"Bryansk Forest" - Biosphere Reserve yi UNESCO

Inxalenye enkulu kakhulu kummandla Russia ehlanganiswa amahlathi, ngoko siza siphefumle umoya omtsha, yaye bagcine iintaka ezininzi ezinqabileyo kunye nezilwanyana. Enye yezi nelelalela "Bryansk Ihlathi", ibekwe Suzemskom kunye Trubchevsk kwizithili kummandla Bryansk, Nerusso-Desna ihlathi kunye phezu kodonga lasekhohlo Desna River, nto leyo isebe Dnieper. Le ndawo yamahlathi - 12.186 ha. Ngowe-2001 wafumana iwonga Biosphere. Apha kucwangcisa ezaziwayo ezininzi amangcwaba obelisk yesikhumbuzo kuzinze abafa apha ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokugqibela.

Wayo ummandla wolondolozo lwendalo "Bryansk Forest"

Ngenxa yokuba le uvimba ibekwe ezahlukeneyo iindawo eendawo: ehlathini, ezinamagqabi avuthulukayo namahlathi boreal - kukho eninzi kuwo
iyantlukwano enezityalo nezilwanyana. Last zizityebi neentlobo ezinqabileyo. Kwezi ndawo, abantu abaninzi amadobo moss, njengokuntshula utyani glacial: Scheuchzeria Marsh, Bog nemimirtile, willow eLapland. umdla emahlathini kumantla orchid. Zinelungelo uphuhliso zebhayoloji entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye phantse kanye ukuphendula kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo ukutshintsha kwicala embi kuqala. Ngoko ke, bonke orchid akhuselwe. "Bryansk Forest" Reserve, kufuneke senze iintlobo-19 zeentyatyambo. Ezinye zazo zidweliswe zisemngciphekweni, nto ezifana: Cephalanthera rubra, Slipper lenene, Dactylorhiza lweBaltic, epipogium itshazile. It sibonisa iintlobo 769 kwezityalo ezinemigca. Kwezi, iintlobo ezintlanu nabo kuluhlu kwincwadi yokhuseleko: dactylorhiza traunsteineri, epipogium itshazile, Slipper lenene, Cephalanthera rubra, nenekazi Dactylorhiza lweBaltic.

Izilwanyana ezihlala reserve

Nabo kula maqela kwakhona into eninzi. Izityalo nezilwanyana, ezinomqolo, ineendidi 245: 153 - iintaka, 50 - ezanyisayo, 11 - emanzini, 6 - izirhubuluzi, cyclostomes uhlobo olunye ne-24 - iintlanzi. iintlobo ezininzi ezinqabileyo zezilwanyana ezifumaneka reserve
indawo zokonga. Apha ukuzola ngokwam ubomi ndlela- nembila, beaver kakuhle chweba kunye nemisinga amaninzi iilynx emlanjeni aphile Nerusso. Iintlobo ezintandathu zeentaka esibhalwe phantsi kwiNcwadi ka-alam, kuquka: shrike gray, inyoka njengexhalanga, nengwamza abamnyama kunye nabanye. Ndawo, ngaphandle kwi reserve "Bryansk Ihlathi", akunakwenzeka ukuba ukubona zonke iintlobo ezilishumi nezinqolamthi enqabileyo European: eluhlaza, ongwevu, esimibalabala omnyama, abona esimibalabala amancinane, motley medium, ezinkulu, nezirhwexu, emhlophe-exhaswa, umAram, wryneck kunye Umbala ezintathu. Ayikho enye eYurophu ufumana zonke kunye awukwazi ukufumana. Oku idla ezinye iintlobo zeentaka ezisemantla, ezifana icula, nefubesi boreal, esimibalabala emnyama. Okulandelayo kubo Khawufan ukhululeke kwi Remez kunye egret enkulu - abahlali esemazantsi. Le ncwadi alarm Russian ezidweliswe iintlobo-12 zezilwanyana, ukhozi ezinkulu encinane ezirhwexu, nengwamza omnyama, lamprey Ukrainian, Mnemosyne, Apollo ibhabhathane, njengexhama beetle, noctule omkhulu, muskrat, oluphakathi abona esimibalabala, shrike ezingwevu, inyoka ukhozi.

Le ukukhululeka reserve kunye nemozulu

Ummandla apho i "ehlathini Bryansky" imele numbers
yehewu, libya-ukuxoka, kuhle izidanga. Akukho phezulu kakhulu okanye, phezu koko, nisin. Ubude bepali nganye ndawo - 125 m, ngelixa ubuninzi - 210 lubalaseleyo -. 140-170 m ifomu engumgxobhozo indawo yabucala kunye ebanzi izikhukhula, a umphezulu ngobunono akathandi namathala flat. iindawo River Valley Gums ufikelela kweekhilomitha 12-15, ngaphandle ububanzi unogumbe iikhilomitha ukuya ezintlanu. Yezandyondyo luphawulwa misinga kakhulu ithala ukuba ukufuna ububanzi kweekhilomitha enye ukuya kwezimbini bahlale ezindaweni enkulu. Kukho i misinga njengesiqhelo nzulu kunye neendunduma iimitha 6-9 ukuphakama, sinkholes kunye agcwalise. Imozulu kwezi ndawo subcontinental, i komndilili weqondo lobushushu yonyaka 5.4 ° ^C. I kwezulu yi 550-590 mm ngonyaka. Winter idla kubanda ngokulinganisela. Khumbula le ngoma: "Shumel kakhulu Bryansk ehlathini ..."? Oku nje malunga myezo. Ehlotyeni ishushu. Le awo obushushu yonyaka - 25-27 ^° C uninzi kunyaka - iintsuku 136-154 - ubushushu umoya degrees zero.

Okugcina Bryansk amahlathi

Polesie imifula omlambo i Desna River kunye lilungu somfula Dnieper. Olunye ulwazi malunga zamanzi aqukuqelayo nge myezo. Iintsini siteshi kwi indawo malunga 90 km, ububanzi bayo: max - 144 eemitha, njengesiqhelo - 60-80 m Poyma - engcotyeni, Amathafa, 4-5 km ebanzi ..

Enye umlambo Nerussa washiya iintsini ngabafakwa uviko, linobude kwi ariya enikwe ngayo malunga ne-110 km, ububanzi ejelo kuba ukuya kwiimitha 52, ngokuqhelekileyo - 25-30. Ububanzi wezandyondyo - 2-3 meters, oko mgxobhozo, ehlathini, engcotyeni kunye ihlathi. Kwaziwa ukususela Navlya River, North ne Usozha. Kwakhona a lot of imilambo ezincinane, ubude apho yahluka ukusuka iikhilomitha ezintlanu ukuya 38 "Bryansk Forest" Reserve, iphawulwa linani elincinane amachibi, ezo umlambo eziphambili oxbows Navlya, Nerusso neentsini. Of amadama wezandyondyo kuma ibekwe kwi obhudlayo masimu Gums Zherenskie edikeni: Lake. Big Gérin, ubunzulu oziimitha 0.3-0.4, kunye Lake. Small Gérin, malunga ezimbini neemitha enzulu. Kukho kwakhona mancinane kakhulu, uhlobo sinkholes.

Indlela ukuya reserve evela emizini ekufuphi

Ukusuka Bryansk - kuba lisekhondweni "Bryansk-Kiev" ukuya ithuba kwilali Log Raven ngayo, njalo-njalo - Umasipala Bee, Kholmech, Terebushka kunye kwilali Berezovka. Apho, kwi ziko kwaye kukho ithuba Manor engundoqo. Ukususela Trubchevsk - phezu lisekhondweni "Trubchevsk-Suzemka" entsha, Century kunye Berezovka. Ukususela Suzemka - phezu lisekhondweni "Suzemka-Trubchevsk" ku Kholmech, Berezovka. Ngololiwe - route "Bryansk-Suzemka" ku Nerussa eqongeni kunye nekhilomitha enesiqingatha ngeenyawo ukuya Manor engundoqo. Ubalawula Reserve Bryansk ulawulo ehlathini, ibekwe kwiziko lengingqi e Kalinina isitalato, inombolo yendlu 34. Le ofisi ifumene ngomsebenzi wakhe edunyiswa yi the World Wildlife Fund.