I-United States yaseMelika: abantu, imbali kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

Julayi 4 - enye yeeholide ezibalulekileyo ebomini bonke baseMerika. Kwakulolu suku ngo-1776 ukuba iqela elitsha likarhulumente livele kwibalazwe yehlabathi-i-United States yaseMelika. Inani labemi lizwe namhlanje ngabantu abayizigidi ezingama-325. Inani labemi baseUnited States bahlala kwindawo yesithathu ehlabathini.

Abantu kunye namazwe: United States of America

I-USA yenye yezona zikhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. I- GDP ebizwa ngokuba yi-GDP kunye nelo likhulu letyala likawonkewonke. Inkcitho enkulu kumkhosi kunye nempilo. Inani elikhulu lamapolisa kunye nenani elikhulu lokubulala ngonyaka. Yonke le yi-United States of America.

Abemi beli lizwe malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-325. Kwale nqondiso, i-US imbeka ngokuqinisekileyo isikhundla sesithathu kwihlabathi (emva kweNdiya kunye neChina). Ngokwezibalo zamvanje, kwi-"United States" likhaya eli-4.44% labantu bonke behlabathi lethu.

I-USA isekho eMntla Melika kwaye ihlala ngaphezu kweyesithathu kwendawo yeli zwekazi. Urhulumente unempembelelo enkulu kwihlabathi lonke lanamhlanje (ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, impi). Amakhulu amabutho ase-US asezantsi ahlakazekile kumazwe angama-80 eMhlabeni.

Imbali yokwakheka nokubunjwa kwe-United States

Ngokuqinisekileyo, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuvela kwale rhulumente senziwa ngu-Christopher Columbus ohamba ngomkhumbi, efumene iMelika ngo-1492. Kwakukupheleni kwekhulu le-15 abantu baseYurophu babonakala kuqala kule ngxenye yehlabathi. Kuze kube ngoko, iMntla yaseMerika (njengeMzantsi) yayihlala kuphela ngabantu baseNdiya.

Ngekhulu le-XVIII, malunga nommandla wonke waseNyakatho Melika yahlanganiswa ngabantu baseYurophu. Kwaye kunxweme lwaseAtlantic, abaninzi abantu abavela eBrithani, eTexas naseFlorida - abaseSpanish, nakwiiLwandle eziMkhulu-isiFrentshi. Ngama-1774 ngaphezulu kwamaqela angama-angama-angesi-angama-angesi-angama-angama-angama-angama-600 aseMerika aqala ukulwa ngokuzivula ngokuzikhuselekileyo kunye ne-metropolis.

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, iSibhengezo esichaza ukuzimela kunye nolongamo lwaloo mgaqo-nkqubo wamkelwa. Ngo-1787, abantu baseMerika babhala umgaqo-siseko wabo, ngokubhekiselele kulo, ilizwe labo elitsha laliza kuphuhlisa kwimigaqo yenkululeko nentando yeninzi. Ngoko iUnited States of America yabonakala ...

Inani labantu baseUnited States ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 kwakungekho enkulu kakhulu - ngabantu abayizigidi ezi-4 kuphela. Kwiminyaka ekhulwini elizayo ummandla welizwe elincinane landa: ngenxa yokunqoba nokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngoko, iU.SA yathatha iFlorida esuka eSpain, iRashiya iya eAlaska, isiFrentshi eLouanaana, njalo njalo.

Kwiminyaka ye-1860, kwavela ukungqubuzana okukhulu phakathi kwamazwe asekumantla nakumazantsi, okwakubangelwa ukulwa nemfazwe yembambano. Ngosizo lwezixhobo, "abakwa-kasentla" bakwazi ukugcina iUnited States of America ngobumbano kunye nokuthembeka. Ngaloo xesha, abantu beli lizwe sele befikile abantu abayizigidi ezingama-40.

Imfazwe. Inkathazo. Kwakhona imfazwe ...

Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lemashumi mabini, i-US ayizange ingenelele kwimicimbi ye-Yurophu, iyazibandakanya ekumiseni izigaba zayo zempembelelo kwingingqi yaseCaribbean. Ngo-Ephreli 1917, amagunya ase-United States agqiba ukujoyina iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala ngasekupheleni kweMvumelwano. Kule mpi, iUnited States yalahlekelwa ngabemi bayo abayi-117 000.

Ukukhula koqoqosho ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emva kwempi kwathatyathwa yinkxalabo efanayo. Ngexesha elibizwa ngokuthi "Ukudandatheka Okukhulu" (1929-1933), umveliso wase-USA wehla kakhulu. Kwinqanaba leengxaki kwilizwe kwakukho izigidi ezili-15 ezingasebenzi. Ukuthelekisa: isixa esipheleleyo seMerika yaseMelika ngelo xesha kwakuyizigidi eziyi-125 zabantu.

Ukungabi nako ixesha lokuphucula ngokwenene emva kweengxaki ezinkulu, iUnited States yangena kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Oku kwenzeka ngoDisemba 7, 1941. Kwakhona, iMelika ithathe icala kwicala lokulwa neJamani. Imfazwe ephambili yemikhosi yaseMerika yayingummandla wePacific, kwaye umchasi omkhulu wempi wayengumkhosi waseJapan. Ingongoma yezoBukhosi kwiMfazwe yeSizwe yesiBini yabekwa amaMerika, ilahle iibhomu ze-athomu kwiidolophu ezimbini zaseJapan - i-Hiroshima neNagasaki. Emva koko, umbusi waseJapan uHirohito wanyanzelwa ukuba asayine isenzo sokuzinikela.

EU.SA ngexesha le "bipolar world"

Ukunqoba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yesibili kwavumela uqoqosho lwaseMerika ukuba lube luqinile kwiinyawo zalo, kodwa nokuba lube nesinye sezikhundla zokuqala kwihlabathi. I- TNC yaseMerika (iinkampani zamazwe angaphandle) kwiminyaka emva kwempi yaqala ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, ukwandisa inethiwekhi yamasebe awo emhlabeni jikelele.

Ngokubanzi, sele sele sele ekupheleni kwe-40-i-United States ingena kwimfazwe elandelayo, kodwa sele isele "ibanda." Ngeli xesha, ubuKomanisi beSoviet buba ngumchasi wentando yesininzi yaseMerika. Kwiminyaka engama-alandelayo phantse ihlabathi lonke lahlukana ngokwasemthethweni phakathi kwezi zibini.

Into ebizwa ngokuba "yimfazwe ebandayo" iye yavelisa ingxabano ebomvu neyodwa. Amanqaku ashushu kakhulu kwiplanethi kwisiqingatha sesibini sekhulu leminyaka yayingu: Cuba, Vietnam, Korea ne-Afghanistan. Kuphela kwiminyaka ye-1980 kwakwenza uhlobo "lokufudumala" luqala ngobudlelwane phakathi kwe-US kunye neSoviet Union.

Inani labantu base-US: inombolo, ukubunjwa neelwimi. Iimpawu zengqondo yabantu baseMerika

I-United States yaseMelika yilizwe elininzi. Phantse i-63% yabemi "imhlophe" (ininzi yabantu base-England, eScotland nase-Ireland), i-16% - i-Hispanics, i-12%-emnyama. Kukho ezininzi isiTshayina, isiFrentshi, isiRashiya, isiNtaliyane namaKorea kweli lizwe. Phakathi kweelwimi eziqhelekileyo zaseUnited States ziNgesi (eMerika), iSpanish, isiShayina, isiFrentshi nesiJamani.

Yintoni abantu baseMelika yaseMelika namhlanje? Ngo-2016, kukho izigidi ezingama-325.3 zabantu abahlala apha. Kwiidolophu, ama-81% aseMerika ahlala. Izibonakaliso zokulindela ubomi eMelika - enye yezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi. Abafazi apha bahlala kwiminyaka engama-84, kunye namadoda - iminyaka engama-75.

Abemi beklasi beli lizwe banokwenza izinto, abanomdla, abanomdla welizwe kwaye bavuya. Abantu baseMerika bathanda ukuhleka usulu kwaye bavame ukumomotheka. Ukuya eU.S., kufuneka ukwazi malunga nemibandela ebalulekileyo yengqondo yabo. Ngokomzekelo, ilumkiso kufuneka lisetyenziswe apha ekujonganeni nabasetyhini kunye nabameli bamazwe amancinci. Ngoko, ukuba indoda yaseUnited States inceda umntu ongasemzini ukuba asuse iingubo okanye athinte ihlombe lakhe ngendlela enobubele, oko kungabonwa njengobundlobongela ngesondo. Enye into enomdla: AbaMerika bathanda ukugweba kwiimeko ezininzi.

Inkqubo yolawulo lwangoku lwe-USA

Intsimi yase-US ihlukaniswe ngamazwe angama-50. Kwakhona zibandakanya inani elincinane lemiqathango kunye nabakhuseli. Umbuso ngamnye unomgaqo-siseko wawo, imithetho yawo kunye namagosa olawulo.

Abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni bahlukeneyo, bahlula kwizithili. Kwaye inani labo lihluka ngokubanzi. Ngokomzekelo, eTexas izithili ezinjalo - 254, kunye naseburhulumenteni baseDelaware - kuphela ezintathu.

Eyona nkulu (ngenani labemi) i-US ithi iTexas, eCalifornia naseFlorida. Kwimeko encinci yelizwe - i-Wyoming - kukho abantu abayi-580 kuphela.

Ezili-15 ezithandekayo malunga nabantu base-US kunye namaMelika

• Ngexesha lokudakumba okukhulu, abahlali base-US bafudukela kwi-USSR.
• Yonke imisebenzi yesibhozo yaseMelika okanye eyake yasebenza kwinqanawa yokudlela yaseMcDonald.
• I-40% yabantwana base-US bazalwa ngaphandle komtshato.
• Imithetho e-US ayikuthinteli abantu abancinci ekuthengeni i-cigarettes.
• Kuze kube ngo-1836, ilizwe lalingavunyelwe ukubhiyozela iKrisimesi.
• Umyinge waseMerika ngokulangazela kwaye kakhulu kakhulu udla iibhanana kunye necolethi.
• Ingxenye yesihlanu yeerhafu zabemi baseMerika baya kwiimpi zase-United States.
• Inkqubo yokuchaswa ngokungabonakali kubemi babo abemi iqhutywe kakhulu kweli lizwe.
• E-US, akusiko isiko lokunikezela kwezithuthi zikawonkewonke.
• Abantu baseMerika baxakeke kakhulu ngenxa ye-chill, kodwa ii-chips ziyadliwa njengento yokuhlobisa.
• Abantu baseMerika ngokubanzi abanamdla kwizinto ezenzeka ngaphandle kwelizwe labo.
• E-United States, ayithathwa njengento ehlazo ukuba isebenze njengabasebenzi benkonzo (umncedisi, umgcini we-janitor, ucocekileyo, njl.).
• I-Hip-hop, i-jazz, i-rock'n'roll kunye nezinye izikhokelo zomculo zaqulunqwa ngabantu baseMerika.
• Abantu baseMelika abayithandi abantu abangaqhelekanga okanye abasetratweni.
• Inani labantu base-US liyinkokheli yehlabathi ekusebenziseni amayeza.

Isiphelo

NgoJulayi 4, 1776 kwimephu yezopolitiko yehlabathi kwavela umbuso omtsha-e-United States of America. Ubemi beli lizwe namhlanje malunga nabantu abayizigidi ezingama-325. Apha amelwa amaqela ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo kunye nabantu, abaye bazisa amasiko abo, izithethe kunye namasiko kwiinkcubeko zase-United States.