Dissociation of iikhompawundi ezimbaxa

Ngengqiqo ebanzi, udidi "dissociation" ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokwemiqathango physico-lwekhemikhali, kugqiba umlinganiswa yokubola iikhompawundi ezimbaxa kwi kuhlangani- zendlela elimiswe ngayo ezi zinto. Ngokukodwa ngokwahlukana dissociation electrolytic, ngawo ukuthini inkqubo sokonakalisa iikhompawundi lunzima ion phantsi kweempembelelo ezo molekyuli inyityilikiswayo. Ukanti omnye, ncam elizimeleyo iimpawu, iimbono ze dissociation na dissociation imichiza ezintsonkothileyo.

Olona phawu yale nkqubo kungenxa yokuba lo umda le khompawundi ezintsonkothileyo kuphekw ububanzi kwi nobungakanani izinto ukuzinza. Nanku lo mbono, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba ukungafani kwiindawo zangaphakathi nangaphandle ukwimo. Amasuntswana, apho ibekwe kwisigaba zangaphandle, khona kakuhle kakhulu edibene ion ezintsonkothileyo kuba unxibelelwano lwabo inikwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa imikhosi electrostatic. Ngenxa yoko - ukuba lula disengaged ukusuka izinto kwisiseko isisombululo zolwelo.

Le dissociation le khompawundi ezintsonkothileyo ebizwa zaseprayimari. Oku azakubalulwa ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Chief phakathi kwabo kumi into yokuba kuthatha indawo kwisigaba lwangaphandle kwaye iphela phantse ngokupheleleyo, yaye efanayo kwinkqubo leyo dissociation electrolytic imichiza ezintsonkothileyo. Kukho kwakhona kwenye inguqulelo yawo. Ngokomzekelo, xa sibona inkqubo ingathityazwa apho kukho sokonakalisa kwindawo ephakathi, inkqubo enjalo ibizwa ngokuba dissociation sesekondari iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo.

A impahla uphawu le dissociation zamabanga ukuba complex phakathi izinto element, ion engundoqo kunye ligand esongiweyo imo kuvuselele. Umzekelo bekuya kuba ukusabela okunjalo. Thatha isisombululo leyo iqulathe ion olunzima [Ag (NH3) 2] +. Ukuba wathinta zinjengethontsi chloride, kwezulu ezilindelekileyo asizange ukufumana. Inyaniso kukuba, ngokubanzi, ngokuhlanganisa a chloride kunye iikhompawundi zesilivere yesiqhelo kwenze livela ngokohlobo chloride zesilivere. Kucaca ukuba kulo mzekelo, inani ion eziqulethwe isisombululo ammonia, kancinane kakhulu. Oku kangangokuba xa kufakwa isisombululo of ion chloride engaphezulu, alufumani inqanaba ukunyibilika zesilivere. Kodwa ke, ukuba wena uze udibanise kwisiphumo ngesisombululo ion potassium, uyilo thina iodide yesilivere ukufumana. Oku kubonisa ukuba ion zesilivere, nangona hi mpimo lowutsongo, kodwa kunjalo khona isisombululo. Kwenze, ubukho leyo ibonisa ukuba xi yesisombululo kwanele ukwenza kwenze. Le meko wachaza into yokuba umgangatho ukunyibilika iodide Isilivere ngaphantsi kakhulu kunalowo chloride yesilivere.

Ngokutsho kulo mzekelo, kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba dissociation le khompawundi ezintsokothileyo izisombululo isekelwe imithetho mass amanyathelo izinto ze-elektroniki, nangenxa yokuba abanye linokuchazwa yi-njalo lizama ebonisa iqondo kozinzo ion. Ezi constants zahlukile kakhulu izakhiwo ion ezahlukeneyo. Isizathu sale yantlukwano wachaza into yokuba constants elithi ziquka ion kanzulu iimolekyuli. The degree of ingqalelo yahluke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba amisele iintlobo constants kozinzo le ion.

Kuba into enjalo njengoko dissociation imichiza ezintsonkothileyo, indlela uphawu ekukho kulo yokuba inowuthi xiyimiso efunyenwe ngexesha ngayo imveliso ukonakala, esitalini ngakumbi umchiza entsonkothileyo ngokwayo yaye, ke ngoko, ixabiso kozinzo ion kuya kuba ngaphantsi. Ngamasuntswana izisombululo ebonisa uzinzo ephakamileyo, namanani asezantsi njalo xenga.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho ekuthiwa-isantya dissociation sezisombululo ezintsokothileyo ndikhulile, kuba umlinganiselo kwizakhiwo ezikhoyo kwi isisombululo lohlukile. Kulo mzekelo, iyonke constants kozinzo ubalwa phinda amaxabiso constants zonke izakhiwo thaca kule isisombululo.