Ngonyama American: kukhokho ingxilimbela iikati mihla

Kangangexesha elide, de kube mzuzu umntu xa waba lizingela ndafumana isixhobo, phezu ikhonkco lokutya iplanethi yethu ukuba abameli usapho cat. Kakade ke, akuzange kube iingonyama owayephila ngexesha lethu, jaguar, amahlosi kunye amahlosi, nooyise babo extinct, ezifana saber-unamazinyo ingwe okanye American Lion. Uqhelene nezakudala ingonyama phantse extinct American, okanye njengoko zizazinzulu, Panthera Leo atrox.

incazelo eziphilayo

Zonke iingonyama kunye jaguar, amahlosi kunye nehlosi bangamalungu entsapho cat (Felidae), ilungu subfamily Pantherinae - iikati ezinkulu, kwaye sodidi Panthera (Panther). Ngokutsho uphando nasekusungulweni kwale hlobo ngo-900,000 eyadlulayo, apho Afrika mihla namhlanje. abameli Kamva ezi zilwanyana loni inxalenye enkulu Holarctic. Iintsalela zokuqala carnivores eYurophu afunyanwa kufutshane nesixeko Italian ka Isernia, kunye nobudala babo egqitywe kwiminyaka 700 000. Kwilizwekazi yaseYurophu malunga 300,000 eyadlulayo belimiwe ingonyama mqolomba. Ngenxa zirhuqwe yokudibanisa ngelixa Melika nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya, inxalenye inane ezi ezizingelayo mqolomba waba nge Alaska kunye Chukotka e North America, apho, ngenxa ngabodwa elide ebumba zenyathi ezintsha leengonyama - American.

amaqhina entsapho

Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi ngokudibeneyo ixesha elide olwenziwe ngabaphandi Russia, eBritani, Australia kunye iJamani, kwafunyaniswa ukuba sonke emhlabeni kukho iintlobo ezintathu weengonyama. Namhlanje, i indawo kunokuba ezincinane uphila ingonyama mihla. Kodwa phambi kwakhe kwakukho amabini kokubhalwa kwembali kunye neentlobo extinct namhlanje. Kuqala kwinto zonke, le nto ingonyama umqolomba (Panthera leo spelaea), wahlala kwintshona eKhanada kunye kummandla phantse lonke Eurasia ngexesha Pleistocene. Ukongeza, kwakhona kubekho i ingonyama American (Panthera leo atrox), owayehlala kwindawo ngoku eUnited States. Yaye kwezinye iindawo zaseMzantsi Melika. Wabiza kwakhona ingonyama American North okanye jaguar giant Negele. Ngenxa yokuba izifundo zofuzo izilwanyana entsalela kunye amarhamncwa mihla bakwazi ukumisela ukuba zonke zontathu iintlobo iingonyama ufuzo zabo basondele kakhulu. Kodwa nantsi into enye safumana ukuba izazinzulu: a zenyathi ingonyama waseMelika kwi bodwa yemfuza kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-340 000, yaye ngelo xesha waba eyahlukileyo kakhulu kwezinye ohlobo.

abazange beze bevela phi?

Ekuqaleni, iingonyama, ababephume kuyo Afrika zahlala emideni yonke Eurasia waza sawela Beringia ilizwe kwebhulorho eyayidibanisa ngaloo mihla kunye kwilizwekazi eYurophu, eMntla Melika, waza ukuphuhlisa kwilizwekazi entsha. Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba xa kukuvela lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezimbini North America ngenxa nokungasetyenziswa nabammeli bezi abantu ababini ngenxa glaciation. Ngokutsho kwenye hypothesis iintlobo ezahlukeneyo: emqolombeni neengonyama American - la abameli amaza ezimbini zemfuduko evela Eurasia, kakhulu ezikude enye kwenye ngexesha.

ahlola njani?

Njengezinye ezizingelayo ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, American Lion wanyamalala-10 000 eyadlulayo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha bakhe wayengomnye sikhulu kakhulu yingozi zezilwanyana, ubude unako ukufikelela eziimitha ezintathu ngakumbi, ubunzima bafikelela iimazi 300, kunye namadoda kunye ukuya kwi 400 kg. Phakathi izazinzulu kusekho akukho sivumelwano kwi umbuzo wokuba isingci esi silwanyana njengoko inzala yakhe mihla, okanye hayi. Nangona kunjalo, imbonakalo yawo zichaza kakhulu ngokucacileyo: ngemilenze ezinamandla tight, umntla dystrophy, jize kunye nentloko enkulu, yaye emva yaba nomsila elide. ngebala, abaphengululi lubonisa, babomelele, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba utshintshe lixesha. Eyona morphologically efana Ligers ingonyama American - inzala wengonyama kunye tigress. Kunzima ukucinga ukusuka nenkcazelo wakhangela ngathi American Lion. Photo yokwakha bembonakalo yayo kusinceda siqonde indlela unjani "isalamane" komntu.

Apho yena waphila?

Ngenxa yoko ke siza zakudala kwamathambo lesi silwanyana sele kufunyenwe ngaphezu indawo enkulu ukusuka ePeru Alaska. Le nto ivumele ukuba izazinzulu athi ingonyama American ababuyanga badle kuphela North kodwa kwezinye kwimimandla Umzantsi Melika. A lot of esi silwanyana mathambo engekude eLos Angeles. Nanamhlanje, nangona inkqubela ebonakalayo kwinzululwazi, izazinzulu awukwazi ukunika oonobangela ngqo kunye ezithile yokuduka umhlaseli-10 000 eyadlulayo. Kukho nantoni na awayefike sele ngokuncipha komhlaba ukudla kunye nokufa izilwanyana, bakhonza ukutya baseMerika iingonyama ngenxa yotshintsho glacial kunye zemozulu. Kukho kwakhona luguqulelo oluphambi ukubandakanyeka kwabantu bamandulo ukuya kwanokupheliswa kwalo irhamncwa inzima.

Food and okhuphisana

American Lion ngexesha wakhe uzingela kwiminyanya elk zale mihla inyathi, kwakunye zeenkomo ityholo icinyiwe, iinkamela asentshona, iinkunzi zasendle kunye namahashe (Equus). Ngelo xesha e North America wahlala kunye nezinye ezinkulu ezizingelayo, nayo extinct.

Kuba ukukhuselwa lixhoba labo kunye iingonyama amabala lokuzingela kufuneka zidityaniswe ndawonye. Ukukhusela ukutya nommandla walwa American Lion saber-unamazinyo tiger (Machairodontinae), iingcuka eyoyikekayo yamandulo (Canis dirus) kunye nebhere ababemi elifutshane (Arctodus simus).