Kutheni Ukraine igama Ukraine? History of Ukraine

Kutheni Ukraine igama Ukraine? Igama leli lizwe weva kwikota yokugqibela yenkulungwane yeshumi. Ixesha lokuqala oko abakhankanywe íOpus zembali "I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", apho umbhali ubalisa ibali ukufa Prince Vladimir Pereyaslav Glebovich ngo-1187. Ithi: "amlilela zonke Pereyaslavets ... Ngasemva kuye, Ukraine buhlungu kakhulu." Lo msebenzi yaveza ingcamango "Ukraine", ibali isihloko kunye nophuhliso lweli lizwe. Kunye neminyaka emibini kamva, ngowe-118 m, kuye wathi Prince Rostislav, ngubani uhlawule utyelelo "eUkraine Compostela".

Lo mbuzo Ukraine

Kutheni Ukraine igama Ukraine? Lo mbuzo izazinzulu abanomdla elide, kodwa impendulo ecacileyo ukuba ayikho namhlanje. Abanye abaphandi bachaza imvelaphi elithi "buthelezi" - Remote kanye embindini iqhekeza intsimi, ngaphandle ilali kumngcipheko - umda ndawo. Ngamanye amazwi - ilizwe, ukwalathelwa Krajina kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa, nto leyo esondeleyo umoya eli lizwe, ilizwe lokuzalwa. Imvelaphi yegama i Ukraine iingcambu ezahlukeneyo.

Nantsi enye imbono - Ukraine, efana, livela elithi "ukrayat" (kunqunyulwa). Ngamanye amazwi, intsingiselo yegama elithi Ukraine njengoko igama karhulumente - isiqwenga somhlaba, ukrayany (cut) ukusuka yonke, leyo kungekudala waba mnye-sifuba (ilizwe free).

Kukho kweenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo. Imvelaphi igama Ukraine edibene amazwi: Imida Krajina (ilizwe). Nangona kungekho uxhulumaniso ibonakale. Nini igama Ukraine? Kukho iingcinga ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko izazinzulu wafunda imvelaphi yegama - ayaziwa, kodwa inkqubo ukuvela ingcamango "Ukraine" iye ixesha elide yaye izigaba ezininzi.

Edge esikhundleni yabadla

Igama elithi "buthelezi" kwixabiso "ingxenye, isiqwenga somhlaba," eyaziwa ukususela kwimihla ulwimi Old Slavonic. Namhlanje, eli gama ifumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi Slavic, ngokuba izizwe Slavic bezisoloko ilizwe esahlula imida bendalo - emlanjeni, ehlathini, nomgxobhozo. Ngenxa yokuba lo gama nalo luye lwaba nentsingiselo - emdeni intsimi, ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni komhlaba yezizwe.

Kwaphuma igama Ukraine, oko umdla kakhulu. E Old xesha Slavonic wazalwa ilizwi Krajina (ilizwe) kwexabiso - intsimi yomnye yesizwe. Ecaleni elithi "inyele" ngolwimi endala Slavic khona igama elithi "ebiweyo", into ethetha - bagawula isiziba isiqwenga zikude zomhlaba, kumda egqithiseleyo kummandla esizweni elikude.

Krajina

Ukanti Ukraine kutheni igama Ukraine? Lo mbuzo umdla kakhulu. Yaba kuphela kamva phakathi kwabona kwimpuma ngokuthi "ebiweyo" yi isimamva -ukuze Ukraine kwakukho ilizwi ezibaluleke - isiqwenga elikude somhlaba, kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni wesizwe. Ngenkulungwane VI-VIII, ngexesha Russ Amagunya ngokufakela amagama "Krajina", kunye Ukraine utshintshile. Kodwa kutheni Ukraine igama Ukraine? Igama elithi "Krajina" kwixabiso - kungekudala ilizwe wesizwe, waqalisa ukuba lithetha - kwilizwe ubulawuli feudal, uze - ilizwe Rus. Ngoko watshintsha kunye nesikhundla ilizwi Ukraine: indawo yokungena - inxalenye distal lesizwe zehlabathi, ukuba ixabiso - inxalenye enkulu ezweni elo ubulawuli feudal, uze emva koko - inxalenye ezweni Rus.

ukubusa

Kumaxesha wobukhosi ka Kievan Rus, xa waqalisa zisuswe ukusuka Duchy, igama elithi "Ukraine" kufikile ukuba lithetha "ukubusa". Makhe sijonge ziyafana zonke, endaphuma kuyo igama Ukraine. Izazinzulu babe imbono ezahlukeneyo ilizwi Ukraine: Kiev njengoko umda kunye kummandla ilizwe komhlaba Pereiaslav, uWele Ukraine kuba erhangqwe kumhlaba Polovtsian; ezifana Russia kwi indlela oozilawuli ezikhoyo ezahlukeneyo; njengazo zonke Kievan ngokupheleleyo Rus. Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi, umkhumbuzi ekuthiwa Ukraine kuphela emhlabeni Pereyaslavskaya. Nje musani kuba phezu komda kunye emathafeni Polovtsian, yaye ngenxa yokuba kwakukho ulawulo eyahlukileyo, ilizwe eyahlukileyo (Krajina).

Ukraine - leli lizwe

Country Igama Ukraine, elo lizwe, wabonakala ngelo xesha. Kwaye ke, ukongezelela Pereyaslavska Ukraine Ukraine zazahlukile izilawuli ezikhoyo kunye nezinye ezizimeleyo Ukraine. Ukraine apha ngengqiqo kweli lizwe - Pereyaslavskaya lizwe eKiev ilizwe njalo njalo.

Yinto eyaziwayo yemihla, nto leyo ithi "Prince Rostislav siyokundwendwela Ukraine, Compostela ukusuka apho waya galich." Ukuba igama elithi "Ukraine" kwakuthetha ilizwe eyahlukileyo, kukho ulawulo eyahlukileyo, zibonwa kakuhle kakhulu neenkcazo lwanamhlanje.

History of Ukraine uthe kunye elithi "Ukraine" uye wahlala kwaye elithi "imajini" - yinxalenye umda amazwe yesizwe. La mazwi akazange athetha into enye, kodwa ezahlukeneyo entsingiselo: "Ukraine" (Igama of State) - oku yinxalenye encinane yelizwe wesizwe, "imajini" - ilizwe emdeni wesizwe, kwaye ke ubulawuli feudal.

Lithuania and Poland

Ekubeni XIV isiqingatha ngenkulungwane Ukuba kwisininzi izikumkani eKiev Rus, apho abantu kamva kwasekwa Ukrainian, kuza phantsi ubunini Lithuania kunye Poland. Ukususela ngoko, igama Ukraine kwaye lusetyenzisiwe imimandla bawa phantsi mandla. Phantsi Lithuania baba Chernihiv, Kyïv, Pereiaslav noninzi Volyn ubulawuli, wababiza bonke Lithuania Ukraine kunye Poland zibe phantsi galich, Volyn kunye inxalenye ilizwe ebizwa ngokuba Polish Ukraine.

Nokufika kwelizwe Dnieper Cossacks babebizwa Cossack Ukraine. History of Ukraine ngayo uthi ngoma - "oh iintaba, ezihlanjeni, kwi Cossack Ukraine ..."

Khmelnitsky

Ngamaxesha emfazwe Ukraine nxamnye izibonda phantsi kobunkokheli Bogdana Hmelnitskogo (iminyaka 1648-1654) Ukraine Zaporozhye ebizwa kungekuphela nje umhlaba, kodwa bonke Dnieper. Kungenzeka, ukususela lo mzuzu Ukraine baqala ukubiza kwilizwe lonke. Ke eli gama kukubi kumazwe East Slavic, kwakunye Slobozhanschyna ekuthiwa ixesha elincinane Sloboda Ukraine. A amazwe asentshona ixesha elide ngokuba Rus ', kodwa kungekudala waba igama nakozalelwe Ukraine ukuze abantu bazo zonke izizwe Ukraine karhulumente.

History of the gama

Ukraine - apho igama kuphuma na? Ingcamango yokuqala ezindawo Ukraine ekugqibeleni abe ngumbono wesizwe, leyo bemanyene kunye namanye amazwe afana Polissia Sivershchyna, Sloboda, i Donets Basin, yoLwandle Black, Volyn, Podolia, Bukovina zeCarpath kunye Transcarpathia.

Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba Ukraine ukuba igama elithi "Ukraine" kuthetha igama lizwe, wadalwa yi Bogdanom Hmelnitskim. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, akukho apho ongaphandle yoBukhosi baseRashiya, yayingeyiyo. Ukuba umda, kungenzeka, ngaphandle zezizwe Slavic. Ngapha koko, le kwimpuma nokuxubana awuthimba nje ilizwe esibi nokuxubana. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubale udini i Ukraine, udini iintlanga Slavic.

indaba

Imbali ... Eli ligama siva yonke imihla, kodwa musa ukucinga phezu gravitas zakhe. Ngenxa yokuba Ukraine yafumana inkululeko, Ukraine uye abe nomdla kwimbali yabantu bakhe. Ngapha koko, kuphela ulwazi kwangaphambili kuya kwenza kube lula ukuqonda langoku nokwakha ikamva eliqaqambileyo. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu ulwazi ngembali yaso, wayedlala incwadi basindiswe. Kwaye ukugcina kwimemori yembali yabantu ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo kwaye ukuba ukufunda ngalo ngokuba iimyuziyam.

Imbali Ukraine yaye abantu abahlala kulo mmandla, enemvelaphi yayo kumaxesha amandulo. Yokupaka abantu yokuqala kubonakale kwi kummandla ezimeleyo Ukraine amakhulu amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo, kwi-Early Paleolithic. Man otvoovyval zemvelo ezi mimandla kunye nezibonelelo zendalo ongaphantsi. Ukususela iintlobo ukuzazi yokuhlanganisana, ukuzingela nokuloba, wafudukela emisebenzi kwezolimo kunye nezilwanyana ukulima umhlaba. Amanqaku ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali zinzima abameli Ukrainian washiya Tripoli inkcubeko BC ngenkulungwane IV-III. Tripoltsy aba amalungu ezininzi oluphucukileyo na uhlanga lwabantu kwixesha Neolithic. ubukhulu becala Bona abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, ngodongwe kunye nolwakhiwo. Ngenxa kulwandiso nothwal Ukupholisa kwemozulu, le nkcubeko ngokuthe shwaka. Emva koko, lo kwintsimi Ukrainian bebehlala kwaye amaSarmatia, kunye kemmeriytsy, neyamaSkitiya. A negalelo elikhulu kakhulu kwi bezizwe ahlala babeziindleko ezinkulu Ukraine, waba ubuzwe Greek.

East nokuxubana

Eastern nokuxubana iingcambu namhlanje ikakhulukazi efunda. ixesha Predslavyansky ngenxa inkangeleko kwi ekunene-bank ihlathi-emathafeni Dnieper Zarubintsy inkcubeko, nto leyo joint bonke nokuxubana. Nokuxubana Ukukhumbula yokuqala imisebenzi Tacitus, Ptolemy ebizwa ngokuba "Wends". Babehlala kwindawo kuLwandle lweBaltic. Emva koko, phakathi I nkulungwane BC ukusuka wends zizakubalulwa amaqela amabini nokuxubana - Por kunye sklaviany. Por yathatha mmandla ukusuka iDanube ukuya kuLwandle Azov waza wafikelela isebe esempuma nokuxubana. ubukhulu becala ukuba abandakanyeke kwezolimo kunye nezilwanyana ukulima umhlaba. Bakurholela ndawonye izixeko Northern Black Sea-Amagunya kunye nakumazwe Arabhu. inkqubo yezopolitiko eli lizwe yaba lwentando yesininzi. Ukuba akhokele ilizwe, Prince kanye nomsebenzi. Kodwa ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amazwe Veche - kwiNdibano yaBantu.

Ukuqalisa ukususela ngenkulungwane VII, kukho liye iinkumbulo nokuxubana. Early nokuxubana bahlaliswa phantsi kwiindonga imilambo namachibi. Ngendlu zazenziwe ngomthi nodongwe. Icebo yaba ube yesizwe yezopolitiko. Umhlaba ophethwe uhlobo ikakhulu enkulu - Unxulumano wayengusolusapho uzalo. mood Public ekuqaleni nokuxubana luphawulwa inguqu ezazivela kudidi ukuya nemvelaphi emkhosini. Ngoko ke amandla sisasazwa lilifa. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi eMpuma nokuxubana ibisoloko zihlobene nemvelo kunye nosapho. Oku wabeka inkcubeko isisekelo Slavic.

isiko

inkcubeko ethandwayo idlale indima kwi nezithethe zakowabo Ukrainian. Ngemihla yakudala, xa kwincopho umphakathi wobukhosi lamkele ubuKatolika nenkcubeko aseYurophu, yaye ngaphezulu lwamagosa Cossack waba Russified kuphuhliswa ngaphandle elite yenkcubeko awesizwe Ukrainian oluntu,. Kuphela kwiinginginya baba ukuba bayithwale inkcubeko, ngelo xesha yesizwe. I indawo kwi inkcubeko Wamitha iintsomi, ezizezi amasiko esizwe kunye nombala. Konke oku ngokucacileyo kakhulu ukuba kubonakala iingoma iintsomi, iibhaladi. Ngenxa ebantwini, kwaba lula ukuba ukukhulisa inkcubeko Ukrainian kwi XVI-XVII kwiinkulungwane kunye imvuselelo ngenkulungwane XIX.

Abaninzi Ukraine unekhono igalelo kwi-Polish, Russian, inkcubeko elimiweyo liphela. Oku Bulelani ukuba inkqubo yemfundo olwahluke, ngenxa apho abantu ukufunda nokubhala ngokubanzi. Kwakhona enkulu indima Ukraine-Rus 'njengoko iziko ubuKristu phakathi Eastern nokuxubana. Inkqubo yemfundo ephakamileyo iye ingakumbi. inkcubeko Ukrainian kuye uvulekile ukuze ihlabathi, kwakungekho ayinamandla langoku nobuntu. Igalelo enkulu ilifa umhlaba wenziwa zobulumko ezinjalo, iimbongi nobuntu kwincoko ipani, Prokopovich, Kulish, Shevchenko kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu iingxaki nendlala, izifo, nokubhala uza koyiswa phambili zobugcisa, ngoncedo ngookumkani yedipozithi. Kwaye e Ukraine, ebizwa ngokuba self-ulwazi, inkululeko, enithi ngenxa yabo nive Ungashiya kakuhle ukuba iphuma kweyona ubomi bokomoya. Okwangoku, iindlela ezinjalo zibaluleke gqitha lonke uluntu. Ngoko ke nangona xa kukho igama Ukraine, ngokungathi akukho mntu uthi, kodwa isibakala sokuba eli lixesha elibalulekileyo uhlanga olukhulu - kuyenzeka ukuba bathi ngokuzithemba.