Iintlobo zamagqabi kunye nemisebenzi yazo (ifoto)

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba imithi emingaphi kwiplanethi yethu, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zithsaba kunye namahlamvu nje, bonke bayayinyamekela into eyodwa - ukucoca umoya we-carbon dioxide, engabonakaliyo ubuninzi bomhlaba, i-wildlife kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo kwimeko. Kukho uninzi lweencwadi zenzululwazi nezengqiqo ezinikezelwe ngokukhethekileyo kweli candelo lebhotile - "Uhlobo lwamagqabi". Ukubonakala komthi okanye isiqithi umntu angatshintsha, anike naluphi na, nokuba yinto engummangaliso kakhulu. Kodwa iindidi zamagqabi emithi kunye nezityalo iminyaka engamawaka zihlala zingatshintshi.

Icandelo lephepha "lomzimba"

Iifama ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye-trunk yimuphi umthi, isitshalo okanye isityalo. Amalungu amanqaku amaphepha afana nawo amagama: iplati, i-petiole, i-stipules.

Isitya siyinxalenye enkulu kwiphepha, libonakala lithe cwaka kwaye linemibala eyahlukeneyo, esiza kuxoxa ngayo kamva.

I-petiole, ngokulula, isiqhamo, sibonga ukuba isitya seqabunga linamathele kwisebe. Kwezinye izityalo, i-petiole incinci kakhulu okanye ayikho.

Izigulana zibizwa ngokuba yi-appendages zeqabunga ezisezantsi. Abantu bambalwa kakhulu babone kwaye bayayazi le nxalenye yephepha. Inyaniso kukuba kwiintlobo ezininzi izityalo ziyawa phambi kokuba iqabunga livule ngokupheleleyo. Imbono yintlobo kuphela, i-acacia ngokomzekelo.

Kwi-botany, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamaqabunga zihlulwa. Iifoto ziboniswa ngezantsi.

Ezona ziqhelekileyo ziyiqhekeza eziqhelekileyo (okanye zilula). Lezi ziqabana zamagqabi ezinamaqabunga enye. Inokuba yinto eqhelekileyo, yeyona, iyajikeleza, yachithwa, idibeneyo, njenge-oki okanye amazambane. Amagqabantshi alula ahlukaniswe ngamagqabantshintshi amathathu: apheleleyo, aphuhliwe kwaye ahluthwe.

Izilwanyana ezinamaqabunga onke

Ukuthetha malunga neentlobo zemithi, kubalulekile ukukhankanya kuqala kuzo zonke iintlobo. Akusona nto ukuba lo mthi uyisimboli selizwe lethu. I-birch ixhaphake kulo lonke iNyakatho yeNtlabathi yoMhlaba, kodwa iqoqo elikhulu le mihlaba ilapha kwintsimi yaseRashiya. Iqabunga le-birch lilula, icandelo elilodwa, elincinci elincinci, elinomgca. Iiplani zombala oluhlaza obomvu, iimvini - ngeetoni. Ekwindla, njengoko kwaziwa, amahlamvu ama-birches athola umthunzi ophuzi.

Iindidi ezifanayo ziquka amahlamvu kunye nomthi oqhelekileyo eRussia - umthi we-apula. Iqabunga lalo mthi onqhamo likhulu, kodwa linempawu ezifanayo: linye iqela, lincinci elincinci emacaleni, kwanombala.

I-Aspen, i-lilac, i-poplar, i-elm kunye nezinye izityalo zinehlobo elifanayo leqabunga. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela kwiinjongo zezobuhlaza zifana nomnye nomnye, ukungafani kwangaphandle, kunjalo, kuyafumaneka.

I-subspecies yesibini i-lobate. Olu hlobo lwamagqabi luyinto ehambelana nemithi ethile. Umzekelo ophilayo ngumfanekiso oboniswe kwiflegi yaseCanada. Amahlamvu adluliselwa kwi-lobed, ukuba "i-jagged" kwimida yawo ayidluli enye yesine yendawo yonke.

Le yileta yoluhlu olulula. Ukuba unomdla omkhulu kwisihloko esithi "Iintlobo zamagqabi a maple", isifundo singathatha iminyaka emininzi. Le mithi inamaqela angaphezu kweengu-50, nganye ephawulekayo kungekhona nje yendawo yokuhlala yayo, kodwa ngokubonakala kwayo: ukusuka ekuphakameni, ukuma kwamagatsha kunye ne-trunk kuhlobo lwamagqabi. Asiyi kuhlala kulo ngcaciso.

I-subspecies yesithathu yamaqabunga alula amaqabunga achithwa. Le ntlobo ibandakanya amaqabunga anesisombululo esingaphaya kwekota enye yeqabunga. Umzekelo, njenge-dandelion, tansy. Uninzi lolu hlobo lubonakala kwizityalo kunye neentyatyambo zonyango.

Iintlobo ezinezakhiwo ezinzima

Iintlobo zamaqabunga emithi kunye nezityalo zenza iqela elikhulu lesibini elincomekayo. Zibizwa ngokuba ziyinkimbinkimbi kuba zininzi iiplate. Ziye zahlula ngokwahlukileyo zibe si-syllabic ezintathu, i-palatosyllabic kunye ne-pinnate.

Abameleli beeflora, benamaqabunga amathathu-adibeneyo - i-strawberries yegadi kunye neerberberries zasendle, i-clover. Inkalo yabo eyahlukileyo yintsuku ezintathu kwinqanaba elilodwa. Inkolelo malunga ne-clover kunye neendwangu ezine zidlulayo kwisizukulwana kwisizukulwana. Akunakwenzeka ukufumana isityalo esinjalo.

I-palchatosyllabic kukho amaqabunga ehasheti yehashe, igadi ye-lupine.

Ku-pinnatus kukho amaqabunga e-raspberry, i-ash ash, i-pea. Nabo banazo iipasipecies: zona ezinamaqabunga amabini ekupheleni kwesiqu, umzekelo, njengee-peas, kunye ne-odd-counting-rose, enye ye-parodermorous, kunye ne-petiole iphetha enye.

Iintlobo zamaqabunga ezityalo (i-plate shape)

Amagqabantshintshi ahlatyelwa ngohlobo lwamaqabunga amaqabunga:

1.

Ezi zibandakanya isityalo sokutshala njenge-violet, kunye ne-garden nasturtium, aspen.

2. I-Oval.

Uhlobo lwamacembe lufumaneka kwi-elm, hazel.

3. Lancet.

Ukutshatyalaliswa phakathi kwemithi kunye neentlobo zentsapho yemithi yemifula, kunye nakwihlathi elibizwa ngokuba yi- silver loch.

4. I-egg-shaped.

Eli gama ligqitywe ngamagqabi azo zonke i-plantain eyaziwayo

5. Uluhlu.

Olu hlobo lweqabunga lusetyenziswa kwizityalo, umzekelo, kwi-rye.

Ifom yesiseko seqabunga yimbonakalo eyahlukileyo yokuhlelwa. Ngokusekelwe kule parameter. Amaqabunga:

• Emoya (njenge-lilac);
• Ukuguqula uhlobo oluthile (i-sorrel);
• Umlenze Wentloko (entloko yentloko).

Ubume bephezulu kwiphepha ludaka, lugxininise, lujikeleze, luyi-bilobate.

Isihloko esahlukileyo - indawo

Ngoku qwalasela indlela igama leqabunga elichaphazela ngayo indawo yalo.

Izityalo ezichanekileyo zibonakaliswa ngendawo yokuthetha. Ingaba yimiba emibini: i-palpate (xa zonke iimvumba ziphuma, njengesixhaso kwisiseko esisodwa) kunye ne-pinnate (xa iintsontsho ezincinci zisuka kwi-vein main).

Kwii- monocotyledons, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho indawo enokufana okanye ye-arc. Ukufana - kumagqabi amancinci (amaqabunga engqolowa, umhonkco), i-arc - kumaqabunga amaninzi (iinduli zentlambo).

Ezinye izinto ezinomdla malunga namacembe

• Amagqabi amanqabileyo angama-ferns abizwa ngokuba yi-adiantum--aved-shredps. Akunabikho nje kubo kwendalo.
• Amaqabunga abukhali kakhulu - ingca iyaxubha. Abantu basekuhlaleni bathetha ukuba ingca enjalo ibukhali ngaphezu kwesandla.
• Amaqabunga angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-45 atholakala kwi-cypress.
• Amaxwebhu angaphezu kwama-2 akhulanga kwivelvichie.
• Amanqindi yamanzi "victoria" anamaqabunga ngamanqanaba angaphezu kweemitha ezimbini.
• Ubungakanani beqabunga lesundu leRafia lingama-20 emitha.
• Azikho zonke izityalo ezihlahlela amahlamvu ebusika. Kukho abo batshabalalisa.

Iintlobo kunye nombala wamaqabunga

Okumangalisa ngokwaneleyo, kodwa umbala wekhasi kaninzi awunomona okanye ukuma kwayo. Isityalo kuphela esikulo mbala, konke oko.

Yintoni umbala wephepha? Ehlotyeni phantse zonke izityalo zinemibala ebomvu ngenxa yobuninzi beentlobo ze-pigment ekhethekileyo - i-chlorophyll. Le ncedisi inceda izityalo zigcina umsebenzi wazo obalulekileyo, ngoncedo lwazo izityalo zenza inkohlakalo engakaze ibe yinto engakaze ibe yinto engakaze ibe nayo: emini, iqubuthe i-glucose kwi-carbon dioxide. Kananjalo, i-glucose iba yinto yokwakha kuzo zonke izondlo ezibalulekileyo.

Kutheni amaqabunga ephendukile?

Ukongeza kwi-chlorophyll, amaqabunga esityalo aqule ezinye izinto ezibalabala, njenge-xanthophylls, i-carotene, i-anthocyanins. Ehlotyeni, umphumo wabo kumbala kakhulu, kuba i-chlorophyll yeengxube zityalo ishumi lamawaka ngaphezulu. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla, zonke iinkqubo zobomi ziqala ukuphela, inani le-chlorophyll liqala ukuhla. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kukukhanya ukuba i-holophyll igxume kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke, ukuba ekwindla ilanga kwaye lifudumele, amahlamvu atshintsha ngokukhawuleza aphuzi aze awe.