emzimbeni omkhulu. Kuba saqala olu hambo ndingekawuboni yingozi.

Nangona kunjalo, eli nqaku liza ukumxelela kuphela malunga kanti i-Tien shan. Ukongeza, umfundi uya kufumana inkcazelo ebalulekileyo malunga nezinye izinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, iinkalo uphawu into, isimo sezulu, yamandulo kunye neentsomi, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.

Icandelo 1. Ulwazi jikelele

ezintabeni tien-shan, iifoto leyo inokufunyanwa phantse nayiphi sabheka, nto leyo ithetha ezindawo zehlabathi, ibekwe e Central Asia, kumazwe amaninzi (Kyrgyzstan, China, Kazakhstan kunye Uzbekistan).

Enkulu yasentshona zintaba ifumaneka e-Kyrgyz Republic, nesiqingatha osempuma kuza ngaphandle China, ngecala esemantla nasentshona ibekwe e Kazakhstan kunye neendawo kumazantsi - ngaphakathi kwimida Uzbekistan kunye Tajikistan.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kummango Tien-shan ilele kakhulu ucando latitudinal kunye sublatitudinal. Le yenye iintaba aphezulu ehlabathini, ekuthe phakathi kwawo kukho iincopho ezininzi kwama-6.0 amawaka. Zokulinganisa.

Kuba amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu Pobeda Peak (malunga 7440 meters), ndivuka ekumda Kyrgyzstan kunye neTshayina, kunye Khan Tengri (phantse 7000 meters), ibekwe Kyrgyzstan kufuphi Kazakhstan. Abemi kwimimandla esezantsi Kunzima ukucinga njani na - ukuhlala phantsi yamaRefa yentaba elikhulu, zabonakala iincopho apho bavuke ngaphezu inqanaba ukubunjwa efini.

Lonke ntaba Uluhlu yahlulelwe kwii ariya ezininzi: North, West, South-West, East, Central kunye Inner.

Icandelo 2. Blue Mountains, okanye Tien Shan. Imozulu nduli

Imozulu yale nkqubo ubhekiselele ikakhulu uhlobo kakhulu njengezwekazi, luphawulwa ulophu zasehlotyeni elomileyo lesonka, kunye imvula encinane.

Winter ezahlukeneyo elihlabayo neeyantlukwano amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ilifu eliphantsi kome kakhulu zezulu. Ezintabeni, kukho ixesha elibalulekileyo ilanga, apho ukuya kwiiyure 2,700 ngonyaka ngamnye. Kakade ke, umntu oqhelekileyo loo data akungekwazeki ukuba athethe into, ngoko xa kuthelekiswa, umzekelo, eMoscow, le avareji yonyaka - Iiyure 1600 kuphela. Ukutshintsha ezi amaxabiso kuchaphazela welifu wasezintabeni nokuntsonkotha landscape.

Isixa kwemvula ixhomekeke ucando kwaye kwanda ephakamileyo. Kwezulu ubuncinane iwela emathafeni (150-200 mm ngonyaka), kwaye eli nani sele efikelele kwi-800 mm kwiinkalo eliphakathi-ngonyaka.

Kakhulu uwela phakathi entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. umoya High owomileyo kuchaphazela ukuyilwa inshorensi ikhephu, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-Tien-shan e Kazakhstan (kumathambeka kumntla-ntshona) nelayini snow luyasekwa ezinobude yeemitha 3600-3800 kumbindi - kwintaba ephakame oziimitha 4200-4500 kunye 4000-4200 kwimimandla yasempumalanga leemitha. Yiloo nto ke ubude becala limisela iimeko zemozulu i wesiseko bendawo ethile.

A wayenemfuyo eninzi ice nekhephu kumathambeka Tien-shan xa kuqala ubushushu inokukhokelela yingozi zekhephu iindibano. Kungenxa yoko le nto abakhenkethi kufuneka silumke kakhulu.

Icandelo 3. features Geographical

Tianshan Iintaba ibekwe Middle and Central Asia phakathi kweentaba liphezulu le-Alpine yokusonga kwi wonke umhlaba. Lisendaweni 4000 m kukho imizila kumphezulu yamandulo endaweni ephantsi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Tianshan Mountains, ifoto ukuba ngokoqobo hit ubungangamela bayo, nangoku kumsebenzi ziitectonic plates kunye seismic.

Kunzima ukucinga ukuba iincopho ngaphezu mathathu kwebanga ezintabeni ngaphezulu kwama 6,000. Kwezi, i incopho liphakamileyo Ukoyisa (7439) kunye Khan Tengri (malunga 7000 m). Ubude nkqubo ukususela entshona ukuya empuma yi-2500 km.

Nakummango akhiwa kukudakumba igneous Intermontane - ilitye lentlenga. Le ezintlomeni zeentaba Tien-shan, Kakade, ubeka umkhondo wayo iimpawu zazo. Inxalenye eyintloko uba amathambeka eentaba namageduka iintlobo rock glacial kunye talus.

Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba ezinobude ka 3000 m iqala uqhwemesha permafrost. Phakathi kweenkqubo ze zeentaba kwimigongxo intermountain (Issyk-Kul, Naryn kunye Fergana).

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kule ezinzulwini Tien shan wafumanisa zezimbiwa: isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, izinc, kwistibhiya kunye mercury. Kwaye emikhumbini - oyile. A nobuninzi komkhenkce udaka kunye namasimi ikhephu. Ukuba ikhona, apho Tian Shan sisuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho lwembono, xa kucaca enkulu ngayo indima le nkqubo ntaba kwi-ntle kwamazwe ezingqongileyo.

Ngaphezulu, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imilambo (Naryn, Chu, Tarim, Ili njl) kunye Lake (Issyk-Kul, Chatyr-Kul ne Ingoma-Kel) bangamalungu amanzi flow lwangaphakathi, kwaye ke ngoko, kufuneka abe nexabiso elikhulu imozulu Tian shan. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China kunye Uzbekistan kudala bafunda ukuba kunyuswe ezi mpawu iinjongo zoshishino.

Ngokubanzi, nomxokelelwane intaba uquka le mimandla orographic zilandelayo:

• Northern Tien-shan, oquka nasentshonalanga Kirghiz, Ketmen, Kungei Tau kunye Tau Zailiyskiy;
• East Tien Shan - Borohoro Mountains, Bogle-Ula, Kuruktag, Sarmin Ula, Irene Habyrga, Karlytag Halyktau;
• Western Tien Shan - Talas Alatau, Karatau, Ugamsky, Pskem kunye Chatkal zokhahlamba;
• South-Western Tien Shan: isahlulo kumzantsi-ntshona le Fergana Range kunye iintaba ezingqonge Valley Ferghana;
• Inner Tien-shan ibekwe ngaphakathi ngesiKirghiz Ridge Fergana Ridge Issykkul ukudakumba, Ridge Kokshaltau Akshiirak kunye nobunzima rock.

West sezithili central yenze imiqela ezintathu ezahlulwe sisithuba nezitya intermountain kunye Fergana kummango enxulumene. Eastern Region Tien-shan iqulathe iintaba ezimbini ukuphakama ukuya ku 5000 m, ezahlulwe emikhombeni. Ngokuba lo mmandla ukuphakama enohlobo tyaba ukuya ku-4000 m - syrty.

Tianshan Mountains nayo indawo ka-7300 ezikwere zeekhilomitha of glaciation Le glacier inkulu - Inylchek. A indawo enkulu kuhlala emaqeleni ntaba kunye nezo entlango. Kumathambeka wasentla ke zigutyungelwe ikakhulu amahlathi coniferous kunye emaqeleni zaphezulu inguqu kwi subalpine kunye esiluhlaza amadlelo, phezu szyrts - kubanda iyintlango landscape.

4. Icandelo Height iintaba Tien-shan: iintsomi, amabali, kwaye ingakumbi igama imvelaphi

abahambi abaninzi ukwazi ukuba eli gama lithetha "Mountains Iinkwenkwezi" ngolwimi Chinese. Ngokutsho ngokuma kwiSoviet EM Murzaeva, ababefunda isigama eendawo ulwimi zamaTurkic, igama loans amagama Tengritag ( "Tengri" - "kaThixo, izulu, uThixo" yaye "tag" - "entabeni").

Tien Shan, ogama ifoto kwi oolindixesha eziqhelekileyo, uyaziwa kwilivo ezininzi enxulumene inkcazelo kwiindawo ezithile yomtsalane lendawo kungenzeka. Zombini amabali lokuqala nolo lukwizinga lesibini, kweli candelo, isixelela ntoni Ala-Too entabeni umqolo, ibekwe kummandla Northern Tien Shan.

Manchzhypy-Ata

Enye ezinika Alatoo edumileyo - intlambo omhle kule mithombo ezingcwele Manchzhypy-Ata, yindawo ethandwayo oluya. Nantsi ke itempile omkhulu Sufi utitshala ongcwele ngomzi ukholo Islamic phakathi ephila Kyrgyz. Manchzhypy-Ata - alikho igama lomntu. Ngoko iilwimi ezahlukeneyo zamaTurkic ekuthiwa umntu ezifanelekileyo, kwaye umxhasi isicaka abahambi ndawo, amalungisa okanye umkhosi emadlelweni onobabalo. Yintili iqulethe nemiwonyo ezininzi elo lizwe ibethe kwentwasahlobo engcwele. Ngamnye kubo kucingwa ukuba zonyango, kunye neempawu zazo engaqhelekanga abangqine eziliqela Iingcali ehamba emhlabeni.

Kakade ke, kumaxesha amandulo, ezi imithombo unako ukukhonza kwaye ukunkcankcashela izilwanyana. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, umvakalisi Islam ubusaziwa kunye namandla angummangaliso yimithombo kumnikazi.

Abo bafumana ithuba lokuba ukutyelela Tian Shan kwiiNtaba e Kyrgyzstan, ifoto apho afunyanwa imincili ngakumbi, ngokuqinisekileyo weva iingxelo leengcaphephe endawo imithombo ukumnika kufuneka isipho intsapho kakuhle-ntle, wozirhola ulwazi kunye nokuqonda kunye aphelise ubudlolo.

tale Alatoo

Le tale ubalisa ndawo intle, ibekwe ngokuhambelana imvula ngamaxesha butyobo flow ezivela eentaba Terskey Alatoo ukuya Issyk-Cool. Nangona emaweni njengodongwe gorge, ayegqunyelelwe elinamatyholo, ekuqaleni khangela buhlungu ekhangela ngokusondeleyo ngakumbi,, umntu uyazibuza indlela ukutshintsha imbonakalo yazo ifakwe lonke uzuko lwayo.

Ngale kwafika igama mwonyo "nentsomi". Apha kwihlabathi fantastic: namawa emibalabala imibala eqaqambileyo engumkhenkce ngeendlela ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye zehlabathi ikhule imifanekiso yendalo lekalika oyisanti namawa, efana kubemi ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, okanye amanxiwa nqaba.

Igqala le ummangaliso endalo yabonakala kutshanje. Ithi ukuba imiwonyo ubuhle ihamba yodwa, yaye ukuba uza kubuya kwakhona, ixesha ngalinye intlambo iza kukhangela ngendlela entsha. Kungenxa yoko le nto ukhenketho zilungelelaniswe apha ne rhoqo umona, kunye nabahambi basinge khange watsha singaphezulu kweminyaka.

Hi ndlela leyi, hayi wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ukongeza igama Ala-Too intaba leenomboro iinketho ezimbalwa ngaphezulu - Atatau, zeAltai kunye Alai ukuba zamaTurkic lithetha "iintaba motley". Kungenzeka, oku inkcazelo wonke ummandla Northern Tien shan, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba hexa kunye neyantlukwano yayo. Apha, esinendawo eluhlaza zimanyene kunye nemilambo, iziciko ikhephu-ezimhlophe zidibene zamatye multi-bala, zigqunywe ngamahlathi nompleyini kunye emaqeleni yinduli esezantsi kolundi eliqaqambileyo.

Icandelo 5. Water Domestic

Tien Shan Iintaba e Kyrgyzstan, njengokuba okunene kuzo zonke amanye amazwe - yendawo kwamanzi Ukwakheka, apho imilambo emininzi aqala umkhenkce snowfields ummandla glacial-nival neziphela ngo yokukhupha amanzi kunye emachibini emhlabeni okanye zenze "imila- elomileyo" xa amanzi bangene kumathafa amanqatha ndiye yokunkcenkceshela.

Yonke imilambo emikhulu isuka ezintabeni Tien shan unguye Syr Darya, Talas, Ili, Chu, Manas, njalo njalo. D. Imilambo abondliwayo ikhephu kunye enhla yi. flow Incopho uyaqapheleka entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Wamanzi asetyenziselwe ukunkcenkceshela, hayi kuphela kweentili lwangaphakathi kunye misinga, kodwa amathafa ekuhlaleni.

Large ichibi entabeni nkqubo imi emazantsi nezitya intermountain kwaye ixesha ziitectonic plates. La machibi ichibi anetyuwa Issyk-Kul, kunye namachibi zeAlps Chatyr-Kul noNyana-Kul, phantse zisoloko zigqunywe ngumkhenkce. Kukho kwakhona cirque pre-glacial nechibi (Merzbacher). Ichibi East mmandla inkulu Tien shan - Bosten Lake, ezinxulumene ne idike Lop Okanye emlanjeni Kanchedarya.

Zininzi imizimba amancinci amanzi, uninzi lwazo nzulu kunye neebhanki amqengqelezi abe logjam-imvelaphi amadama (zo-Chelek echibini).

Icandelo 6 Ummandla glaciation

Inani inkqubo ntaba glacial ingaphezulu 7700. Phakathi kwazo kukho ezihlanjeni, ejinga kunye neendidi carovie.

Le ndawo iyonke komkhenkce ngendlela encomekayo - ngaphezulu kwe-900 square metres. km. Kuba Terskey Alatau zomkhenkce ezi iitophu uphawu atshabalalisa, eliquka ngokobuninzi ongaphuhliswanga gquma.

Tien Shan ezihambayo zenze ngesantya oluqhubekayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba yinxalenye abawexukileyo Ngokuthe ngcembe indawo kunye nabanye ngesantya esifanayo.

Ngeli xesha lonke ehlabathini glacial le umphezulu iye isale igqunyelelwe ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ngumkhenkce. Kude kube ngoku, kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo entabeni zehlabathi inokufumaneka amathambo glaciation iyonke - emigodini, moraines, cirques, imikhombe kunye ephakamileyo ephakame amachibi glacial.

Qaphela ukuba zonke iinkqubo umlambo of Central Asia imvelaphi edume zomkhenkce Tien Shan. Enye yazo umlambo inkulu Naryn (Kyrgyzstan). Tien-shan lelona liphezulu, yaye ngoko, oko negalelo ekwakhiweni loo imithambo yamanzi enamandla.

Ezihambayo wondla imilambo intaba ezincinane - omlambo Naryn. Wayesihla evela phezulu ngumsinga, ukuba soyise indlela elide yaye bazuze amandla kakhulu. On Naryn wakha ukuxubana izityalo umbane enkulu kunye naphakathi.

Le perile ye Tien shan kwiiNtaba kuba sedikeni entle Issyk-Kul, abahlala indawo 7 kuluhlu lwe ezininzi imizimba ezinkulu, zinzulu amanzi. Le zibekwe kwintlambo elikhulu ziitectonic plates phakathi ezintabeni. Apha Ndithanda ukuyekelela ezifana bendawo, kunye nabakhenkethi ezininzi, eza kunye neentsapho zabo yonke kunye namaqela ingxolo nabahlobo.

Le ndawo chibi 6332 square metres. m, nobunzulu yayo ifikelela m 700 Apha ungadibanisa kunye nezinye namachibi elikhulu Internal Tien-shan -. Ingoma-Kul kunye Chatyr-Kul.

Kwiindawo weentaba kukho iseti kwemizimba amancinane amanzi kunye nohlobo ice glacial, ezo zingakuchaphazeli imozulu mmandla, kodwa ingqalelo iindawo zeholide ozithandayo.

Akekho umntu abanokuyikhanyela into yokuba, bathi, Tien Shan Mountains e Kyrgyzstan, imifanekiso leyo eziqhelekileyo - yindawo ekufuneka zityelelwe ubuncinane kanye ebomini babo. Lo mkhuba uyabonakala kwamanye amazwe. Ngamnye ngonyaka kwi ekhefini apha uza abakhenkethi ngakumbi abasuka kwiimbombo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba.

Icandelo 7. Iimpawu izilwanyana bendawo

Ukuba ucinga apho Tien shan na, siya kuthathwa ngokuthi izilwanyana zayo ngokuqinisekileyo thaca abemi bomqwebedu kunye izilwanyana emathafeni.

Abameli kakhulu ezininzi izilwanyana engingqi ngokuqinisekileyo nebhadi, unomatse, nembila dakasa gingqi, nempuku, njalo-njalo. D.

Of ezirhubuluzayo esifumaneka iinyoka (coluber, cottonmouth, irhamba) namacilikishe.

Of iintaka basasaze larks, bustard, partridges, iinkozi iindonga.

Kodwa kwimimandla phakathi zimiwe ngabameli zezilo yehlathi -. Foar, omdaka ibhere, ingqawa, ingcuka, impungutye, nezamaxhamakazi, neentaka njl Ukususela nutcracker alawule ngoko crossbill.

Higher kwiindawo entabeni ubomi marmots, voles, iibhokhwe zasezintabeni, neenkunzi zeegusha kunye makati. Eyona intle kwaye kunqabile ukuba nengwe irhamncwa ikhephu (ounce). Of kwiintaka - okhozi, oontloyiya, intaka, chough wasezintabeni, etc ...

neentaka zasemanzini (amadada, amadada) zifumaneka amachibi entabeni. Issyk-Kul kwixesha imfuduko angabona weentaka, kunye Bosten Lake - nogwidi kunye nengwamza emnyama. Amachibi nazo eninzi yentlanzi (rudd, uMarina, Osman et al.).

Icandelo 8. Pobeda Peak - imbali ukoyisa

Abaninzi bathi Tien Shan kwiiNtaba ku Kazakhstan, okuphakama ngabantu angaphezulu iimitha 6000, umbono ingxilimbela kumaRafa, wakhupha phantse ukuya ezulwini. Nangona kunjalo, indawo liphakamileyo nangoku ayikho apha.

Victory Peak (igama Chinese Tomur) ibekwe e Kyrgyzstan kufuphi nomda Chinese. Ifakwa kuluhlu lwe ziphakamileyo (7439 m).

Yezizathu kwincopho yoyiswa liqela climbers yiSoviet ngo-1938. Nangona kukho amathandabuzo ukuba bafika nokuba kwisamithi. Ngowe-1943, ukuze bakhumbule uloyiso phezu amaJamani kwi Stalingrad, urhulumente waseSoviet kwi Peak Pobeda wadliswa liqela.

Kwakhona, ngo-1955 ukuya ekhwela encotsheni amaqela ezimbini. Route omnye wabo wabaleka ukuya Chon-Ton ku Kazakhstan, kunye nezinye - ecaleni asterisk glacier e Uzbekistan. Ngenxa iimeko zemozulu iqela evela Kazakhstan, kufikelela kwiimitha 6,000, kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye umva. Iqela labantu-12, omnye kuphela abasindayo. Ukususela ngoko, iintaba kufuneka negama elibi. Nezinyuko uyaqhubeka namhlanje. Ngokomthetho lelona climbers ukukhalipha eRashiya kunye ico.

Isigaba 9 waseZulwini Lake Tien Shan

Nge-110 km ukusuka Urumqi, phezulu ezintabeni China, oko wayifihla idike bha Tianchi ( "Lake waseZulwini") ukanti imilo Crescent. A umphezulu indawo kwechibi malunga 5.0 macala onke. km, ubunzulu - ngaphezulu kwe-100 m.

Abantu tsalela lomlilo 'Pearl of Mountain oseZulwini. " Oku bondliwa iincopho anyibilike-manzi. Summer ichibi uyabasindisa abantu epholileyo bakhe ubushushu. Tianchi ingqongwe ngekhephu, nelamaxandeka zigqunywe ngamahlathi yompayina, kunye namasimi nentyantyambo. Enye yezi ntaba - Bogdafen incopho ukuphakama abangaphezu kwe-6000 m esibhakabhakeni ngasentla edikeni amanqe esemba ..

Igama layo yangaphambili edikeni ngo 1783. Okokuqala nje ngokuba Yaochi ( "Jade Lake"). Isithethe ithi ichibi ifonti uthixokazi Taoist Xi Wang-mu, umgcini imithombo kunye neziqhamo ukungafi. Ngasechwebeni yokukhula nomthi wepesika ezintle, ogama iziqhamo kubazisela ubomi obungunaphakade abantu.

Icandelo 10 Mountain ukhenketho

abahambi abaninzi, ingakumbi abaxhasi ezemidlalo, zama ubuncinane kanye kutyelelo ebomini Tien Shan. Amafoto ezithathwe apha sele batyelelwa abahambi, umntu uya kukunceda ubone indlela entsha yale holide. Yaye umntu uya kubaphatha zokulindela phulo elandelayo.

Eyona ndawo iphambili onke amazwe zikhankanywe ngasentla wenziwe iintaba. Akumangalisi ke ukuba le ngingqi ibe kokufanelekileyo ukuba uphuhliso kwezokhenketho ski. Kumathambeka wavula ezininzi iiholide, nelamaxandeka ezilungele zombini iingcali kunye wabaqalayo. Kuba lula ukusebenza umvuzo izixhobo abahlohli kuya kukunceda ukufunda izakhono Ukuskiya.

Hi xikombiso, ku Kyrgyzstan, ethandwa kakhulu ahlala abantu abadlala "Oru-Sai", "Orlovka" "Kashka-Suu" yaye "Caracol".

ixesha Ski kuvula ngoDisemba uze uphele ekupheleni kuka Matshi. Iinyanga kakhulu ekwehleni ziqwalaselwa ngoFebruwari noMatshi. Kwiinduli umkhenkce bekhephu akezi, nkqu ehlotyeni. Fans of freeride khon'ukuze kushenxiswe phezu kwentaba ukusebenzisa le ntaka okanye imoto. Kuba climbers ahlelwe amawa kwi iincopho kunye umkhenkce namathambeka. Le ntaba amathambeka efanelekileyo Ukuskiya kunye kili.