Imbali yolawulo, izikolo zalo ezisisiseko zokukhula nophuhliso

Ulawulo njengoko ubugcisa urhulumente yavela kumaxesha amandulo. inkcazo bakhe, bube uhlobo lomsebenzi yabantu lufumaneka kwimibhalo kaSocrates. I-sobulumko yamandulo yamaGrike, owayephila BC nkulungwane yokuqala, uchaza inkqubo yokulawula abantu njengelinge ukuba umntu othile kwindawo ethile ukuze afumane oko akufunayo lwemisebenzi. Xa imithombo emininzi emidala, ulawulo imbali kwaqala amawaka aliqela eminyaka eyadlulayo, nenzululwazi ngokwayo ukulawula abantu ezigcinwe uluhlu sasikwisigaba saso ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo.

yabantu ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali ababehlala ngokwahlukeneyo, akazange kufuneka silawule ukusuka umsebenzi. Eyona njongo iphambili yobukho kwabo kwaba ephila kwiimeko ezinzima zendalo. Oobawo amandulo badibanisa ngenxa abahlala ndawonye izizwe, baye efubekayo ukuvala kubo kwakukho indoda elumkileyo, ukwenza izigqibo ezingcono kakhulu kwisizwe sonke, ukusombulula iingxabano phakathi wesizwe, nokugwetywa ngesohlwayo kwinto abamsulwa. Loo ndoda yaba inkokeli. Njengoko zixhaphakile kwamaqela asekuhlaleni abantu baba kuyimfuneko ukwahlulwa yabasebenzi, Noko ke, konke oku msebenzi kwakufuneka ilawulwe umntu ngaphandle. Ngoko kukho iziqalelo zokuqala yolawulo amaqela ngabanye abantu ezahlulwe sisithuba ubume babo abaqeqeshiweyo.

Imbali yolawulo ngengqiqo mihla ilizwi iqala ezoshishino, owenzeka kwiinkulungwane 17-19. Oko ngeli xesha eYurophu, kukho ishishini lemveliso yokuqala abadinga a abalawuli abanetalente ngokwenene. Science Management velisa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Ngeli xesha, kukho umsebenzi wokuqala izazinzulu zanikezelwa kule hlobo lomsebenzi zabantu.

Amanqanaba kunye nezikolo kwimbali kulawulo

Management njengokuba umsebenzi ngobuchule ibonwa okokuqala i American H. Tawney kwingxelo yakhe abeyilungisele intetho kwintlanganiso ye-Society of Mechanical Iinjineli. Kule ntlanganiso yena kuqala uveza uluvo lwakhe lokuba uluntu iimfuno zoqeqesho-Abaphathi.

Iyonke kwimbali zeengcinga kwezoqoqosho kwinkulungwane yama-20 wabumba izikolo ezihlanu wolawulo:

- School Management Scientific (umseki F. Taylor, umbhali weencwadi ezininzi ngalo mbandela);

- yoLawulo lweSikolo (ukhokho - French injineli A. Fayolle);

- isikolo oluninzi (abameli - J. Thompson, G. Ackoff, D. Matshi);

- isikolo novakalelo, (lasungulwa linxulunyaniswa kuphuhliso yokuhlalisana kunye psychology, ke ingqalelo abameli ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Charles Bernard, F. Herzberg, C. Argyris);

- isikolo kwabantu (umseki - American E. Mayo).

Imbali yolawulo luquka amanyathelo ezintlanu ezisisiseko kwi nolawulo lophuhliso, owokuqala eqala ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaye ngexesha elinye kunye nexesha imvelaphi yesikolo yolawulo zenzululwazi. Ukuvela yesikolo yolawulo Fayol kule minyaka ilishumi yokuqala yenkulungwane yama-20 kwaphawula kokuqala kwekhefu Inqanaba lesibini ulawulo lophuhliso.

Ngelo xesha linye imbali yolawulo lwemali iqala eUnited States. I-Second World War inempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso ingcamango yolawulo, le minyaka yokuqala mabini emva kokuphela efanayo njengoko kwisigaba sesithathu oluvela yolawulo.

Inqanaba elilandelayo yophuhliso kwemisebenzi yolawulo enxulumene kwinzululwazi - bengqondo, nto leyo ikhula. Kuba isigaba sesihlanu ulawulo lophuhliso (80s.) Ngaba luphawulwa kokufunyanwa sisixhobo esinamandla efana kubume bombutho. ulawulo Modern linxulunyaniswa nophuhliso ubuchwepheshe be-computer kunye matshini kwemveliso. Namhlanje, eli bali ayipheli ulawulo, inzululwazi ulawulo usaqhubeka azivelele nokuphucula.