Ifilosofi yamaGrike

Ukuqala ngokuzalwa bulumko yamaRoma ngokwemveli kucingelwa ukuba i-II I iinkulungwane. BC. e. Ukuba sithethe ngayo kwixesha lamandulo liphela, ngokunxulumene bulumko yamaGrike, sobulumko yaseRoma abaninzi aphakamileyo. bulumko yamaGrike baqalisa lasasazwa ngamaRoma ngenkulungwane I. BC. e. Ethandwa kakhulu ngelo xesha imfundiso uEpicurus, kwiintanda-amaStoyike kunye abagxeki, theory kaPlato. bulumko yamaGrike - ixesha ukuba uye waba sokugqibela kuphuhliso kwintanda-Greece yamandulo kwaye ebalasele ngokuziqhelanisa kweenqobo nolwamkelo iintshukumo zonqulo lwaseMpuma.

Enye kwizikolo ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle eli xesha esikolweni elasekwa ngabalandeli abathanda ukugxeka. Le mfundiso wamemezela eya ukwaliwa zonke lwangaphandle - ukuqalela iimfuno zomzimba kunye nesiphelo kunye nenzululwazi. AbaGxeki babeqinisekile zonke iingenelo kuphela ngaphakathi umntu yaye akazalani ngaphandle, nto leyo inegalelo nje kuphela ngokubonakala ubomi babantu ezi zibonelelo, kodwa kukho umqobo endleleni eya ulonwabo.

UEpicurus (341 -. 270 BC) kunye nabalandeli bakhe wabeka phambili imigaqo ubomi bulumko ezahlukeneyo kancinane, nangona nabo ulonwabo lwabo lokufundisa yenye iindidi eziphambili bulumko. Kwiimfundiso uEpicurus zayo obunzulu, ontology, physics, kodwa ke okubalulekileyo kakhulu kwimbali bulumko yaba kwimigawo yakhe. Xa intliziyo izimiso uEpicurus lo mgaqo njengako okulungileyo ubumnandi ulonwabo, kodwa uEpicurus akuthethi ngoburheletyo, uyiqonda uyolo, ingakumbi "ukunqongophala komzimba ukubandezeleka." Kanye lengcinga uyoliswe kwiimfundiso uEpicurus probrel wolungiso ethile yengqondo, yaye omnye iinxalenye ubumnandi enjalo, uEpicurus wayekholelwa isifundo-bulumko.

Ekupheleni VI. BC, kamva isikolo uEpicurus, ixesha lamaGrike -bulumko samandulo yabalasela ukuyilwa kwesinye isikolo adumileyo bulumko - yesikolo yamaStoyike. Ngunozala kwesi sikolo Zeno. Umgaqo esisiseko ye-ayekholelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: nelonwabisayo ukulandela uhlobo macala. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba iingcamango namaStoyike sele kakhulu zithandwa eRoma yamandulo. ZamaGrike-Roman ifilosofi kuphawulwa kwimisebenzi ezinkulu amaStoyike baseRoma: uSeneca, Marcus Aurelius, Epictetus. Iingcamango iinkcuba kwexesha waphelelwa ngumdla phantse ngokupheleleyo iingxaki bulumko, elele ukuziphatha ngaphandle. Kwaye njengoko kakhulu ethical, la maqela baseRoma wavakalisa ingcamango lobuzalwana jikelele kwabantu, inceba, uthando umntu yamawenu, nkqu neentshaba.

Enye indima ezaziwayo-kakuhle, nto leyo intanda odumileyo zamaGrike, kuba ukungabi nathemba. Umqambi kugxeka yi Pirron (360 - 280 BC.). Ingcamango yokufundisa wakhe ukuba njengento sobulumko, ngokutsho Pyrrho, umntu ofuna ukuphumeza ulonwabo. Ulonwabo, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba akukho intlungu kunye nenzolo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokutsho abagxeki, akukho ndlela yokwazi ayikwazi singachazwa njengento nokuba kungenyaniso, isimo yentanda izinto kukuba ziyeke izigwebo ngezi zinto. Ngaba kuphela okuvelayo sensory esebenzayo zethu neembono kukhokelela kuphela lihlazo.

bulumko yamaGrike yenze iinguqu ezithile kwicala ezizinzululwazi iimfundiso xesha, ezi utshintsho kubangelwa ikakhulu utshintsho zopolitiko ezentlalo nezoqoqosho ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Yawona kwexesha lamaGrike, ugxininiso ephambili ukusombulula iingxaki yokuziphatha kwabantu, iingxaki zokuziphatha bomntu eluntwini. bulumko yamaGrike yabalasela izimvo revolution elo xesha ingqalelo amakhoboka isidima sabo yabantu, ezinye zobulumko baye bavakalisa uluvo ukuba amakhoboka abe umlinganiswa iphezulu yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso nombono omtsha bulumko kwi ihlabathi kunye noluntu luphela, ezi zikolo mabini ezelwe esasekwa Plato noAristotle, ngokuthe ngcembe waphelelwa sisidima kugquba, yaye libunile kungena kwisiqalo.