Iimviwo X-ray: Indlela kunye nolungiselelo oluchanekileyo izigulane

Omnye yemiqathango engundoqo unyango olusebenzayo zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo na ukuxilongwa. Iimviwo X-ray ukuba ngokukhuselekileyo achazwe njengenye ndlela ziqhelekileyo kwaye zithembeke yokuqingqa iingxaki ezithile zomzimba.

Zeziphi iimviwo X-ray

Isiseko sale hlobo uphando ubuchule lwe-X-reyi angene ngawo inyama yomzimba. Kuxhomekeka lexinene, ubukhulu kunye nasemzimbeni-iikhemikhali ukwakhiwa ancedisana amalungu njengeSpecific Absorption Rate abantu-X ray zinokohluka.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ancedisana amalungu, nto leyo zamahlathi ngakumbi (ithambo, iinqanawa ezinkulu, isibindi, intliziyo), nesisitheliso eboniswe ngohlobo izithunzi, kodwa, umzekelo, izihlunu lung, ngenxa umthamo enkulu kummandla womoya ikhangeleka ngathi ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo.

Ukulungiselela inkqubo yokufunda

Iimviwo X-ray aphathwa ukuxilongwa imeko yesigulane. Nokuba, xa uqala, kule nkqubo, akukho nto kunzima, ezinye izigulane kufuneka sizilungiselele kuyo, kokubini emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Abongikazi, ke, kufuneka sifunde iteknoloji kulungiselelwa izigulane kwizifundo zomculo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba izigulane na ngokwabo sinikele ingqalelo yokuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngakwicala abasebenzi zonyango ezenziwa.

Ukulungiselela radiology uhlobo ngokutsha phando ibandakanya ukususwa kunye nokuthintela nayiphi na inkqubo ilungu ethile, leyo ukuphazamisa ukufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa lokufunyaniswa sezintso ukwenzela ukulungiselela ukuba ukucoca amathumbu kunye nokuthintela ukuyilwa igesi kuyo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokuhlwa phambi kokuba ifike imini uphando kusasa ngengomso, isigulana ufake enema ukucocwa kunye nokuthintela ukusebenzisa fluid. Kwakhona, isigulane ngokukhawuleza phambi kokuba inkqubo X-ray Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa ukutya kunye ulwelo.

Xa izigulane isifundo ray kusiwa ezikolweni kamva seyure emva kokuba izibilini qho.

urography efakwa - Ukulungiselela

Xa isigulane senziwe ukulungiselela iimviwo X-ray, kuthetha urography efakwa, injongo kwakhona kukuthintela ukusekwa igesi kunye nokucoca emathunjini. Njengoko kuboniswe sifo zigqitywa nkqubo womchamo. Izimo ziquka ekuqulunqeni enema nokwanda uvakalelo arhente umahluko X-ray eziqulathe iodine.

Kulo mzekelo izinto zisetyenziswa ezifana urotrast kunye verografin. Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ngaphambi-X ray kushenxiswa yokudla imveliso zilandelayo kunye nefuthe ukuvuthela :. Apples, irye isonka, iimbotyi, ubisi, njl Xa ugqirha flatulence kudla umisa carbol. Thatha le iyeza imfuneko amaxesha 4 yonke imihla iipilisi 2-3.

Ngokuhlwa kwaye kusasa isigulane wabeka enema yokuhlanjululwa, kunye ngobusuku phambi kokuba sifundo lokuthintela ukuthathwa fluid. Xa isigulane unikelwa ngexesha ngenxa kwimbali sifo kwi phononongo, olwenziwe isifundo, umongikazi lingena impahla yakhe radiopaque yegazi.

Xa zonke ezi zigaba ukulungiselela adluleyo, kuqhutywa iimviwo X-ray. A algorithm efanayo izenzo kunye namanye amanyathelo zokuzilungiselela ezinonjongo lokusula esiswini kunye nokuthintela ukuyilwa gas (cholecystography, izifundo emathunjini kunye nabanye.).

ukufunda isisu

Njengoba ingxenye enkulu izifo eziqhelekileyo linxulumene kwinkqubo yokwetyisa, iimviwo zeradiyoloji esiswini na ngaphezu actual. Olu hlobo Uxilongo singachazwa njengento abangabancedani, ekubeni isetyenziswa ikakhulu xa gastritis okusolwayo. Translucence esiswini unika ukukwazi ukubona ngokuchanileyo ubukho ukungaqheleki ezahlukeneyo yokwakheka nokuba ingaphononongwa isiqabu epithelial ubukho yamathumba, hernias, izilonda kunye polyp.

Ngokuqhelekileyo,-X ray ziqhutywa kwimeko iimpawu ezifana ukunyhashwa esitulweni, nesisu esibuhlungu wobulali isicaphucaphu, ezo unexhala rhoqo. Ilungiselela iimviwo X-ray esiswini ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: baqhuba yindlala iiyure-12 ezibangelwa ukusilela ngokupheleleyo intlaka kunye nokutshaya ihlafuna, isigulana ukuselayo isisombululo barium, ngamanye amaxesha - kunye ayodini, apho unako ukufumana umfanekiso nshita kodonga isisu kule mifanekiso.

Xa kuziwa nomntu ogulayo kurhanelwa isilonda, kulo mzekelo, yeyona iphambili le ebizwa ngokuba yi-niche. Oku namnye ngaphandle ukuzaliswa kwethumba unesiphako-olubangelwa, a arhente umahluko. iimviwo X-ray esiswini ukuqaphela ngakumbi isilonda xa ukwakweli ugobile encinane. Kodwa ke isilonda pyloric kunye prepiloricheskie zityhila nzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Kodwa ke inani elikhulu iimpazamo kwinkqubo loxilongo kwenzeka uzingela esiswini izilonda subcardial. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekugqibeni isakhono esiswini isifundo ngobungxamo fluoroscopic mkhulu ngokuchana ubungqina endoscopic.

Studies of the iphecana zesisu (git)

Kulo mzekelo, i-X-ray lusetyenziswa ukuvavanya imeko yonke inkqubo yokwetyisa. -X-reyi ye phecana zesisu isetyenziswa ukwenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

- nomfanekiso iinkcukacha ecikizekileyo morphological (amasimi esiswini kubandakanya);

- isifundo umsebenzi lwemoto le iphecana zesisu;

- ukulungisa ulwazi bamaxwebhu efunyenweyo malunga notshintsho elibhaqiweyo, kuquka iindawo ngqongqo kunye nodonga.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwe iqondo ucinezelo, kweemoto, ukuhla nokunyuka ophezulu kunye umlinganiselo wokuhlala for abalibona emoyeni. Ukwenza imisebenzi echazwe ngasentla kunokwenzeka nokusetyenziswa olongezelelweyo transillumination emva abalibona ray serial, nto leyo eye inkjet lwendawo.

esifubeni X-reyi

Umongo wale ezahlukeneyo lokuhlola X-ray kukufumana umfanekiso kwesifuba. Ngenxa mninzi non-efanayo umqadi udlulayo ngabo, unako ukwenza umfanekiso iyonke zamaqumrhu karhulumente.

-X-reyi emiphungeni unalo iziboniso alandelayo: iintlobo zezifo bronchi, imiphunga kunye noqhoqhoqho. Kusenokwenzeka ithumba, iphika, isifo sephepha, inyumoniya kunye izifo emsebenzini ezahlukeneyo. Xa olu hlobo loviwo, ugqirha uyakwazi ukufumana ulwazi kunye namaziko afana intliziyo, uvalo, kwakunye emqolo thoracic kunye iimbambo.

Chest X-reyi yesifuba, yenye yezona ethandwa, sijoliswe imifanekiso jikelele, lwenziwa iingqikelelo ezimbini (ngokungqalileyo yaye sclerosis) babemile.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, oko kwenziwa umfanekiso lung, ngokusivumela ukufumana imifanekiso eziliqela, ezo ziveliswa kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo Ebubanzini lung kwithishyu. Ngezi mifanekiso ugqirha lungahlola ugxininiso zophendlo lwezifo iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

Ngokungafaniyo imeko esiswini, iimviwo X-ray i indlela engundoqo kwesifo esemgangathweni imeko emiphungeni, nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo amayeza (unyango, Thoracic Utyando, Pulmonology kunye Tuberculosis).

uphando sezintso

Injongo ye-X-reyi kwimeko izintso na uqikelelo olululo iimpawu zabo morphological kwaye esebenza, kwakunye womchamo. Ezi data ukuvumela ukuba ukufumanisa ubukhulu, indawo, kunye nemilo yomzimba, indawo kunye nobukho concretions, kunye nenkqubo pyelocaliceal karhulumente.

X-ray uphando izintso (ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa arhente umahluko) ayinqweneleki ukuba izigulane kuye kukho ukwehla ebalulekileyo imisebenzi zomzimba. Ukuze kuthintelwe naziphi negazi, oko kuyimfuneko ukuze ufumanise ukuba ingaba wadlula phambi izigulane loo uphando kwaye ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga emva nolawulo iziyobisi.

Ukuba iimpawu ezimbi zange wathi, ukulungiswa umguli iimviwo X-ray kufuneka ibandakanye peremedikatsiyu kunye steroids kunye antihistamines. Kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ziqwalasele nobuzaza yesigulane kwiziyobisi ezahlukahlukeneyo ayodini-equlethe.

umahluko ray

Ngokufundisisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo izifundo X-ray, esi sifo kwakuthetha, ekwabizwa ngokuba Angiocardiography, kufuneka ingqalelo. Injongo yawo kukuqinisekisa ngokuchanileyo imeko amagumbi intliziyo imithambo yegazi enkulu ngokusebenzisa ixhokonxa ezizodwa. Olu hlobo sifo, xa mgaqo, ngaba sizimisele ukuba uqhaqho. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo kwigumbi yokusebenza, nto leyo iba izixhobo ezizodwa ise emdeni kotyando kwentliziyo (ingakumbi xa kujongwe le nkqubo).

Ukwenza iimviwo X-ray yale hlobo kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthatha iisampuli kokuba nakho ukuguqulwa nokuba neziyobisi ayodini-equlethe. Uphononongo ngokwayo kufuneka uqhutywe kwi ungatyanga. Ngaphezu koko, imfuno na ingqalelo kwisigulana yi abongikazi njengoko ubuncwane radiopaque eyaziswa lweHo- wentliziyo, oko kunokukhokelela kungekuphela nje ekuqaleni, kodwa iingxaki emva kwexesha.

Kuhle ukwazi umahluko yoviwo X-ray ukuba imzisele iimpawu ezifana ukubetha kwentliziyo kakubi, ukuphelelwa umoya, sinciphise uxinzelelo lwegazi, iintlungu entliziyweni, yimbonakalo yokuswela amandla, ukonakala jikelele. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ngoko nangoko uqhagamshelane umongikazi, nto leyo, linyanzelekile ukuba ugqirha azazi ezi nguqu kwi imeko yesigulane.

isifo wamathumbu

Le yinxalenye yomzimba, efana nabanye, nayo ifuna inkcazelo ngqo inguqu engentle kwimeko urhano kuphuhliso nasiphi na isifo. -X-reyi ze emathunjini ijolise ekuchongeni iinkalo kunye nezakhiwo njengoko Amathumbu amakhulu nezincinane. Ngexesha isifundo isigulane ithatha umahluko oluludaka (100 g amanzi kunye ne-100 g barium sulfate). Emva kweeyure 2.5 oluludaka engena cecum. Kubalulekile ukuba inguqu kule unqunyanyiso rate kwesisu (emva okanye phambi kwexesha elibekiweyo) ukufumanisa ukuba ngaba kukho ukutyeshelwa umsebenzi motor.

Kwimeko colon x-reyi kwenziwa emva kokuba oluludaka lizele ezahlulwe sisithuba phezulu kunye colon ezinqamlezayo. Le Translations uyakwazi ukuchonga imeko ngengingqi, azikhuli kunye constriction kummandla isifo.

Contrast ray le bronchi

Injongo yolu phando kukuchonga nethumba kwi bronchi, isicwili kwemiphunga em- nokwandiswa umzimba. Inkqubo diagnostic luyenziwa usebenzisa umahluko yokuthintela lesitofu mithambo le bronchi.

Ukulungiselela bronhografii kuquka premedication, ukuba baqhube uvavanyo malunga nokunyamezela kwamachiza eziqulathe ayodini, ucoco mthi inyumoniya (kwakukho ukuba wafumana ubovu isikhohlela), ingcaciso ukubaluleka yomguli kunye nenjongo isifundo ezizayo, utshintsho oluyimfuneko kwisidlo sakho imini phambi ray.

Ngenxa emva iinkqubo zokuxilonga inokuba ezinye iingxaki, isigulana inikwa ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo udluliselo lugqitywe.

Fundisisa senyongo

Injongo yale X-ray - luhlobo senyongo ngqo, deformation, indawo, iqondo yoko kwaye ubukho amatye kuyo. Xa uxilongo ezifana nazo kusetyenziswa into zeradiyoloji wakhe xi ufikelela ezona emva kweeyure 10-15 emva nolawulo.

Kwimeko yeencwadi nezibonelelo umahluko efakwa abangena isifundo kufuneka ngokuba cholegraphy efakwa. Le ndlela iyasetyenziswa kwiimeko xa kuyimfuneko ukuba umahluko kwiindibano inyongo intrahepatic.

X-reyi iimviwo abantwana

Ekuqaleni, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba Ukubanjwa iinkqubo ezininzi zokuxilonga usebenzisa-X-reyi akukho yingozi ebantwaneni.

iimviwo X-ray ebantwaneni yenziwe ukuze kumiselwe bonke ubungqina ebalulekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i ingozi yokuba sesichengeni ukuya kwemitha X-ray usezantsi kakhulu izisongelo kunokwenzeka ukuba engaqatshelwayo kungekho kuxilongo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

X-reyi system kuhlolwa esetyenziswa lokufunyaniswa imeko yabafazi abakhulelweyo kunye ibele-lwebele. Ngokubhekisele umonakalo kunokwenzeka ukuba oomama abo uncancisa, akukho sizathu inkxalabo. Kwimeko abafazi wozeleyo inkwenkwe, oko ke, simele siqonde ukuba inqanaba lokuhlola ubungozi ngokusebenzisa X-ray kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ngenkqubo kunye nexesha ukukhulelwa.

iziphumo

Ngokusekelwe kule nkcazelo ingasentla, kulula ukucinga ukuba iimviwo X-ray nga kunceda ukuchonga izifo ezichaphazela amalungu kunye neenkqubo omzimba womntu ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukuba kuqwalaselwa enye yezi ndlela isebenzayo mihla kokuxilongwa.