I-lymphocytes yanda. Oku kubonisa ntoni?

Ngokuqhelekileyo xa kudlula ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kubonakala ukuba kwigazi lomntu lymphocyte linyuka. Yintoni obungqina bolu hlobo olungathandekiyo? I-lymphocyte zibizwa ngokuba ngama-cell of protection (immune). Ziveliswa ngumongo wethambo lomzimba wethu. Ezi iiseli zinoxanduva lokuqwalaselwa kwanoma yimaphi ama-microorganism angaphandle kunye nokuphendula okufanayo kubo. Ukuze ufumane isizathu sokunyuka kwinqanaba labo egazini, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda oko kuhlalutya igazi. I-lymphocytes iphakanyisiwe kwiimeko ezininzi, kodwa kuyabalulekile ukuqonda okoqobo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeeseli. Ngoko i-T-lymphocytes eyenziwe kwi-thymus gland (thymus) inoxanduva lokumisela uhlobo oluthile lwe-microorganisms. Kuvela kula maseli ukuba iimpendulo ezifike ngexesha nechanekileyo ekungeneni kwezifo ezinokugula zixhomekeka. Ezi i-lymphocytes zihlukaniswe zibe "ababulali", ezivimbela ukukhula kwamancinci, kunye nokutshabalalisa iiseli ezonakalisiweyo zomzimba; "Abancedisi" abakhuthaza ukukhuseleka, kunye "nabakhuseli" abathintela impendulo ye-immune system. Olu hlobo lwe-lymphocyte lu malunga ne-80% yenani labo elipheleleyo.

I-l-lymphocyte i-B iveliswa ngama-lymphoid tissue of lymph nodes, i-tonsils, i-pleen kunye nentlungu encinane. Zivelisa izixhobo ezinamachiza (iiprotheyini ezikhethekileyo) ezifumana ii-virus, iintsholongwane ze-tumor, ii-bacteria kunye nokuzintshabalalisa. Inani lala mabhunga linokufikelela kummandla othile we-15% (kuwo onke ama-lymphocytes).

Ubuncinane bonke kwigazi lomntu yi-NK-lymphocytes. Inani labo alidluli i-10%. Ezi iiseli zinoxanduva lokuthintela izicubu ezahlukeneyo kunye nezifo.

Ngomntu onempilo, i-lymphocytes ngokuqhelekileyo ifikelela kuma-36-40% ewonke inani leukocytes. Idatha enjalo kuhlalutyo ibhalwa ngokwemigangatho elandelayo kule fomu: 1.0-3.6 * 10 (9) / l. Kulo mida ukuba inani le-lymphocytes libhekwa njengeqhelekileyo. Ubuntwaneni, izinga labo lihluka kakhulu kwaye lingatshintsha. Ukususela ebusheni, iqala ukusuka kwi-9 ukuya kwi-32 * 10 (9) / ilitha. Ngobudala, ezi zikhombisi ziyancitshiswa kwaye zingaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 zifikelele kwiindwendwe ezipheleleyo kwi-1-4 * 10 (9) / l.

I-lymphocytes yonyuswa ngexesha leentsholongwane zentsholongwane (i-influenza, i- viral hepatitis, ukukhwehlela, imvune, i-rubella), izifo ezingenayo intsholongwane (i-diphtheria, i-malaria, i- typhoid, i- syphilis), i-tocoplasmosis, izifo zegazi (i-lymphocytic leukemia, i-lymphosarcoma). Ngamanye amaxesha ukwanda kwenani lala maseli egazini kubangelwa ukungena kwamachiza.

I-lymphocytes iphakanyisiwe kwimeko ye-lymphocytosis. Ibonisa ukwanda kwenani la maseli egazini, elijikeleza ngaphandle kwe-hematopoiesis. Ikwahlula zibe zimbini iintlobo: ezipheleleyo kunye nezihambelana. Ukubonakala kweentlobo ezithile kuxhomekeke kwisifo esenzeka emzimbeni. I-lymphocytosis ehlobene, okanye ukwanda kwenani le-concentration ye-lymphocyte kunye nenani eliqhelekileyo eliqhelekileyo, liqhelekileyo. Kubonakala kwizifo ezibonakaliswe ukuhla kwezinye iintlobo ze-leukocyte. I-lymphocytosis enjalo ifana neentsholongwane zentsholongwane, izifo ezivuthayo, i-typhoid fever, i-brucellosis.

I-absolute lymphocytosis ibonisa ukunyuka ngokupheleleyo kwinani le-lymphocytes. Kuyabonakala kwiintsholongwane ezinzulu. Yimpawu yerubella, isisisi, isifo esibomvu, isifo sofuba. Kwakhona kubonakala nge-lymphosarcoma.

Ngenxa yezifo ezingapheliyo kunye nokuvuvukala okuhambisane nokungena kwesilonda nge-lymphocytes ngokwabo, zombini iindidi ze-lymphocytosis egazini zingabonwa.

Ukuba i- lymphocytes iphakanyiswa kumntu omdala, oku kunokubonisa izifo ezifana ne-infectous mononucleosis, i-hepatitis, i-viral hepatitis, i- syphilis yesibini, i -asthma ye-bronchial, i-hepatitis ye-virus, isifo se-serum, izifo ze-endocrine, isifo se-Addison, thymus hyperplasia. Ngokuqhelekileyo imeko enjalo ivela nge-B12-deficiency anemia, ukwehla kwi-ACTH kunye ne-HA, ukuzila ixesha elide, u-hypofunction ovarian, i-acromegaly.