Splenomegaly - ntoni na? Iimpawu, oonobangela, ukuphathwa splenomegaly

Splenomegaly - ntoni na? Impendulo umbuzo, ufumana kancinane. Ukongeza, siza kuxubusha kutheni kusenzeka esi sifo, yintoni iimpawu zaso, inkqubo loxilongo kunye nonyango.

Overview

Splenomegaly - ntoni na? Ukuziqhelisa lwezonyango, eli gama libhekisela ukuba isifo, esibonakala yi wokwandisa ebalulekileyo udakada. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka xa imbonakaliso umzimba inxaxheba kwinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ezivela ngaphandle. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ubunzima udakada, nkqu zikarhulumente zesiqhelo kuba mkhulu kakhulu (oluphindwe-2) kunokuba nawuphi na umbutho. Kungenxa yoko le nto umbundu apho ukwanda lomzimba kuqwalaselwa splenomegaly, uhlale phantsi kwemiqathango. Ngoko ke, xa kwimeko eqhelekileyo ubunzima udakada umntu omdala malunga 100-150 g umzimba usempilweni Ngokucofa aluyi kuba ngaphezu kwe-7 cm (kulinganiswa kwikonw ngekona). Lokufunyaniswa "udakada splenomegaly" wabeka kakhulu ezinqabileyo. Oku kwenzeka phantsi kwale miqathango ilandelayo:

• ukuba ubukhulu umzimba lidlula ixabiso wathi;
• Ukuba anozizi splenic kakhulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga;
• Ukuba spleen ngaba ubonwe ngokucacileyo ngu Ngokucofa.

Indima udakada emzimbeni womntu

Splenomegaly - ntoni na? Impendulo kumbuzo sithethe ngazo ngasentla. Le spleen iyingxenye ebalulekileyo yamajoni omzimba. Njengoko yaziwa, iye fasoleobraznuyu ziphembelele kwaye ibekwe inxalenye ephezulu ekhohlo esisu - okanye kunokuba ngaphantsi uvalo. Ngaloo spleen uyaguqa phakathi 9 kunye ubambo-11. Xa umzimba usempilweni omdala yabantu zimelwe inobunzima malunga 150 grams. Igubungela aninasabelo an kwisisu elinganiselwa kuma-11 eesentimitha kwicala nkqo.

spleen

umzimba thaca idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni womntu. umsebenzi bakhe ukuphelisa izinto eziphilayo angaphandle okanye iintsholongwane kwegazi, kwakunye nokuphuhlisa antibodies ukuba amajoni omzimba wakho kwaye susa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba udakada ukuze nande ubukhulu nokuba xa isenza imisebenzi yayo yesiqhelo, ukuphendula nayiphi na isifo. Oku kungenxa yokuba izifo ezithile ezichaphazela iiseli igazi, ekwaziyo yokwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi emzimbeni. Ngokutsho kweengcali, isifo ezichaphazela udakada, kaninzi bakhonza unobangela yobukhulu yakhe enkulu. Noko ke, uxilongo "splenomegaly" ufake kwiimeko ezinqabileyo. Emva kokuba indyebo umzimba ayisoloko ukuthetha ngemeko yakhe engaqhelekanga.

ubukhulu spleen ezingahambi

Splenomegaly - ntoni na? Esi sifo kwenziwa nesibalo udakada landile. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba eboniswe Ungaveyisha malunga 500 grams, kwaye imilinganiso yalo ezinkulu - ziyahluka ukusuka iisentimitha-11 ukuya kuma-20. Splenomegaly, ezibangela apho siya kuqwalasela ngezantsi, kunye ubunzima inomzimba ongaphezulu kwama-1000 grams kunye ubude ngeesentimitha ezingaphezu kwama-20, loo nto ithathwa uqhwithela kwaye inzima. Kuba unyango lwesi sifo isigulane kusenokufuneka therapy adjuvant okanye uqhaqho.

Splenomegaly: ezibangela izifo

Kukho izizathu ezininzi kule imeko zophendlo lwezifo. Bona zahlukahlukene yaye ngokufuthi ziyahluka ukusuka yamathumba amabi (umhlaza), ingxinano (okanye amandla ukuhamba kwegazi ukwanda) kunye usulelo zezinye izifo ilungu afunxwe kwizifo ukudumba kunye nezifo egazi.

Cinga nobangela uqhelekileyo udakada ezandisiweyo, eziquka imiba efana:

• umhlaza igazi (umz, wegazi, lymphoma okanye myelofibrosis);
• izifo kwiiseli (ezifana spherocytosis, thalassemia okanye irhengqa cell anemia);
• isifo sesibindi (umz, kohlobo C, ukuqina ngenxa kohlobo B, ukusetyenziswa elide utywala kunye okunamafutha kwesibindi) ;
• Izifo ukudumba (isifo samathambo kunye lupus zomzimba);
• isifo Gaucher (okanye isifo lipid metabolism);
• flow engaqhelekanga igazi occlusion kwemithambo yegazi, imithambo (umz, splenic vein thrombosis, ukusilela intliziyo congestive kunye ukuvaleka vein portal);
• purpura thrombocytopenic idiopathic;
• izifo ezahlukeneyo (endocarditis ziibhakteriya, mononucleosis, AIDS, isifo seengcongconi, Leishmania, Mycobacterium, njl d.).

Splenomegaly: iimpawu

Njengoko iyaziwa, unxaxho efana splenomegaly, akukho iimpawu ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, i ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi zazo intlungu engacacanga esiswini kunye ukuqunjelwa. Yonke le miqondiso splenomegaly ingqalelo nonspecific. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abanye abantu udakada enkulu kakhulu badla ezikhala kuhluthe kwangethuba kunye neempawu reflux esiswini.

Umqondiso yokugqibela sifo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo kwisisu esiswini iqalisa ukuba bayeke.

Kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu zinxulunyaniswa nokwanda umzimba, zezi zilandelayo:

• ukubila ebusuku;
• umkhuhlane;
• komzimba;
• ubuthathaka jikelele;
• pallor;
• ukulinyazwa lula;
• ukudinwa.

Xa nakulowo ukuba ufune uncedo lonyango?

Splenomegaly abantwana nabantu abadala kufuna waphawula olusisinyanzelo i ugqirha onamava. Noko ke, asinguye wonke umntu abe imeko lwezidumbu, uyazi ukuba umele uvule nawuphi na ugqirha. Kule nkalo kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukukhetha ingcaphephe kuxhomekeke ikakhulu koko iye ukuphuhlisa sifo. Ngenxa yoko, izigulane kubhekisela (ugqirha Igxininisa kakhulu unyango lwezifo yegazi) kwi segazi, Oncology (nangezilonda umhlaza lweengcali) kwaye gastroenterologist (izifo emathunjini lwengcali, kuquka kwesibindi). Emva kotyelelo lokugqibela ugqirha kufuneka aqhube axilongwe ngokupheleleyo yaye emva koko inike i unyango olusebenzayo.

Kuxhomekeka ezibangela esi sifo kubantu nale unesifo angafuna esibhedlele ngokungxamisekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kwenzeka xa isigulane uyaxhalaba olungaphezu esiswini kunye iimpawu ukopha kunye nosuleleko, anikho phantsi kukhathalelo ekhaya.

ukuhlolwa

Emva unyango isiguli ukuba oyingcali kwindawo yokuqala ilinde uviwo. Ukuze wenze oku, oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela Ngokucofa yesandi. Ngezi ndlela ke ukugqiba ubungakanani udakada. Xa karhulumente yesiqhelo malunga ne-3% yabantu emzimbeni ngokulula uvalo. Nangona kunjalo mass uvalo esiswini ephezulu ekhohlo inokuba nomahluko gqitha ngenxa unobangela, kwaye udakada hayi ziphangalalisiwe. Yiyo loo nto iingcali basebenzisa nezinye iindlela diagnostic.

Ukuba splenomegaly on Ngokucofa akaba nakufunyanwa ke, kodwa zonke iimpawu zibonisa ukuba lukhona, isigulana linokukwenziwa ukuya uvavanyo lwegazi eqhelekileyo. Ekuhambeni yolu phando, iingcali ziqikelela ekwakhiweni, imilo, kwaye inani leeseli zegazi ezimhlophe, neeplatelets kunye neeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ezi zikhombisi ukuze kumkhanyela okanye ukuqinisekisa ubukho besi sifo.

isifo splenomegaly

Ukuba inani leengcali nokuhlalutya emva kokuba uhlolo kunye ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukubeka iziphumo, ngoko ukuxilongwa ngakumbi bamthwala ultrasound, kwakunye ikhompyutha kunye nemagnethi ekuvakaleni kwelizwi Itomography. Ezi ndlela singakwazi ukubonelela imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ngamalungu angaphakathi, yaye ngenxa yoko, ukujonga ngokuchanileyo ubukho okanye ukungabikho sifo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba livakale umfanekiso magnetic iphumelela ngokukodwa ngexesha ukumiselwa thrombosis ndlela splenic okanye thrombosis le portal.

Ngaphandle bonke abanye, ngenxa uxilongo kwezifo ezifana kusetyenziswa isifundo radioisotope. Le ndlela echanileyo kakhulu onako ukuchonga ngokucacileyo inxenye emzimbeni udakada. Nangona kunjalo, indlela langoku kunzima ukuphumeza imali eninzi kakhulu.

iintlobo zezifo

Kuxhomekeka izizathu imeko zophendlo lwezifo ezifana unyango lwakhe kunokuba ezahlukeneyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba namhlanje rhoqo izigulane zithi ngale sifo ngokuthi "isibindi splenomegaly." Nangona eli gama ayikho ngokupheleleyo kuyinyaniso, kodwa eneneni, wawandisa udakada Idla kukwanda namanye amalungu zangaphakathi. Loo umlinganisleo kakhulu sibe sibi imeko yomguli kunye nonyango yayo.

1. splenomegaly Moderate - ntoni na? Le wawandisa udakada, ezivele ngenxa yayo nayiphi na into zophendlo lwezifo kwicala.
2. Hepatomegaly - luhlobo wawandisa kwesibindi, kudityaniswe ukwanda igunya ikhankanywe ngasentla.
3. Banti syndrome - ukwanda ngaxeshanye kunye udakada, kunye nomhlehlo wesibindi.

unyango lwesifo

Kuthekani ukuba umntu une "splenomegaly '? Unyango welungu mayibhekiswe ngoyena nobangela sifo. Njengoko yaziwa, esi sifo njengokubonisa enye sifo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba udakada enkulu akukho mfuneko ukunyanga logama nje umzimba yomguli akuthethi ukuphuhlisa hypersplenism kakhulu.

Amaninzi ngaxeshanye kunye nonyango lwe neengcali sifo engundoqo ukuphumeza uthotho amanyathelo ukuphucula imeko yomguli kunye nonyango lwe splenomegaly. iinkqubo ezinjalo kungabandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• ukutofelwa leukocyte ubunzima;
• ezimpontshelwa zegazi;
• unyango glucocorticoid ze isigulane (ichiza "prednisolone" sabelwa isixa-mali ka-20-40 mg ngemihla iinyanga 4-6);
• ngokususa umzimba enkulu okanye splenectomy.

ukungenelela kuhlinzwa

Splenectomy zenziwa ziingcali kunokuba inqabile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi onjalo ejoliswe ekulweni izifo. splenectomy Ngokuqhelekileyo olwenziwa iimeko zophendlo lwezifo ezifana ezifana thalassemia, splenic umthambo occlusion, isifo Gaucher, yaye wegazi. ukususa i isigqibo udakada eyandisiweyo senziwe gqirha ngabanye ukuba isigulane ngasinye. Oku kuxhomekeka kwimeko kwaye nengozi kusenokwenzeka ebomini yesigulane. Emva kwi umonakalo onamandla umbutho kunokwenzeka komsipha splenic, nto leyo iza kuqulatha i legazi lwangaphakathi. Hi ndlela leyi, ngenxa yesi sizathu, izigulane uxilongwe "splenomegaly" aluvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuzibandakanya kwimidlalo kunye nawuphi na umsebenzi ofuna.

Yintoni esongela kususwe udakada?

Ukungabikho lo mzimba, okanye ekuthiwa asplenia, inika nengozi enkulu kakhulu yosulelo kunye nenyama ngabanye iintsholongwane ezisongela ubomi, ebandakanya oku kulandelayo: Neisseria meningitidis, Hemophilus influenzae kunye iStreptococcus pneumoniae. Kungenxa yoko le nto emva ukusebenza splenectomy mazisoloko ukugonyelwa zonke ezi ntsholongwane.

ukululama

Splenomegaly ngokwayo nokuba uyabulala. Ngapha koko, akukho impendulo udakada kuphela ukuba naziphi na izifo emzimbeni womntu. Xa igazi, isigulane emiselweyo intsimbi ngomlomo esiyityhefu. Ukuba noku kutenxa kokumiselweyo lukhatshwa thrombocytopenia kunye leukopenia, oogqirha susa ilungu ebushushwini babo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emva kotyando umguli nangoko ezinophawu ukwanda kwenani zegazi kunye leukocytes, kubuna iimpawu ukopha diathesis, isigulane wongezelela kakhulu ukuya ubunzima yaye kuphucula imeko yakhe jikelele. Ukuba umfana lo unesifo kwabakho ukulibaziseka ukukhula, emva splenectomy, yonke into iza zibuyele esiqhelweni. Ukuba ngexesha kotyando, isigulane kwakungekho zokuncipha umzimba, kwaye utshintsho amalungu kunye namathambo anayenza, ngoko kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kwi kuxolelwe.

Ngamafuphi

Ngokubanzi, uyayazi loo nto splenomegaly ingozi njengoko isifo esisiseko. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho amatyala amaninzi yezonyango mihla, naxa banzi kakhulu udakada returns kubungakanani bayo yesiqhelo emva kokuba unyango indibanisela sifo ngxabano. Oku kubangelwa kukuba iindlela ezikhoyo diagnostic ukuvumela ukuba ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza isizathu sokuba splenomegaly kwaye uqale unyango zayo ngokupheleleyo.