Immunogram - ntoni na? Oko kubonisa kubiza nalapho immunogram lizinikele kangakanani?

Lidla oogqirha amisele iziguli immunogram Study. Luhlobo luni analysis? kungenziwa njani kusetyenziswa ngayo ukuhlola umsebenzi umzimba? Njani na iisampuli ucingo? Yintoni ebonisa ukuba kwesi sifundo? Le miba umdla izigulane ezininzi okwesihlandlo sokuqala senze zonyango yokuqeshwa komntu ololu hlobo.

Immunogram - ntoni na?

Umzimba womntu osoloko ekucaca ukuba imiba yokusingqongileyo uqhagamshelane kunye izinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo, kubandakanywa iindidi ezahlukeneyo usulelo. Kunye nemisebenzi yokhuseleko ubuxoki ngokupheleleyo kumajoni omzimba womntu.

Immunogram - isifundo ebanzi, leyo, enyanisweni, inceda nokuvavanya ukusebenza kunye nemeko kwamajoni omzimba. Ngexesha analysis, yingcali kunokwenzeka ukuba zibale inani iiseli zegazi ukubala umlinganiselo wabo, kwakunye ukuvavanya umsebenzi ezisebenzayo yohlobo ngalunye izakhiwo zokuzikhusela. uvavanyo enjalo yenza ukumisela ubunzima zezigulo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka immunodeficiency kunye uxabane.

Ezibonisa zokufunda

Kakade ke, kukho ezinye izifo apho kufuna nje immunogram. Luni zokuphula? Uphando lokuqala ezifana kwenziwa kwimeko yokuba isigulane wabandezeleka abohlukeneyo, oko sele idlule ichemotherapy, okanye ixesha elide wathabatha immunosuppressants anqanda umsebenzi kwamajoni omzimba.

Ukongeza, ezi kubonakala ngenxa yokuhlolwa eziziiprayimari immunodeficiencies eziziisekondari, kwakunye urhano losulelo lwe-HIV. Uhlalutyo lwenziwa izigulane abaphethwe ukudumba lung rhoqo, izifo ezondeleyo ukudumba, usulelo elide ezinzwaneni izilonda pustular. Ukongeza, nomhlaza okukrokrelwayo okanye izifo samathambo nazo zibonisa.

Immunogram ebantwaneni ndiyibonakalalise ubukho uxabane okanye ezinye izifo iziphene kwamajoni omzimba. Uvavanyo lwenziwa kwi loo maphalo ngokoyiswa emzimbeni (kubandakanywa iintshulube), okanye usuleleko wentsholongwane egazini.

Kwezinye iimeko, ezi mvavanyo nabo badinga abafazi abakhulelweyo. Uvavanyo lokuqala umsebenzi sifo lwenziwa xa unina yi-HIV. Ukongeza, uphawu inokuba kophulwa esisigxina yolwalamano zeethishu eziphilayo mfazi kunye olungekazalwa. Kwezinye iimeko, ngexesha lokukhulelwa kukho ungquzulwano RH (Rhesus negative ukuba unina kunye omhle womntwana). Kwiimeko ezinjalo immunogram igazi nazo kuyimfuneko.

Kwakhona, uphononongo lwaqhutywa kwi sisifo rhoqo herpes simplex kunye nosuleleko cytomegalovirus. Bona iyabophelela phambi okanye bangathenjwa okanye sokuhlasela. Kwezinye iimeko, le inkomba eninzi loxinzelelo okanye ngokwasemphefumlweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Njani na iisampuli ucingo?

Uphando kunye novavanyo amajoni omzimba isebenzisa igazi yesigulane. Ngoko nangoko ke kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba olu hlalutyo ayidingi ukulungiselela ezizodwa. Blood yesampulu lwaqhutywa kusasa, kwaye isigulane akakwazi ukutya isidlo sakusasa phambi kokuba kwenziwe uvavanyo - unako ukusela kuphela iglasi yamanzi (non-nezihlwahlwazayo).

Ngokuba sifundo elithathwa ngokuba capillary (oku kwenza liqatywe encinane incam yomnwe), kunye negazi lwemithambo, kuxhomekeke ngeenjongo zokwenza uhlalutyo neempawu ekliniki. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, igazi siyahlukana yaye ngoko nangoko bafakwe ngemibhobho emibini uvavanyo. Ekuqaleni yena phantsi kweempembelelo amacandelo wangaphandle congealing. Le thrombus, nto leyo ihlwili of erythrocytes wabuya wachacha zihlalutywe yi nokwakheka plasma. In ityhubhu zovavanyo lwesibini igazi kugalelwe anticoagulants - apha igcinwe ngendlela yemvelo ulwelo.

Kwezinye iimeko, uhlalutyo kuthathwa ngamathe, lacrimal okanye ulwelo spinal, yencindi ukusuka nasopharynx kunye like. D.

Izimo kuhlalutyo

Kukho imo eziphilayo apho Uhlalutyo leyo contraindicated njenge immunogram. Yintoni na le meko? Kuba isiqalo kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isampulu yegazi singàphunyezwa ngexesha sexesheni kwabasetyhini.

Ngaphezu koko, Izimo na izifo ezosulelayo, kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo ukudumba kwinqanaba oyingozi. Xa iingxaki ezifanayo umsebenzi amajoni omzimba litshintsha, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, isifundo akunakwenzeka ukuba ulwazi. Kufuneka wenze ntoni xa sinamatyala angaka? Gcwalisa ikhosi epheleleyo yonyango alinde bachache ngokupheleleyo.

Yintoni khangela ngethuba lezifundo laboratory?

Kakade ke, izigulane ezininzi unomdla imibuzo malunga uhlobo lophando kubandakanya oko immunogram obonisa olu hlalutyo. Enyanisweni, iingcali sinikela ingqalelo ngokuyintloko iingongoma ezintathu eziphambili:

• inkqubo lweselula omzimba.
• umsebenzi Phagocytic of neutrophils.
• immunoglobulins serum.

Ngalinye kula macandelo yophando kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko kunceda ukuvandlakanya indlela abawenza ngayo iindlela ezahlukeneyo umkhosi wokhuselo.

uhlelo lweselula omzimba

Ukwenzela ukuba kujongwe ukusebenza kwenkqubo zeselula omzimba, kufuneka imisele inani T kunye B lymphocyte. Okokuqala ukukhusela tissue yibhaktheriya ezithile, izinto imingxunya amasuntswana wentsholongwane egazini. Ngaphezu koko wesiNtu ukwahlula iiseli T-umncedi ukuba ukhuphe izilwa-buhlungu kunye ne T-suppressors leyo abayithintelayo yokuqaphela zabo. Kuba inombolo kunye umlinganiselo ezi seli kwaye ibonisa immunogram. Normal - umlinganiselo phakathi T-umncedi ne T-suppressor 1,5-2.0. Inani elipheleleyo iiseli T kufuneka ingadluli 50-70% yenani lilonke kwezakhiwo immunoactive.

iiseli B zinika iseli immunoglobulin kudibaniso emva kokudibana kunye arhente zasemzini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inani labo kufuneka ingadluli 6-20%.

Ukufunda umsebenzi kunye neqondo immunoglobulin

Ukuze ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwamajoni omzimba elabhoratri kwakhona ukuqinisekisa inqanaba immunoglobulin ngalinye. Okokuqala sinikele ingqalelo ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:

• Immunoglobulin A (IgA). Neutralizes iintsholongwane nobumdaka eziveliswa iintsholongwane, kwaye linoxanduva lokukhusela inwebu yangaphakathi. Ngokwesiqhelo, le inqanaba isusela ukusuka 0.5-2.0.
• Immunoglobulin M - omzimba eveliswe umzimba olungekazalwa. Le omzimba bokuqala ezikhusela umzimba umntwana intsholongwane neentsholongwane gram-negative. Ukunyusa inani labo ibonisa ubukho ukudumba ahlekise. Ngendlela, xa inqanaba labo eqhelekileyo 0.5-2.5.
• Immunoglobulin G - na izilwa-buhlungu kade foetal ukuba isebenze iinkqubo phagocytosis, yokungenelela ubuthi awele ngumkhaya. UNorma - 5,0-14,0.
• iklasi E immunoglobulins inxaxheba kuphuhliso negazi kwaye ezikhusela gazi. Ukunyusa izinga (ngesiqhelo hayi ngaphezulu kwe 100 IU / ml), into ke leyo exela ephilayo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ntshulube kunye komzimba.

Ukuvavanywa umsebenzi phagocytic of neutrophils

Ngokuqinisekileyo, kubalulekile nje ukufumanisa inani leukocytes, kodwa ukuhlola umsebenzi wabo phagocytic, ngaloo ndlela siqinisekise ubungakanani umsebenzi wabo. Ukulungiselela le njongo elabhoratri lukhangelwe ngayo ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo asithimbe iiseli igazi zifunxe kunye ebizwa ngokuba "amasuntswana test" - esezantsi ngabo microparticles (umz, izikhuseli), kwakunye iiseli babulala bacteria (zisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo le staphylococci njongo).

Ngokuzenzekelayo, ngexesha uvavanyo ngamanye amaxesha ukuchaza izinto ezibalulekileyo njengoko umsebenzi phagocytic (inani ziiphagocytes xa ipesenti yenani zonke neutrophils kubalwa) kunye nenombolo phagocytic (avareji yenani amasuntswana latex leyo ukubamba neutrophil esebenzayo).

Enoba kunjalo, kunye neziphumo zophando ezifunyenweyo kufuneka ngoko nangoko uye kugqirha ukuxilongwa isigqibo basenokufuna ezinye iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo.

inkcazelo eluncedo

Eneneni, abantu abaninzi oogqirha amisele isifundo efanayo, ngalo mbuzo ukuba apho ungenza immunogram. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwikliniki eqhelekileyo olu hlalutyo akunakwenzeka ukuyenza, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba bakhangele kwizibhedlele ezinkulu kunye neelabhoratri zabucala. Kwityala kakhulu, ungacela ukuba umbuzo ugqirha wakho - ngokuqinisekileyo uya kunika ulwazi oluyimfuneko.

Yimalini immunogram? Le yenye ingongoma umdla kwizigulane. Enyanisweni, iindleko zophando zinokuba nomahluko, njengoko kuxhomekeke zombini kwi-nkqubo lentengo ekliniki obanyulileyo, kwaye ukusuka umlinganiselo wophando (ngamanye amaxesha nje ezimbalwa ugqirha kuyimfuneko ukuchaza imimiselo moshilongo echanekileyo). Kwi-avareji, ixabiso zokufunda isusela ukususela 1000 ukuya 9000 engange.