Ubume kunye nomsebenzi kwamadlala amathe

Ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi kwakukho ngendlela umdla ukufumanisa ukuba unetyala okanye hayi. Waye wacela ukuba azame irayisi eyomileyo. Ukuba umntu ukuginya, ngoko mna afunyaniswe enetyala. Ngoku kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa intliziyo indlela enjalo umsebenzi kwamadlala amathe. Esi sihloko kwaye iya kunikezelwa kwinqaku lethu.

Iimpawu ngesakhiwo kwenkqubo zokwetyisa komntu

inkqubo sokugaya woMntu thaca sinezigaba ezibini. Oku "ityhubhu" Kwathi-ngalo, ekuthiwa lokugaya wesinye. Zakutshanje izithako ezikhethekileyo - enzymes. Bona akhawulezise ekudibaneni kwemichiza, nto leyo inceda ndoyidiliza ukutya phecana. Xa abantu, iintlobo ezintathu kwamadlala. I yangaphambili ziquka amathe. Bona ise em- ngomlomo.

Yintoni umsebenzi kwamadlala amathe? Bona zinika processing ephambili ukutya. Nangona enzayim iqulethe namathe, ekwaziyo ohlaba carbohydrate ezinzima kuphela zibe lula.

Ekugayeni em- ngomlomo

Umsebenzi kwamadlala amathe uqalisa lwenziwa kuphela emva kwenzeka uhlalutyo ngomlomo incasa yokutya kunye obushushu. Oku kwenzeka ngoncedo kwingxelo vakalelo luphezulu isifo, - receptor.

Kanye apha emlonyeni, ukutya desensitised kwaye ngomshini usebenzisa amazinyo. Xa abantu, ukuba umahluko. Kuxhomekeka isakhiwo, ifomu kunye umsebenzi Ukwahlula ukuba siphume, canines, imihlathi ezincinane nezinkulu. Oku kwenzeka kwakhona kwaye processing eekhemikhali ukutya kunye namathe.

Ubume kunye nomsebenzi kwamadlala amathe

Xa abantu, kukho izibini ezintathu ezinkulu kwamadlala amathe: parotid, submandibular kunye sublingual. Eyokuqala ise ummandla izihlunu masticatory. Ewe yatyeba ngaphezu luvo yobuso, carotid kwemithambo kunye emthanjeni. Le ndawo sublingual imibhobho open unamadlala submandibular. ukuba basithwesa ngamasebe kwemithambo yobuso. Sublingual ezizezona zincinane ubukhulu phakathi kuluhlu. Bona ise isondo eponymous. Kuba kwamadlala amathe nabancinane ePalatine, zeelwimi, labial, buccal kunye izinyo. Beka endaweni yabo isifo ngomlomo.

umsebenzi ndlala amathe ukudla ixhomekeke ikakhulu isakhiwo esiqwini, leyo kwakhiwa - oko kukuthi, epithelium glandular. Le lolwabo iqulathe, iiseli ezincinane ukuze kuthinteleke ukubola okudalwa. Ngenxa kule sakhiwo kudala umqobo yendalo phakathi eziphilayo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Ukubunjwa amathe

Ekubeni umsebenzi ndlala amathe njengoko xa belele kunye lwahlukane zaseprayimari nokwakheka ukutya yincindi awo amanzi kunye nee-enzayim ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu yesitalato ngamathe yi lulwelo muco-enamathelayo. Ukuba amanzi isiseko salo, abahlala ngaphezu kwe-98% ye-kuqamba iyonke. Enzyme, eziquka amylase, maltase kunye lysozyme kwetyiswe carbohydrate. ukuvumelana kwiinwebu amathe likubona into ethile - mucin. impahla eyahlukileyo hormone parotin. Kwakhona ifumaneka ematheni kwaye nokomeleza lwawo.

Komgodi ngomlomo uhlala zabelwe izimbiwa kunye izinto eziphilayo. Iqela lokuqala siqulathe ion isodiyam, potassium, calcium, lesilicon, nemagnesium, ikopolo, kwakunye kloride zabo, carbonates phosphate. kumalungu kweziphilayo amathe ziiproteni, iienzymes, iihomoni kunye neevithamini.

Kodwa ipesenti lweziqalelo data akwenzeki njalo. izinto Ukwakhiwa amathe inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubudala, imeko yempilo, ukwakheka ukutya, ubukho imikhwa emibi ebantwini. Ngenxa yoko, izinga Iamoniyam kwi abatshayayo iphezulu kakhulu, kuba le nto yokungenelela buthi umsi wecuba. Nge ubudala, amathe womntu isiqulatho nangakumbi magnesium calcium.

lysozyme

Igama lesibini weli - muramidase. It kokwabo iqela enqanda hydrolytic. Koko amathe, lysozyme na kulwelo iinyembezi, iqokobhe phecana zesisu, yencindi ngeempumlo, igazi, isibindi, intlala. A lot of kwalo kanye ngobisi lwebele. An into umdla kukuba kule abantu kulo mba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba inkomo. Kwaye phezu kwexesha, imali lysozyme kwi ubisi liyenyuka.

Muramidase ikwazi ohlaba iindonga iseli iintsholongwane. Oku kuchazela abafundi iimpawu zayo magciwane. Esisityebi lysozyme kunye egg elimhlophe. Phakathi eziphilayo zezityalo lo mgubo iqulethe horseradish, theniphu, ikhaphetshu kunye isithombo.

Amylase kunye maltase

Umsebenzi enqanda unamadlala amathe - ngokuyintloko ukwabiwa iimfihlelo ukwaphula phantsi polysaccharides. Bebonke kukho malunga amahlanu. Abo yezikhokhelo amylase kunye maltase.

carbohydrate Complex zibizwa nazo iswekile. Kodwa ke oku akuthethi ukuba elithozamisayo ukunambitheka. Ngoko ke, bonke ukutya zizityebi polysaccharides imvelaphi yemifuno. Kodwa kukho incasa kamnandi cleavage zabo. Le meko kungenxa yokuba ekuhambeni kwale nkqubo kuvelisa monosaccharides, okanye iswekile elula. Zinelungelo ubumnandi.

Kutheni ukutya yezityalo zifunxe ngokukhawuleza kangaka? Into yokuba i-enzayim amathe ziqala ukuyeka carbohydrate emlonyeni kakade. Kodwa iiprothini kanye carbohydrate aqhekeke abe monomers kuphela esiswini phantsi. Carbohydrate naye ukuba kukho sele bahlukana kwaye alungele ukufunxeka. Ngoko ke, ukutya izityalo lula kakhulu umsebenzi kwinkqubo yokwetyisa.

Properties enzyme amathe okwangoku ngokubanzi esetyenziswa kwishishini. Umzekelo, amylase, eziqulathe igwele, wongezelela ukuba wazosa izonkana impahla ukuphucula umgangatho wabo. Kodwa phambi kwazo iisepha uyakwazi ukuba kwetyiswe ngokukhawuleza istatshi.

mucin

Umsebenzi kwamadlala amathe naye moistening umlomo kunye amasuntswana ukutya. Iqhuba mucin. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba yencindi yomlomo. Kodwa enyanisweni ke iproteni entsonkothileyo owenziwe ngayo, ukongeza acid asidi, carbohydrate zifakiwe. Mucin yenza amathe viscous kuba uyakwazi ukugcina amanzi. Yena ziqina ehlafuna luzizicuku ukutya, ebenza ziyakwazi sicatshulwa kwakhona ngokusebenzisa lokugaya. Ukongeza, yencindi naye iintsholongwane izakhiwo. Oku kuthintela uncamathiselo iintsholongwane ukuba isifo somlomo, kwakunye nokwanda yabo kwisisu yayo.

Njani namathe

Inkqubo amathe reflex kwenzeka. Xa abadla ukudla Iyandikruqula ulwimi receptors kunye nomlomo. Oku kuvelisa luvo amaza benze imicu sensory kwi Oblongata Medulla. Kukho kumbindi izinkcwe. Ekubeni amaza ebuyela amadlala. Ngenxa yoko, zivuze izinkcwe. Ebudeni mini eveliswa ngabantu neelitha 1.5. Izinkcwe ekutyeni uza ngqo emlonyeni, ngokuba unconditioned.

Kodwa oko kunokuthi kwenzeke ngaphandle phambi kokutya. Umzekelo, ematheni ke idla nabantu emehlweni ukutya okanye umfanekiso walo, ingqondo ivumba, okanye wacinga ngayo. khumbula nje, ikhangeleka ngathi kulamula ezimuncu. Oku ngokukhawuleza lenze izinkcwe. Kodwa kufuneka ube reflex conditioner.

Kuthiwa phantse akemi ngaphandle ngexesha ebuthongweni namathe. Ukunciphisa inani layo kunye ngexesha iimeko xi enzima, izenzo zomzimba, kunye emzimbeni, enokuphazamisa imithambo-luvo, ukuya exesheni, ukusilela kwezintso seswekile.

Oku kwaziwa njengokuba isifo esinganyangekiyo apho isixa amathe akwanelanga. Ibizwa ngokuba xerostomia. Iimpawu zesi sifo umlomo owomileyo, viscosity ngokugqithisileyo ngamathe, incasa yokutya novelwano, iintlungu ngexesha yokuginya nokuthetha.

ukudla ukuginya

Umsebenzi kwamadlala amathe, olwenzeka emlonyeni, eyenza kube lula ukuba baqhubele phambili ukukhuthazwa ukutya. Ngexesha ukutya wabaginya, ukuba sele zoomatshini elinqunqiweyo ngokushiyanayo, zimanzi, ngokomkhethe kwetyiswe. ulwimi olunye utyhala iqhuma ukutya umqala. Njengoko engena kuvuleke iminxunya? Oku kungenxa eyi- elwimini nasemqaleni kwizihlunu. Ngeli xesha, emnyango ngokuma uvala intlala supraglottic. udonga esophageal ngexesha elinye nazo sinciphile nentlama ihamba nakwezona nxalenye eyandisiweyo yokusebenza imizimba - isisu.

Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi amadlala abantu amathe ilandelayo:

- enzyme - ukwetyisa wekhabohayidreyiti ezimbaxa zibe lula;

- zothintelo - neutralization ezincinane, ukuphilisa isifo somlomo, ukunika umboniso phezu lwawo izinyo, ebakhusela organic asidi;

- sokugaya - ilele kunye ukuthamba ukutya;

- hormone - ukubonelela ehlukene izicwili amazinyo eqinileyo;

- ukucoca - elution nokususwa ukusuka kwisisu ngomlomo amasuntswana amazwe, iintsalela ukutya, kwaziwe ityhefu.