"Imilenze ye-Bush": umgangatho wenyama kunye nezoqoqosho

Ngethuba lethu, imilenze yenkukhu iyaqhelekileyo kwaye iyaqhelekileyo yonke impahla, apho abemi abaninzi belizwe abangayikhokheli ingqalelo. Kwaye abantu basetyenziselwa ukufumaneka kwabo rhoqo kwintengiso abayilibalayo ngisho negama labo lokuqala kwimimandla yabantu - "Imilenze yaseBush". Kwaye nangona kunjalo ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo le mveliso yadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakheni ubudlelwane phakathi kweUnited States of America kunye neRussian Federation.

Sindiso kulambile

Ekuqaleni kowe-1990, imeko yokutya kwi-Soviet Union yayibalulekile. Ukutya kwakumancinci kwaye kuncinci, kwaye imigca yabantu, ngokuchaseneyo, yanda ngejubane eliphambeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngelo xesha, ubuhlobo kunye neUnited States bomelela yonke imihla. Kwaye ngomzuzwana othile, intloko ye-USSR, uMikhail Gorbachev, isayinwe ngenye indlela isivumelwano somlando kunye nomlingani wakhe waseMelika uGeorge Bush Sr., ebonisa ukuba iUnited States yayiza kunika iManyano ngemilenze yenkukhu kwifom egcwebileyo, ekugqibeleni bayifumene, bayifumene Igama "imilenze yaseBush".

Icandelo lezoqoqosho

Esi sigqibo phantsi kwezi meko sinenzuzo, eqinisweni, kumacala amabini. I-USSR ilahlekile ingxaki yokutya, kwaye i-US ifunyenwe ngokwayo imarike enkulu yayo ayikho imveliso yokutya esoloko. Imilenze yaseBush yaqala ukunikezelwa kwi-Union kunye nangenxa yokuba inani elincinci lamaMerika likhetha inyama yenkukhu emhlophe, yingakho i-market ye-US yayingathengiswa ngokuthengisa kwimakethe yasekhaya yase-United States, ngenxa yoko, kukho intsalela. Ngako oko, uB Bush umdala wagqiba ekubeni ukuthengisa le mveliso kwi-USSR kuya kuba noqoqosho oluchanekileyo kwaye luchaneke ngokupheleleyo kwiinjongo zoqoqosho.

I-wand-rescue rescue

Njengoko ixesha libonisile, "imilenze" yaseBush eRashiya yabonakala yintsindiso yangempela kubemi abaqhelekileyo beli lizwe ngethuba lokulahleka okukhulu okwenzeka ngexesha loqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo. Kwaye nangona xa uBoris Yeltsin efika egunyazisiweyo ngeengcamango zakhe zokuzikhethela zemakethe yamahhala, ngenxa yokuba ixabiso lazo zonke iimpahla zakhula ngento ephindaphindiweyo, imilenze yenkukhu yemveliso yaseMelika yayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwaye izinzile. Oku kwanika ithuba elifanelekileyo lokutya abantu abaneempahla ezingaphantsi, kuba omnye "umlenze waseBush" uvumelekile ukupheka isitya eshushu (isobho okanye iborsch) kwintsapho epheleleyo.

Isixhobo sokuxhaphaza

Ngo-2005, isivumelwano sokuthengisa sasayinwa phakathi koorhulumente baseRashiya nabaseMerika, ukususela ngo-2009 i-74% yeengcaphuno zonke zeenkukhu zaseRashiya ezazingeniswayo ziza kuba yi-United States kuphela. Ngelo xesha, kwachazwa ukuba ngamnye unyaka umlinganiselo wesibonelelo kufuneka ukwandiswe ngamathani angama-40 000. Ukongeza, imilenze yenkukhu yaseMerika yathengiswa eRashiya ngamanani okulahlwa, abulale ngokutsha abavelisi beenkukhu abangenakukwazi ukumelana nabakhuphiswano baseNtshona. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngenxa yoko, umgcini wendlu yase-United States wayemele "emilenzeni ye-Bush" nangaphandle kwe-Alaska - imali engenayo yaseMelika evela kwinkukhu eyayithengiswa phezu kolwandle yayinkulu kakhulu.

Inkontileka enjalo yenza amacala omabini. "Imilenze ye-Bush", iifoto zazo zinikezelwa ngezantsi, ziye zaba yi-lever yangempela yezopolitiko kunye neRashiya kunye ne-United States. Into yokuba iRashiya sele ilukhuni kakhulu ukuyeka le mveliso ngenxa yokuba idume ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabantu. Ngelo xesha, amaMerika ayengenalo umdla wokulahlekelwa yimarike enkulu, njengaseRashiya, kuba i-40% yesikhumba senkukhu esithengiswa ngelo xesha yayibalelwa kuyo.

Ultimatum

Ngo-2006, iRashiya yanikela isiqhelo kwi-United States, eyathi ukukhethwa kwezorhwebo ekungenisweni kwemveliso yezolimo (kuquka imilenze yaseBush) kuya kupheliswa ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo weRashiya ufikelele kwi-World Trade Organization (WTO).

Insight

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, xa kudala ixesha elide lokufumaneka kweemveliso ezinkukhu, inkuba ephakamileyo yaqala ukuphakama. Abemi abaqhelekileyo belizwe baqala ukuxhalabisa kakhulu, nokuba ngaba kungenzeka ukuba badle "imilenze ye-Bush" endiyithandayo kakhulu, umxholo wekhalori owawuphakamileyo kakhulu (ii-kilogram eziyi-158 nge 100 gram yemveliso). Ukuphinda kwakhona ukuhlolwa kweengcali kuthi kule miqolo yenkukhu ukugxilwa kwamahomoni ahlukahlukeneyo kunye namayeza anqabileyo kwintaka kwinkqubo yokukhula kwayo esebenzayo. Ngenxa yoko, abathandi beehams ezinjalo baqala ukuhla kwexabiso elikhulu emzimbeni kunye nokuvela kweziganeko ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinobungozi. Ukongezelela, kukho inkcazelo yokuba kwinkukhu yaseMelika kukho iindleko ezinkulu zamahomoni amabhinqa, awonakalisa kakhulu umzimba wesilisa.

Kwaye kwaziwa noluntu ukuba abavelisi beenkukhu zaseMerika kwiifekthi zabo basebenzisa i-chlorine. Ngelo xesha, izikhulu zaseburhulumenteni zase-US zavumela ukuxinwa kwale nxalenye yeekhemikhali kumlinganiselo wama-20-50 ngamalungu kwisigidi. Ngokutsho kwabanikazi beefama zeenkukhu, ezi zixazululo ezincinci zichlorine azikwazi ukuthwala ingozi kunye nosongelo kwimpilo yabantu. Ngethuba elifanayo, kwaneenkcukacha ezinokuthi zenzeke ukuba zanele ukuba oogqirha bezempilo bahlaziye i-alamu, kunye nabathengi abakhona kunye nabathengi basebenzayo bacinga malunga nokuqikelela kokuthenga loo milo yenkukhu.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwalo lwazi aluzange luyeke, kwaye abantu baqhubeka befumana ukuba sele beba malunga nemilenze yaseMerika. Kwaye nangona umntu efuna ukuthenga amathanga enkukhu engazange akhiqizwe e-United States of America, abathengisi abashushu kwiimarike kaninzi basoloko "baxubusha" phantsi kokukhangela kwemveliso eyenziweyo, umzekelo, eBrazil.

Ukutshitshiswa kwamazwe ngamazwe

Ngo-2002, "imilenze kaBush" kwaye yawa phantsi kokuvalwa kwenyanga enye. Iphoso lonke libangelwa kukuba ibhaktheriya ye-Salmonella pathogen, inobungozi ebomini babantu, yafunyanwa kwi-legcakes evela kwi-United States yaseMerika. Le nkqantosi yonakalisa kakhulu idumela labaseMerika kwaye yabangela ukuba bangathembeki baseRussia.

ITaboo

Impahla yaseMelika iphinde ibe yinto yokugculelwa kwabaninzi abahlaziyi, "bahamba" kubo kunye nomntu owaziwayo uMikhail Zadornov. "Imilenze ye-Bush" kodwa ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2010 kwavalwa. Oku kwakubangelwa ukuba umyalelo wasayinwa kunye nesayineli yonyango okhuselekileyo waseRashiya, owathetha ngokungavumelekanga kokuthengisa iimveliso zeenkukhu ebantwini, okuveliswa ngokusebenzisa i-klorine.

Ukungenisa indawo endaweni

Ngo-Agasti 2014, iRussian Federation yenze i-embargo epheleleyo yezorhwebo kwimveliso yonke nemveliso evela e-United States. Emva koko, "imilenze yaseBush," iresiphi yokupheka apho iminyaka emininzi yokubonelela kwabo yaziwa kwiintsapho ezininzi zaseRussia, zayeka ukuthunyelwa eRussia. Kwaye sele sele ngoMeyi 2015, uDmitry Medvedev, ongumboninkulu welizwe, kwaye wathi i-Russian Federation ingakwazi ukuzalisa ngokupheleleyo imakethe yayo yasekhaya kunye nenkukhu inyama. Ngako oko, imilenze yenkukhu yanamhlanje, elele kwiitrhefu ezitolo kunye nevenkile, akukho nto enokuyenza ngayo ne-US, kakhulu ngaphantsi noMongameli wangaphambili uBush.