Bylichki - uhlobo sobunyani isilungisi

Bylichki - a uhlobo lwemveli ngomlomo. Yinto encinane ngobukhulu, kodwa ibali ngokweemvakalelo kakhulu malunga intlanganiso leyo senzeka ngqo kunye nabemi lemimoya okanye nokuphosa phambi kwabo ongabonakaliyo, zaza zafa zonke iintlobo sesichengeni kwabantu. Olona phawu loqobo lolu hlobo njengobungqina okanye uqinisekiso inkolelo.

Provenance

Eastern nokuxubana wayekholelwa ukuba koothixo bobuhedeni aba yinxalenye yobomi babo bemihla ngemihla kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Entsimini, nasemakhaya, emlanjeni kwaye emahlathini, sokuhlambela, koovimba bahamba ubukho bomntu. Babekunye naye ukususela ekuzalweni de yokungcwaba uze kumhlangabeza naye kokufa, emva kokufa. Zonke abameli ingenakubalwa amabutho ezimbi: brownies kunye Bannikov, oothikoloshe kunye namanzi, Nokothuka kunye sikamamlambo - ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu kunye inkcubeko yemveli Russia yobuhedeni, ngoko le mifanekiso bafudukela lwemveli Russian, kuquka amabali ayinyaniso namabali. Alicandelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso uhlobo yaba ukunqulwa endalo, nto leyo yaba ngokubaluleka ezinzima lokuqulunqa nokuphuhlisa inkcubeko, ezentlalo kunye nenkqubo yezopolitiko yaseRashiya. Abameli Habitat le demonology olusezantsi emahlathini, amanzi, kumgxobhozo, emangcwabeni, intsimi, lokusila, ndlu, igumbi, kunye nexesha msebenzi - ixesha ebusuku (ngongcwalazi, ebusuku). Eli esiveza ixesha isithuba amabali kakhulu oyinyaniso.

uphuhliso uhlobo

Bylichki kunye byvalschiny babe izinto ingqalelo izazinzulu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX. inani elikhulu izicatshulwa ziye zabhalwa ebudeni beli xesha, nto leyo ipapashwe ngokuqokelela ezahlukeneyo, kunye imibhalo iintsomi, epics, njl Ngelo xesha, kwakukho umkhwa ukuba igama amabali ayinyaniso "byvalschinkoy", "byvalschiny". folklorists abaninzi baqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi-ntonye ingcamango "Legend", "izithethe", "byvalschiny". Kodwa amabali ayinyaniso - kokuqala kunye unique kwicala ngayo iintsomi, apho kungenxa ezichaphazela ngayo uhlobo (ukusetyenziswa mibala zemveli, abalinganiswa ezinxulumene kwemvelo kunye nokuthembela kwi amava lobuqu sebali) ihamba kufutshane byvalschiny, amabali kunye namabali.

Okukodwa

Bylichki uye umahluko ebalulekileyo ukusuka amabali kunye iintsingiselo jikelele nge kuba byvalschiny ngaba isibheno izithethe, aze abalise ibali kwethuba mihla sobomi kwenzeke okanye ngqo ne umbalisi okanye izalamane zakhe, abahlobo okanye abahlobo abahlobo (elona nani ezingakumbi) . Ngenxa yoko, lwentando uhlobo kufuneka iqwalasele ukufakelwa leyinene ochazwe yi yesehlo. Amaxesha amaninzi, eli bali lichaza iziganeko ngokuphindaphindiweyo ephindaphindekayo ukuba mhlawumbi kungenzeka ne kumphulaphuli. amabali True - oku ingcaciso ethile nyaniso, kodwa kunokuba isilumkiso okanye ibali nje ongasithemba malunga ngesiganeko zicinywe angaphezu kwendalo.

isisekelo

Isiseko amabali lokwenyaniso wobulawa ingahle yenzeke amatyala zitolikwa ekukhanyeni iinkolelo ezikhoyo kunye nokumela nangqondo. Ezi kufuneka sibandakanye amabali ukuba oomama ngabom ukoyikisa abantwana - nakoomoya abakhohlakeleyo, ukuxhwila abantwana, iziporho, Ogres, njl Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, amabali bokwenyaniso - kunoko, libali kukududuzela.

Ukuhlelwa ngokweendidi nemisebenzi

Bylichki zihlelwa ngokoko ikuquletheyo. Amacandelo labelwe abalinganiswa abaphambili - abalinganiswa nangqondo. Umzekelo, uyakwazi etha amabali ayinyaniso:

• nakoomoya indalo: iLeshem, abasebenzi intsimi, Lady Emini, amanzi, mermaids;
• malunga imimoya lwasekhaya: izindlu ovinnik, Bannikov, bean;
• inyoka, uMtyholi okanye esihogweni.

Thaca izidalwa yeedemon wentsomi bazisa ngaphezulu kuloyiko efihlakeleyo kunye neminqweno nje oqhelekileyo, kunye ukuvela kwazo mythologized Ngenxa ihlabathi nomntu ngokwakhe.

Nkqu amabali ayinyaniso iintsomi ekuthiwa okhokho. Sam EM Meletinsky wababiza "ngukhokho ngumntu wasentsomini." Maxa wambi, ezinye abalawulwa uhlobo zithathwa njengesiseko umsebenzi wobugcisa: njengomzekelo unako ukukhonza njenge "Wii" NV Gogol. Okanye isithethe eyimfihlakalo zibandakanyiwe kwitekisi, njengoko wenza i SI Turgenev ibali "Bezhin engcotyeni." amabali Liyinyaniso elokuba, njengaye nawuphi na intsomi, ahlanganise abangamaKristu langaphambi kobuKristu. lweengcinga zobuhedeni ze the nokuxubana yamandulo ibonisa abalinganiswa nezenzo zabo, kunye nenkqubo namakhubalo ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezininzi zamaKristu. Ukholo, umnqamlezo, uphawu lomnqamlezo, umthandazo, amanzi angcwele, ikhandlela ibandla, intsimbi yokukhala - konke oku, ngenxa yenkolelo ngokuqinileyo zomawokhulu, azigxothe imimoya engendawo.