Imvula ye-Monsoon - usindiso okanye ukufa?

... Ibhakabhaka libonakala liphuka. Ngeenkwenkwezi ezigubhayo, ezigubungele yonke into ekugqibeleni, zidlulisa imilambo eqhubekayo yamanzi. Imvula ayikho kwibhakethi, kodwa ivela kumawaka amabhakethi, ihlahlela uphahla kunye nemithsaba yemithi. Ngenxa yokubonakala kwamanzi ejetshi ayikho ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-12. Ngexesha elide ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya ngokukhanyisa kwelanga, iindudumo zizamazama yonke indawo ... Kunzima ukucinga ukuba lolu hlobo lwemozulu lunokuhlala iiveki ezimbalwa.

Le yinto engummangaliso - imvula enqabileyo. Ingozi kwaye ngexesha elifanayo elihle, njengoko liba ngumgaqo wobomi bemihlaba amaninzi. Kwamanye amazwe aseMzantsi naseMzantsi-mpuma ase-Asia, imvula yamanzi ilindelwe ithemba kunye nexhala. Ukulibaziseka kwexesha elimanzi kubangela isomiso. Kwaye nemvula enkulu iholele kwizikhukhula. Bobabini banemiphumo emibi.

Imvula yenzeke njani?

Ukuqhamuka kwimoya yomoya osebenza emngceleni wolwandle kunye nomhlaba omkhulu. Into ebalulekileyo yinkathi yonyaka, oko kukuthi, batshintsha isalathiso kuxhomekeke kwixesha. Ngenxa yecandelo elithile lokufudumala nokupholisa amazwekazi kunye namanzi azungezile, iindawo ezixinzelelekileyo zengxube zemeko zenziwa. I-gradient yoxinzelelo yimbangela yokuphefumula umoya ehlobo ukusuka elwandle ukuya ezweni, kwaye ebusika - ngokuchaseneyo. Ikhefu lasehlotyeni lihamba ukusuka elwandle kwaye lizisa umoya omanzi. Amafu avela kule mihlaba yomoya ogcwele i-oceanic emoyeni ibe ngumthombo wemvula yamanzi.

Amazwe anesimo sezulu

Isiphumo esinamandla kunazo zonke sesibonakaliso somoya esibonakalayo kwimozulu yamazwe aseMzantsi Asia: iIndiya, iPakistan, iBangladesh, iSri Lanka. Abantu baseYurophu bafunda malunga nale mimoya okokuqala ngqa kwiindawo zaseArabhu. Ngoko ke, igama lesiArabhu elithi "mausim", elisentsingiselo elithi "ixesha", elitshintshile ngesiFrentshi, labizwa ngokuba yimimonyo.

Imimoya emanzi, ezisa imvula esuka elwandle ehlotyeni, iyafana neMpuma ne-South-East Asia. I-China, iCambodia, iVietnam kunye namanye amazwe ukuphuhliswa kwezolimo kubangelwa nemvula emvula.

Intshonalanga yaseMntla yaseMelika nayo isebenza kwicala lasempuma yeUnited States. E-Russia umphumo wemimoya yonyaka ubonakala ngokucacileyo kumzantsi weMpuma Ekude.

Imvula ye-Monsoon ngumcimbi osindelwe ixesha elide

Izakhamuzi zamazwe anesimo sezulu esinomsoloko zihlala zilindele ukufika kweemvula zasehlotyeni, kuba zisuka ekuhlasekeni kwazo ngexesha eliqala ukuba umsebenzi wezolimo uphumelele. Umhlaba, owomileyo ngethuba elomileyo, uzaliswa kwakhona ngomswakama. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwimilambo nakumachibi kuzaliswa, iindleko ezinkulu kwiindawo zokuhlala ziqokelela. Lo buncwane obunqambileyo busetyenziselwa ngexesha elomileyo ukunkcenkceshela amasimi.

Ixesha leemvula eziqhambileyo ziqala ngokuvuyisa kunye nemihlali ngenxa yokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide, ukufudumala kweentuthuko kugcina inyanga eziliqela. Kubonakala luhlaza, izityalo ezininzi ziqala ukuqhakaza. Eli lixesha lokuhlaselwa kwendalo. Into eyona nto kukuba ixesha lekhefu liqala ngexesha. Ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo akwenza ngaphandle kwemimangaliso engathandekiyo.

Imvula ayilungile kuphela

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, isiqalo semvula enqabileyo sinethemba lokuvuna. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo isixa semvula siyadlula yonke imigangatho. Isiphumo kukuba isiganeko esivuyisayo siba yintlekele yendalo.

NgoSeptemba 2014, babhala kakhulu malunga nezikhukhula eNdiya nasePakistan. Iimvula ezimbalwa ezixhambileyo zemvula zazibonisa iimvula ezininzi eziqhubekayo iintsuku eziliqela, ezenza izikhukhula ezinamandla. Umlambo waseGanges kunye neentlanzi zawo zavela kummandla, zikhukula kwiindawo ezikufutshane kunye neepilaphu ezilikhulu. Inani lamaxhoba lafikelela kumawaka amaninzi.

Inelisekile ngamanzi, iinqwelo ezivulekileyo zaqala ukunyuka phantsi kweentaba zeenduli kunye neentaba ezingazange zenziwe yihlathi. Isiphumo sasiyinkulungwane yamakhulu amakhulu kunye namancinci omhlaba, okwandisa isilinganiselo se ntlekele. Iindlela ezigqithisiweyo kunye nezikhukula zenze kube nzima ukuba abahlangulayo bafike baze bahluthe abantu kwiindawo eziyingozi.

Izizathu zemiphumo eyingozi

Ngokuqinisekileyo, imvula enkulu kakhulu ephakamileyo yayikhokelela kwimiphumo emibi. Kodwa zikhona izizathu ezininzi, ngokuthe ngqo ngokukhawuleza. Eyokuqala kubo kukuba uninzi lwabantu bala mazwe lihlala kwizikhukhula zeemilambo emikhulu, apho kukho indawo enobuncwane kwaye apho kulula ukubonelela ngamanzi kwenkomfa.

Isizathu sesibini kukungqothulwa kweentaba ze-Himalaya, iinqanaba zamanqatha kunye nemithambeka emide yeDean plateau. Ubuncwane obuthathekayo obuncithakaliswe phantsi kwehlathi lubamba ubuninzi bomswakama obunayo kwaye buzalise amanzi ophantsi komhlaba. Ukongezelela, iingcambu zemithi zibopha iintlobo zehlabathi, zingavumeli ukuba zibandakanyeke ekuhambeni phantsi kwethambeka ekubunjweni kwemimandla yomhlaba okanye i- mudflows.

Isiphetho silula: uyeka ukukhutshwa kwamahlathi kwiintlambo zeentaba kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okubuyisela isiqulatho semifuno. Kodwa kumazwe apho uninzi lwabantu basekuhlaleni basebenzise kuphela iinkuni njengezinto zokupheka nokutshisa amakhaya abo ngexesha lokubanda, ukuvinjelwa komthi owayo kuya kubangela iingxaki ezintsha.

I-Monsoon kwiMpuma Ekude waseRussia

I-Monsoon ifana neyona nxalenye yezantsi ye-Pacific Coast yaseRashiya. Apha, ubusi obomileyo kunye nobungqameko, kwaye ukushisa kudla ngokugqithisa nokuvula. Imihlaba yomoya omanzi ovela kuLwandle lwaseJapan kunye noLwandle lwe-Okhotsk kuletha imvula eninzi. Ixesha leemvula ezinqabileyo ePhermorsky naseKhabarovsk Krai ziyawa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kunye nokuqala kwekwindla. Ngako oko, imilambo ihamba apha kungekhona entwasahlobo, njengowombhobho ophakathi, kodwa ngo-Agasti-Septemba.

Ngo-2013 kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu kwiindawo ezikude zaseMpuma zaseRashiya ngenxa yezikhukula ezinobungozi kuMlambo wase-Amur kunye neentlanzi zayo. Umkhukula wenza umonakalo omkhulu kuqoqosho nakubantu.

Ukuxazulula ingxaki, amanyathelo ahlukeneyo acetywayo, okona kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo ukulawula umlambo ojikelezayo ngokwakhiwa kwamanzi kunye nokukhuselwa kweendawo ezinabantu ngamadama okulawula izikhukula. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuhambisa abantu kwiindawo eziyingozi kwiindawo ezingenakucingwa.

Imvula yamanzi iyimvelaphi yobumanzi obuninzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Le yinto enobungozi bemvelo, enokuba yingozi. Kodwa iimpawu ezinokubaluleka kwezimonyo zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu, ngakumbi abo bahlala kwezolimo zaseTropiki.