Iminwe ifakwe emilenzeni: izizathu kunye nonyango

Kutheni abanye abantwana abasandul 'ukuzalwa befake iminwe kwimilenze yabo? Kuthetha ukuthini le ntsholongwane kwaye sinokuyichitha? Iimpendulo kule mibuzo neminye malunga nokuphambukiswa okukhankanywe ngentla apha uya kufunda kwizinto ezikule nqaku.

Ulwazi olubanzi malunga nokugula

Iminwe ifakwe emilenzeni - le ngxaki yokuzalwa yintsholongwane ephantsi. Oku kuphambuka kubonakala kukungagqibekanga okanye ukugcwalisa ukuhlanganiswa kweminwe emibini okanye ngaphezulu. Kwiindlela zonyango, ukufakela iminwe emilenzeni kunalo igama elikhethekileyo - ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaloo ntsholongwane, umntu unokubona ukuxuba kweminwe emibili ephosakeleyo kwaye engaphantsi, kunye nokuphuhliswa kakuhle. Isiphumo sendlela esilungeleyo sisona siphene esisebenzayo kunye nesohlwayo sesigxina esisezantsi.

Intsana enokuphambukiswa okunjalo kufuneka idibene ne-geneticist ne-orthopedic surgeon. Ukuseka ifom ye-syndactyly, i-radiographic of foot should be done. Ukonyango kwesi siko kuqhutyelwa kuphela ngendlela yokusebenza. Ngelo xesha, iminwe emibili ehlanjelwe emlenzeni iyahlula, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuvalwa kweplastiki yesiphene kuyasetyenziswa.

Ezinye iinkcukacha

Ngokuchanekileyo kuthiwa ukuphuhliswa komunwe okungavamile, oku kubangelwa ukuphulwa kolwahlulo oluchanekileyo. Njengomgaqo, oku kwenzeka kwixesha lokubambela.

Iintwane ezithintekayo emilenzeni yomntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa zivela ngobunzima be-1 ukuya ku-3000. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-syndactyly iyingxenye yesiqingatha sezo zonke izinto ezingafaniyo. Olu hlobo lokukhubazeka kweenyawo lunokuba lukhetho oluzimeleyo, kwaye ludibaniswe nezinye iziphene (umzekelo, i-finger hypoplasia, i-polydactyly kunye ne-polyphalangeia, i-ectrodactyly, i-brachydactyly, i-brachial synostosis, ukwahlula kwesandla, i-ulnar okanye i-armor ye-armor, njl.

Phantse i-60% yabantwana abaye bafakela iminwe emilenzeni yabo (ifoto yesiphene esikhankanywe kule nqaku) banokuqhelana ngokungaqhelekanga kwinkqubo yokuhlawula (umzekelo, i-pseudoarthrosis, i-clubfoot, iinyawo ezingaqhelekanga, njl.).

Izizathu Zokuziphatha

Kutheni abantwana behlakulela isiphako esinjalo njengezandla zomhlaba? Izizathu zokubonakala kwelo mphambuka zingase zihluke. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba kuma-20% amacala oku ngenxa yelifa. Ngamanye amazwi, iphoso lonke liyi-autosomal uhlobo oluninzi lwelifa.

Ukuba akukho nto ihambelana nayo kwimbali yentsapho, kufuneka ukuba kucatshulwa ukuba ukuphulwa kohlulo kunye nokwakhiwa kwemigangatho engaphantsi kwefubus kwenzeka ngexesha le-embryogenesis. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenzekayo ukuba kukho izinto ezinobungozi ezahlukeneyo.

Isiphene sikhula njani?

Kutheni emilenzeni ifakwe iminwe, kunye nendlela yokuchaza ngayo lo phuhliso lwamalungu? Ukubekwa kweenyawo zomntwana ongakazalwa kungenziwa ngeveki yesi-5 yokukhula kwe-intrauterine. Kungoku ngeli xesha umntfwana angakwazi ukuhlakulela umzimba.

Ukungabikho kwesiphene, iminwe isele iqulunqwe ngeveki yesi-7. Oku kubangelwa ukukhula kweminwe yomnwe kunye nokuphuculwa kancinci kwezikhala zomhlaba. Ukuba ukunciphisa amaqhekeza e-interdigital kuphazamiseka, i-phalanges ayifani ukwahlula, oko kukuthi, ikhona i-syndactyly.

Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zokuphuhliswa kwengqondo

Iminwe ebandakanyekayo emilenzeni yomntwana ingabonwa ngempembelelo emzimbeni kumfazi okhulelweyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kwenzeka ngexesha lokungena kwamachiza, iziyobisi, kunye nokungahlali kakuhle kwempilo, umsebenzi, i-x-ray kunye nezifo ezithintekayo (umzekelo, umkhuhlane, isifo sofuba, isifo sofuba, njl.).

Ngokuqhelekileyo izizathu zokuzalwa komntwana onamahloni zihlala zingachazwanga.

Iminwe ifakwe emilenzeni - oku kudla i-defect, eyingxenye yesakhiwo se-chromosomal kunye ne-gene syndromes.

Ngendlela, kunqabile kakhulu abantu baye bafumana i-syndactyly. Njengomthetho, loo ntsholongwane iyenzeka emva kokutshiswa kweenyawo (iikhemikhali okanye i-thermal).

Iminwe ifakwe emilenzeni - lithetha ukuthini le ntsholongwane?

Abantu abaninzi ababandakanyekayo kwi-myths bayakholelwa ukuba loo ntsholongwane ayikwazi ukukhula ngokulula. Kukho uluvo lokuba lolu hlobo lokuguqulwa komzimba luyilo. Kwaye inene, iminwe edibeneyo ifana kakhulu nenqanawa.

Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bathi akukho nto ingaqhelekanga kunye neyoyikekayo kule phuhliso lonyawo. Le yinto engafanelekiyo yelungu, okulula kakhulu ukulahla, ngokukodwa kwimigangatho yokuqala yobomi bomntwana.

Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ukuba udibanise iinzwane. Oko kuthetha ukuthini, ungatshela ugqirha, kungekhona abathandi beempawu zobungqina.

Ukwahlula kwesiphene

Kumathambo, i-syndactyly ihlelwa ngokwezinga, uhlobo lokubambelela, kunye nemeko yeminwe.

Ngoku kwahlula:

• Ifomu le-Bone (ukuba kukho ukuxhaswa kwethambo);
• Ifom ye-tissue ifom (ngamanye amaxesha i-membranous and dermal).

Ukwahlula kwesiphene ngokobude buxhomekeke kwinani lama-phalanges asetyenzisiweyo kunye nobude be-fusion.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimeko yeminwe yefestile, ngoko-syndactyly inokuba nzima kwaye ilula. Kwimeko yokugqibela, ukuhlanganiswa kweminwe eqhelekileyo kwenzeka, kwaye kwimeko yokuqala, iimeko eziphambanisayo zethambo, i-articular, ithethon okanye i-ligamentous devices.

Iintlobo zeGenetic

I-Syndactyly ihlelwa ngokwemibala yemfuza:

• Uhlobo lokuqala luyi-zigodactylia. Ukuhlanganiswa okhethekileyo okanye okugqibeleleyo (webwebhu) kwee-onesibini kunye neyesithathu. Kwakhona, i-webbing phakathi kwamanye iminwe ayifakiwe.
• Uhlobo lwesibini ludibanisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kweminwe yesine neyesihlanu yonyawo ngokuphindwe kabini kwe-5. Kuba loo ntsholongwane yinto ephawulekayo: ukuphulwa kwe-reliefs yesikhumba se-soles kunye ne-hypoplasia ye-phalanges ephakathi.
• Uhlobo lwesithathu. Amacwecwe amabini ahlangene ahlangene kunye neminwe yesi-5 yesandla. Kule meko, iinyawo azichaphazelekayo.
• Uhlobo lwesine luhlobo lweGaza. Gcwalisa i-skinal dermatology yesandla. Kule meko, ukunqotshwa kweenyawo akukho.
• Uhlobo lwesihlanu. Ukudibanisa imetatara kunye namathambo e-metacarpal. Kwizandla kaninzi kukho ukuhlanganiswa kweminwe emi-3-4, kunye neenyawo - 2 no-3.

Iimpawu eziMfihlelo

Ngendlela ehambelana neenyawo zomntwana, ukuhlanganiswa kweminwe yesi-2 neyesithathu kudlalwa rhoqo. Kule meko, i-phalanges engahambelananga inokuthi ingaphuhliswa okanye iqhutywe ngokuqhelekileyo. Kwezinye iimeko kukho ukuncipha kwinani leminwe ngenxa yokuchithwa kwe-amniotic.

Ngokungafani nabantwana abanezandla ezandleni zabo, abantwana bahlakulela ngokukhawuleza kwiinyawo zabo ngokuqhelekileyo. Abanalo ingxaki ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukunyuka kobunzima beenyawo akuenzi ukufunda nzima, kwaye akunakuze kubekho umda wokukhetha umsebenzi ozayo.

Kufunyanwa njani?

Kufunyanwe njani ngeminwe ehlonyelwe emilenzeni (uphawu lwelolu hlobo lwesicatshulwa oluchazwe ngasentla)? I-Syndactyly ifunyanwa ngu-neonatologist emva kokuzalwa komntwana. Ukuqwalaselwa okuqhubekayo komntwana kwenziwa yonyango loogqirha lwezilwanyana. Ukukhuphela ngaphandle kwe-chromosomal ne-gene anomalies, i-geneticist ingaxhunyezwa.

Nangona kunjalo ukuba ukuxilongwa okunjalo kusekwe emva kokuhlola okubonakalayo ukucacisa uhlobo lwesiphene, kunye nokuphuhliswa kweendlela zobugcisa, isifundo esifanelekileyo sifanele senziwe.

Imifanekiso yeenqwelo-moya ezinyaweni ezimbini zivumela iingcali ukuba zihlolisise ubuninzi beethambo zamathambo, imeko yamajoyina, ubungakanani kunye nobukho befusion bone. Ukuchonga iimpawu zokujikeleza kunye nenethiwekhi ye-vascular in iminwe u-UZDG, rheovasography, i-angiography kunye ne-electrothermometry.

Unyango lwe pathology

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphilisa iminwe emihle kwimilenze? Umsebenzi wokuhlukanisa i-phalanges yisisombululo kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ku funeka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukungenelela kwindlela yokuhlinzwa kusetshenziselwa kuphela ukulungelelaniswa kweminwe. Ngokubhekiselele kwi-stop fused stop phalanx, kulo mzekelo umsebenzi awubonakalwanga. Ukuba loo ntsholongwane ikhusela ukuhamba ngokuqhelekileyo, kwangokunjalo ukungenelela kusenziwa.

Usebenza nini?

Ixesha kunye neendlela zokungenelela kwongxamiseko zijoliswe ekuqwalaseleni uhlobo kunye nesimo sesiphene. Injongo yolu hlobo unyango ukuphelisa i-defective cosmetic, kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi weenyawo okanye isandla.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusebenza liyiminyaka engama-4-5. Ukuba umntwana osana olusandul 'usana unesifo sokuphela, ukungenelela kwenziwa kwincingci yesibini yobomi bakhe. Oku kunceda ukukhusela ukutshintsha kweminye iminwe kunye nokukhula okungalinganiyo kwe-phalanges.

Uphando luya kuhamba

Ngexesha lotyando, iindlela ezilandelayo zokuhlinzwa zingasetyenziswa:

• Ukwahlukana kweminwe ebandakanyiswe ngesikhumba seplastiki yezicubu zendawo;
• Ulwahlulo lwe-webbed adhesion ngaphandle kwesikhumba seplastiki;
• Ukwahlukana kweminwe edibeneyo, encediswa yi-plasty yesikhumba edibeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-autografts yamahhala kunye nezicubu zendawo;
• Ukwahlukana kweminwe edibeneyo, eyongezwa ngumhlaza wesikhumba esihlawulekayo kunye ne-flap ye-skin-split full-layered or split;
• Amanyathelo angenelelo ngeeton-muscle, isikhumba kunye namathambo eplastiki.

Ixesha elingasemva

Emva kokungenelela kwongqongqongo, i-gypsum ekhutshweyo inokuthi ibeke umlenze ongenakunqanda iminwe eyahlukileyo. Kucetyiswa ukuba uyigqoke ubuncinane ubuncinane kwiinyanga eziyi-3-4.

Kwiintsuku ezili-15 emva kokusebenza, isiguli siya kubuyiselwa. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa ukusikwa kwezandla okanye iinyawo, usebenzise unyango, i-ultraphonophoresis ene-lidase, ukuchithwa kwe-electrostimulation yemisipha yeminwe, i-ozocerite, iparafini kunye nezicelo zodaka.

Uwonke msebenzi

Ukusetyenziswa ekusebenzisweni kwanamhlanje, iindlela zokunyanga ngokukhawuleza zinika iziphumo ezinononophelo kunye nezisebenzayo. Ngokungenelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kungekhona nje isakhiwo esiqhelekileyo, kodwa nemisebenzi yesandla neenyawo ibuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ukusebenza ukuphelisa ukulungelelaniswa kwaba yimpumelelo xa isigulane singenayo imivalo engqongqo kunye ne-deal deformation yeminwe, kunye nenani elipheleleyo lokunyuka kwamalungu e-interphalangeal (ukunciphisa, ukwandiswa, ukwandiswa kunye nokuhamba) kubonwa, ukuqonda umsebenzi (kwimeko yebhashi), uvakalelo olufanelekileyo kunye nesimo sendalo Izikhala phakathi kweminwe.

Ukuba unyango lwe-syndactyly alunqunywanga, oko kungenokuba nomthelela omubi ekuphuhliseni nasekukhuleni kwilungu lomntwana.