Iipropati Intetho: Speech. ulwimi lomlomo kunye nolwimi olubhaliweyo

Yahlulahlulwe yaba ezimbini eziphambili aphikisanayo omnye komnye, kwaye kwezinye iindlela afane uhlobo. Kuyinto ngomlomo kunye nolwimi olubhaliweyo. Bayiqhekeza kuphuhliso yayo zembali, ngoko ufumane imigaqo ezahlukeneyo kwezibonelelo lweelwimi. izixhobo ulwimi Obscheliteraturnogo ezidibanisa iintlobo ezifana nolwimi lomlomo kunye nolwimi olubhaliweyo sisiseko lokuqulunqa nokusebenza series nye. Decoupling zabo incwadi-olubhaliweyo kunye arhente ngomlomo abathetha zisetyenziswa iseti epheleleyo eklasini yayo, kunye malungana inzuzo ukufikelela yimida ethile.

intetho orality

Orality yeyona nto iphambili ekuhlanganiseni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo yahlulwe ilizwi olithethileyo. ukubhala mihlaba ethengiswe iintlobo iincwadi kunye nohlobo ebhaliweyo. Kakade ke, imilo asiyiyo kusimanyayo kuphela. Kodwa style ngomlomo kwaye kwincoko ngaba umisela ukusekwa kunye nokusebenza iindlela ezithile neelwimi, yahlukile ukusuka intetho ebhaliweyo. iipropati Speech enxulumene yohlobo isizukulwana yayo. Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

Umahluko phakathi kwisizukulwana yokuthetha nokubhala

Umahluko isekelwe phezu iintlobo anzongonzongo umahluko yengqondo-nokomzimba. Iingcali zengqondo bafumanisa ukuba iindlela zezizukulwana imbono yokuthetha nokubhala hayi enye. Xa isizukulwana lokubhala kusoloko kukho ixesha lokucinga malunga iingxelo ngokusesikweni isicwangciso, ukuze ukuba iqondo esakhiweni eliphezulu.

Ngako oko, le ukufunda kunokwenzeka kusoloko ndiqale nzulu ezibhaliweyo ngokunzulu, ephelekwa unxulumano zawo. Oku kuvumela zombini wawubhala umbhalo lowo, umfundi ukuguqulela ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukusuka kwimemori engundoqo ukuya ixesha elide. Kungekuko ukuba ukuthetha nokuphulaphula. iimpawu yalo isandi, ngokwembali ulwimi oluthethwayo zaseprayimari. Iimpawu zentetho zichaziwe kulo mzekelo yinyaniso ukuba nomsinga kuphela imveliso yayo ukuze iphazanyiswe isithethi ngokuhambelana iinjongo zakhe kuphela okanye ukumisa ulwazi. Mamela mfuno yokwamkela iindwendwe zazo ukulandela ixesha uthetha, kwaye akusoloko apho kufuneka, kunokwenzeka ukuba ayeke ukuba nzulu ukucinga. Ngoko ke yenza kuqala imemori elifutshane elide, xa waqonda ukuthetha. iipropati Intetho kulo mzekelo sikuko isibakala ukuba into evele, omnye-off ayikwazi, yenzeke kwakhona kuhlobo sele kusinda.

isilawuli esizisebenzelayo

Xa efunda ulwimi lwasemzini ukulungiselela isifundo lingalungiswa kwangaphambili kwisivakalisi ngasinye, kodwa kwesi sifundo aziyi kusebenza: ingxaki yemveliso ezizenzekelayo kufuna kwakhona kwi eyayinethombo egudileyo intetho ukunika isabelo intetho. Uphawu yokuthetha kukuba akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ukulungiselela, oko ekuveliseni ligxile ezenzekelayo. Ukuba isithethi nzima ukulawula oko, uya kuphulukana umgangatho spontaneity bayancokola. Ukulawula okunokwenziwa ngokupheleleyo kuphela kuqeqesho ndingokuthetha kunzima, isantya nemvelo yokukhupha umlinganiswa beyenza.

Sound itekisi ebhaliweyo

Iveliswe ngentetho ezizenzekelayo kufuneka iphawulwa amanqaku elula yesicatshulwa esibhaliweyo, uqhutywe zizithethi zomthonyama, amagcisa, yaye ngamanye amaxesha bathetha. amanqaku enjalo ayitshintshi nto kwisicatshulwa, yaye nangona izandi, kodwa ihleli njengoko kubhaliweyo. Lo gama kugcinwe uphawu ukubhala intetho ke, zonke iimpahla zazo. Ukusuka orality kubonakala kuphela nentaba imvakalozwi kunye imizwa kunokwenzeka phonetic. Oko kukuthi, iimpawu ive izandi zentetho ziyahluka. Kunika umdla ukubona E. A. Bryzgunovoy ithelekisa zolinganiso ukhathazeke itekisi efanayo; ayehlukile. Oku kuthetha ukuba msinyane nje umba intetho yomlomo, kule imeko, imvakalozwi, umahluko kuvela ngenxa individualization.

ubuntu

Zomlomo ezinxulumene ukuba kusoloko ngamnye. Kuba ukubhala oku na umgangatho ngokubanzi zonke iintlobo. intetho bokubeka kuphela ngamnye inxenye sayekelela genres intetho ndaba. isithethi nganye indlela yaso eziphawula yoluntu ukusuka ngokwasengqondweni zentlalo, nkqu iimpawu zayo, zobungcali kunye nenkcubeko eqhelekileyo. Oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba ulwimi oluthethwayo. EPalamente, umzekelo, ukusebenza MP ngasinye sigxininisa ubuntu bakhe amandla okuqonda, ulunika umfanekiso lwentlalo. Zomlomo ezinxulumene Ngokufuthi oko kuthetha ngakumbi kunokuba iinkcukacha eziqulathwe kule ngxelo, apho intsebenzo kwenzeka.

intetho iimpawu

Xa sibhenela imiba iyantlukwano style yomlomo kunye kwincoko, kuvela ukuba ukongeza omele ncwadi hlobo ukubhala apha ezinye ngakumbi. Ezinye iimpawu zentetho ziqhelekile lonke uhlobo yomlomo kunye kwincoko lubonakala kuye ngokuchasiweyo ncwadi kokubhala, ukwabelana ulwimi boncwadi mihla Russian izigaba ezibini. Nabanye abathatha inxaxheba ekukhetheni iintlobo uhlobo ngomlomo kunye buncokola. Sibala ezi zinto ezongezelelweyo. iimpawu ezinjalo zentetho ezijolise, lwemeko, uhlobo voice (ukusetyenziswa omnye kunye iibhokisi).

intetho Ukubiza

Ukuthetha wayesoloko ebiza, kwaye ngqo kumphulaphuli ngubani Uyabubona ngexesha elinye layo nola kwimveliso apha kwaye ngoku. Zonke iintlobo tricks zobugcisa ezifana amangeniso kwalibaziseka kwaye ke ngoko kukhutshelwe na kuhoywa, njengoko ndayihluthwa isenzo engundoqo ngokunxibelelana: kokusebenziseka okuqonda, apho ebalulekileyo ixesha ungqamaniso. Uthunyelwe ezi ingaba: a) umntu; b) nemibutho; c) i ubunzima.

Ezi ntlobo ezintathu yokulungisa intetho yomlomo zoncwadi, coinciding kunye nefuthe kwezinye izinto eqeleni layo (zonke ezi zinto, kuquka kujongenwe oluthambileyo), bazibandakanye nokwabiwa kweentlobo ezintathu ulwimi oluthethwayo zoncwadi (uhlobo ngomlomo kunye kwincoko kolwimi zoncwadi): 1) ngomlomo-ndithethile; 2) ngomlomo SF; 3) oonomathotholo kunye nomabonakude.

ukubhala dilesi

Akukho ngqo dilesi: umlamli phakathi umbhali wesicatshulwa kwaye umfundi iphepha, kwaye ivumela ukuba ngokuqgibeleleyo ekulibaziseni ukufunda, oko kukuthi ukuphelisa into yexesha emzimbeni, oko sinikezwe iimpawu ezifanayo kakhulu nespontannosti kwaye esebenza ... Ngokungafaniyo intetho awusebenzi othi "ilizwi olithethileyo ukukhumbula ngaphambili." Ezifana ngqo dilesi inokuba negalelo sisahlula.

situationally

Iimpawu ezingundoqo intetho nazo ziquka isimo. Kuyinto ezendeleyo uhlobo oluthethwayo, apho meko ingachazwayo ngamazwi ugcwalisa ingqondo, nayiphi vagueness kunye inaccuracy. Oku kudla ingqalelo umgangatho kuphela intetho okuxoxa, kodwa, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, uhlala andibhaqwa. Ibonisa, umzekelo, uhlalutyo intetho zesihobe xa kufuneka inqaku oluchaza ukuba ulwazi oluchanileyo kunye imvakalelo umbongo. Ngokubanzi, ngamagqabaza olu hlobo, ukunika umsebenzi vutshila naluphi na uhlobo, ukuvumela ukuba zityebise imbono kunye nokuqonda injongo yombhali. Ukuze kwande lwemeko iyonke isithethi isiseko appertseptsionnaya nomphulaphuli, indawo yokuba ulwazi kunye namava. Konke oku kuvumela ukukukhokela ngomlomo kwaye ibonelela ngengqiqo nhla. Inxalenye lubonakala lobume kwaye ewonke waphendula lo mbuzo. Umzekelo, utitshala uyazi ukuba abaphulaphuli bakhe izinto zonke abazaziyo kakuhle futhi, yintoni na umdla. Ubunzima sibhekiswe izicatshulwa lobume ayikho yinqobo kuye. Ngoko, kuba izenzo njengomba bohlukaniswe kwaye ekudla ngokuba njenge part-time factor eziphawula intetho yomlomo zenzululwazi. Kakade ke, isimo ayikwazi kubalulwa naluphi na uhlobo uhlobo yokubhala.

Ukusetyenziswa zentetho monologues neempikiswano ebhalwe

Njengoko kuba umlinganiselo kweefom omnye kunye nengxoxo, ngoko lo mhlaba kunye neentlobo olubhaliweyo nolomlomo ngenxa izahlulelo lemfundo iintlobo ulwimi enza ngokwahlukileyo. Kule ncwadi hlobo kokubhala, akunamsebenzi into izahlulelo kwizicatshulwa zomlomo yaye uthethe nayo into. Oku kungenxa umlinganiselo ezahlukeneyo omnye kunye Ingxoxo iintlobo ezibhaliweyo ngomlomo. Kule ncwadi hlobo ukubhala kwintetho monologic yenzululwazi ngayo idla, kodwa kunokubonwa iimpawu dialogic. Nangona oku akuvumi ukuba kufuneka, ngoko ke akuyi ukwalathisa, kodwa kunokuba ngqo. Business libekwe iimbono monological, kodwa (ngokuqhelekileyo) izivakalisi ukuveza umyalelo, isicelo, isikhokelo, imiyalelo, njl, equlethe esi senzi causative (kunyanzelekile) mood, uhlobo kunye yombutho kufutshane umfanekiso incoko yababini. amanqaku amaphephandaba idla ngokuba monologic, kodwa isenokuba izinto zencoko, bexelisa imibuzo umfundi kunye iimpendulo zakhe izityholo, iyalele incoko na iintlobo ndlebe, imbalelwano kunye nabafundi, ukuphendula imibuzo, njl vutshila yababini intetho -. Iindlela zabalinganiswa zonxibelelwano, umbhali intetho ofanayo umbono monological. Kodwa kukho iintlobo dialogic ngokupheleleyo. Kakade ke, ukuthetha malunga nemidlalo yeqonga njengokuba ifomu zobugcisa. Ngokubanzi, oku kwenzeka ukuba njengomba yokwahlukana yababini - omnye uthethe indistinctly, kodwa kubonisa kakhulu ngokucacileyo i dialogicality ukwanda ngasekhohlo.

Monologues neempikiswano kwintetho

I zomlomo okuxoxa-uhlobo bohluke ubenesahlulo esahlukileyo. Ukuba kubonwe ukuba dialogic kunye monologic neendidi zentetho, ngenxa yoko, kufuneka imibutho eyahlukeneyo, ezizezi: a omnye - it ingxenye ngu kwicandelo isintaksi, ingxoxo - yinto enzima emfutshane izikhokelo zokuncokola, ngokukodwa syntax Indies. Kakade ke, xa bebhala incoko iye iimpawu zayo syntactical xa kuthelekiswa omnye, nto leyo isithuba iipateni ezininzi syntactic, ukubhala nje ubutyebi. Kodwa apha somahluko dialogic kunye uhlobo monologic iBhayibhile ithetha umahluko ebalulekileyo lwesivakalisi apho kukho imifuziselo ethile kwincoko ulisonge kwisithuba yababini. Ngokubanzi, kuhlobo dialogic-kwincoko ngomlomo kunciphisa ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo. Kwaye ufikelela isezantsi kwintetho lwenzululwazi ngomlomo. Ukulingana kwengxoxo kunye omnye ivumela, phakathi kwezinye izinto ukubalaselisa ukwahlulwa ulwimi oluthethwayo yomlomo ibe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezahlulwe ngokusekelwe unomathotholo nomabonwakude, nentetho yenzululwazi ngomlomo.