umbhalo nganye iqulathe izivakalisi oqhagamshelwano phakathi okanye imihlathi, ezo zidityaniswe zibe ngesihloko ethile kunye ingcinga ephambili. Zonke iziphakamiso kwisicatshulwa unxulumano kwisemantiki eyakha sabaphathi iinxalenye phakathi kwentsingiselo, ukubaluleka nezintsonkothe. Ngokutsho umxholo ezisebenzayo-yesemantiki ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zezicatshulwa in Russian: mfanekiso, inkcazo nokuqiqa. Cinga iimpawu zazo eziphambili.
Le ngxelo - ibali malunga isiganeko esithile, waxelela ngokulandelelana kwexesha. Kwindawo yokuqala otyunjwe inkqubo inyathelo, okt uphuhliso sebali. Abhalwa elolu hlobo obuluqilima ngokusisiseko uqala drawstrings okanye isehlo kuhlangana khona apho siqulethwe kwi phambili okanye ukubuyisela ngokulandelelana kwazo. Lisetyenziswa kumaxesha amaninzi oonobumba kunye memoirs. Ngokuba apha ingxelo kumanyathelo kunye nezehlo, indima ebalulekileyo ngowam izenzi ezikwixesha elidlulileyo kunye nezihlomelo, ebonisa ukulandelelana (ngenye imini, emva koko, ekugqibeleni, njl) Ukuze ukunceda ukwandisa ibali. Zonke iintlobo zezicatshulwa esibalisayo kufuneka amehlo (imbali yokuqala), luvuthondaba (uphuhliso wayo), wedwa (komcimbi).
Thina ichaza uluvo oluphambili ngumfanekiso ngomlomo into ngokudlulisela iimpawu zayo eziphambili kunye neempawu. injongo yakhe - Kwathi inkcazo umba ukuze umfundi wabona ngokucacileyo oko engqondweni yakhe. Xa landscape iya kuba ekukhangelayo zezulu, ingca, nemithi; lo mfanekiso - kubonisa amehlo, ukuma, umlenze ahambe. Kuba ngemibhalo echazayo luphawulwa ngolandelelwano kule nkcazelo, umanyano lwembono, ukusetyenziswa iziphawuli static. Iskim basic sokwakha yayo yile ilandelayo: kubonakale yonke into - iimpawu ngamnye - sengqondo umbhali ukuba kwesi sifundo.
Ukuthelekisa ezi ntlobo zetekisi, singatsho ukuba zichasene omnye komnye, kuba iimpawu zabo njengento eme ndawonye omnye onamandla omnye.
Uhlobo lokugqibela - le ngxoxo. Oku kusekelwe ukucaciselwa nangakumbi kunye nokwamkelwa nayiphi ingcinga, uchaza oonobangela nesenzeko, ukukhanya, ngumxholo we izahlulo ezine: intshayelelo - ithisisi - argument (proof) - isiphelo. Ezi iindidi zeetekisi, ngokungafaniyo neenkcazo ezibalisayo yaye isakhiwo ngxuba yesivakalisi (usebenzisa isantya esahlukileyo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye umanyene nonxibelelwano asyndetic) kunye nolwimi (kusetyenziswa iikhonsepthi ezininzi abstract). Eyona njongo ephambili - ukungqina into, ukuba ukweyisela elinye ukuphikisa uluvo kumdlali welinye icala.
Njengoko kubonakala, zonke iindidi (intetho) itekisi iimpawu ezizodwa compositional kwaye zisetyenziswa ngendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo uhlobo. Noko ke, esulungekileyo esibalisayo, inkcazo nokuqiqa azisoloko ukuhlangabezana, ukuba sidibanisa iziqalelo kukulawula. Umzekelo, itekisi etsomo badla hlanganisa zonke iintlobo lombhalo ngokulandelelana alternate omnye komnye, nokuqiqa ingaba ziingxaki anazo yokubalisa esichazayo kunye namacandelo. Oku kwenza umsebenzi ezichazayo ngakumbi umdla.