Ifayibha eziphathekayo: oko kukuthi, ukwakheka, umgangatho, isicelo

Wonke umntu uye weva ilizwi "ifayibha eziphathekayo". Yintoni na, akuyi kukunceda kodwa ube nomdla. Le nto imele uhlobo ingakumbi ngamandla eziphathekayo, nto leyo ngakumbi kule ndawo yonke yi-metal kugunyaziso kunye imicu netyhidiweyo. Laba kuthiwa fiberglass.

Yintoni na ifayibha eziphathekayo

Ukuba unomdla umbuzo wokuba yintoni na ifayibha, kufuneka uwazi yintoni. Ngoko ke, lo ezahlukeneyo izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa ifayibha-ngakumbi ikhonkrithi, ezizezi:

• steel wire;
• imicu ezinepolypropylene;
• polyamide;
• asbestos;
• carbon fiber;
• ipholiyesta;
• viscose;
• polyethylene;
• abangelwe;
• carbon;
• acrylic;
• fiberglass;
• nylon kunye cotton vulu.

Avamise kakhulu kuba ifayibha sentsimbi, oko ezivelileyo namacandelo ucingo, netoti eyahlukileyo kuleyo 0.1 ukuya kwi-0.5 mm, ngoxa ubude inokuba kulingana isiphelo cm-1 ukuya ku-5. Glass naye yinto exhaphakileyo, kuba sineempawu ezintle technical .

Abangelwe kunye carbon ifayibha zibiza kakhulu, ngoko azisetyenziswa njalo rhoqo. Fiber eziphathekayo, oko kukuthi, ufanele wazi ukuba uceba ukusebenzisa oko kusakhiwa, ukuba ziveliswe kongezwe viscose, nenayiloni okanye cotton imisonto, ezo ugalelwe ngocingo. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zemveliso kwaye ivumela ukuba bafumane izinto kunye iipropati ezahlukeneyo.

ezingundoqo

ikhonkrithi ezinezikhondo uneempawu eziliqela lokwahlula, kufuneka mayahlulwe phakathi kwabo:

• eliphezulu uqine kunye zobude;
• yemozulu nemithi himicheskimveschestvam;
• akukho shrinkage;
• ukumelana amanzi;
• ductility eliphezulu;
• nefuthe ukumelana;
• ukumelana lingonakali;
• ukumelana ngokuhlaziya;
• pozharoprochnost;
• umbethe;
• modulus ngaphezulu.

Xa ujonge i cross-yecandelo ifayibha eziphathekayo, kuya kuba isakhiwo yohlobo olunye leyo luphokoke yonke Ebubanzini imicu ezingcakacileyo kwi kumacala ahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ifayibha esetyenzisiweyo iya kwahluka iimpawu eziphathekayo kunye nohlobo ukungcola.

Iimpawu eziphathekayo ifayibha-lwesamente ngokuvumelana fiberglass

Ifayibha eziphathekayo, ukuba kufuneka yaziwe omnye abanezakhono kwishishini lokwakha, kuyinto material ogama iipropati ingohluka ngokuxhomekeke kumgangatho fiberglass. Umzekelo, ifayibha intsimbi adla ngokusetyenziswa ukwenziwa eziphathekayo, inika umbandela nokonyuka eqine amandla iinyembezi.

Loo nto akayeki, ezingaqukwanga iintanda ukusetyenziswa kwaye ixesha elide. izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo zingahlukaniswa ukumelana kukuwohloka namandla. Ukuba ufaka Imicu zentsimbi ukuya eziphathekayo, izinto ezibonakalayo manzi, abandayo-ukumelana nobushushu ezingatshiyo. Ukuba oyifunayo, impahla kunye modulus eliphezulu luthambe yeglasi ifayibha kufuneka ongezwe. Eziphathekayo ajike iplastiki, kodwa iiglasi ezi ezingazinzanga an obrak medium.

Eziphathekayo buzane ngakumbi Iipholima ukuphucula uzinzo eekhemikhali eziphathekayo. Kuba izithako kwinkqubo yokuvelisa adityaniswe yokuhlanganisa kwealkali. Ukulungiselela le njongo isisombululo iyasetyenziswa, isamente aluminous esekelwe. Le nkcazelo iya kuba nokumelana ophezulu nempembelelo, ukumelana amanzi, ukumelana ubushushu kunye nokumelana lingonakali.

Fiber eziphathekayo, oko umdla kwinkosi abasaqalayo nganye, kuyinto material apho kwimicu asbestos zingongezelelwa. Ngenxa yoko, kunokwenzeka ukuba afumane izinto ezomeleleyo, ukumelana ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye ialakalin ebonakala iyahlala eliphezulu. Amanqaku kunye ifayibha-ebizwa asbestos-isamente enjalo. Ukuba sithetha isithuthi ngohlobo ifayibha abangelwe, phambi eziphathekayo kuni amandla aphezulu.

Kwezinye iimeko, sebenzisa polyethylene, ezinepolypropylene kunye nezinye imicu zokwenziwa. Bona bayakwazi ukulobola iimpawu eziphathekayo ngokodidi olunamandla ophezulu, ukumelana imichiza, ukuxhathisa ubushushu kakhulu. ikhonkrithi ezinezikhondo akuthethi ukuqhuba umbane. Olu hlobo ifayibha kunciphisa ubunzima izakhiwo, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo ezithile zomsebenzi.

isicelo

Fiber ikhonkrithi, ukusetyenziswa apho sele kuyinto eqhelekileyo, esetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi zokwakha kunye noshishino. Oku kuqinisekisa izinto yokusebenza eliphezulu. Ngoncedo koyilo zenziwa, ekufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno engqongqo ubunzima. Lo isenokuba ukwakhiwa ukusetyenziswa emakhaya nakumashishini.

Steel ifayibha eziphathekayo, umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukwenza iziseko, sleepers, iziqwengana unxweme-ukhuselo, ube kunye kwo. izinto Active lisetyenziswa ekuzalweni okutsha ngayo imigudu kanye nokwadala mveliso. Xa sifakela izithako ifayibha ngentsimbi, impahla ekugqibeleni kusetyenziswa izixhobo imicu lokutyala-andize kunye nokwakhiwa kunye kungekabekwa egangathiweyo wendlela. Stalefibrobetona esebenzayo kwakhona ukutyabeka eliphezulu-amandla. Yena uya imveliso ubuqhophololo kunye iithayile.

indawo eyongezelelweyo

Amaxesha amaninzi ezinjalo ikhonkrithi asetyenziswe ekwakheni izakhiwo eziphathekayo monolithic kunye nokwakha izakhelo. Iimpawu eziphathekayo ifayibha-luqiniswe kwimicu zentsimbi uvumele ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi isixhobo emigodini yokukhupha amanzi kunye yemingxuma imisele, amadama kunye namatanki zokucoca amanzi. Floor izinto ezinjalo ziya kuba nako ukuyinyamezela loo imithwalo eziphakamileyo, kuyimfuneko ekwakheni izakhiwo zolimo nezeefektri. GRC - an izinto sele nokuhlaziya ngokutsa panels anti-ingxolo, nto leyo zifakwa kunye koohola ezixakekileyo.

Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukuba zingangenwa usebenza kulwakhiwo kwezityalo zonyango amdaka. Ifanele izinto ukuze ekugqibeleni zokuhombisa kuba GRC aneempawu amandla nje kuphela, kodwa zokuhombisa. Kungenxa yoko le nto ungasebenzisa kunye olungaphambili umhombiso lwezakhiwo. Umphezulu kwezinto akuthethi ukufunxa ukungcola lula ukuyicoca.

ukusebenzisa GRC

Ukuba ikhonkrithi uya ziqulathe imicu iglasi ekwakhiweni, iimveliso ezenziwe kwalo zingasetyenziswa ezivelisa ezo, izitulo, iingcingo, kunye nezinye iimveliso. Abangelwe ifayibha ivumela ukwenza izakhiwo eziya kuva ngexesha ukusebenza umthwalo omkhulu. Ezenziwe ezinjalo izithako bangakwazi iziseko, iimoto, imigangatho kunye iipavumente eziphathekayo. Ngamana kulungiswe izakhiwo dam kaloliwe, amadama kunye nezinye izakhiwo.

Polypropylene ifayibha isetyenziselwa ukwenza ngesamente esetyenziswa kwimveliso ngekhonkrithi ovundileyo, izakhiwo ukukhanya kunye noyilo, kwakunye iibhloko amagwebu. Viscose kunye umqhaphu vulu ezisetyenziswa ekuveliseni tekstilbetonov amazwe.

Iindleko concrete ifayibha-lwesamente

Fiber eziphathekayo, ixabiso ogama inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke igama umbandela uba umxholo othile kwimicu nge-cubic meter. Ukuba le parameter-30%, ngoko ke ixabiso ifayibha-ngakumbi grade eziphathekayo M-150 aya kuba 3400 engange. Ukuba uphawu inyuswe ukuya M-200, kokunyuka kwamaxabiso engange ukuya ku 3600. Kuba M-250 kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule 3.700 engange, ngoxa e-M-300 -. 3800 engange. Ifayibha grade eziphathekayo M-350 iye malunga 3900 engange.

Ezinye iinkampani ngoku umnikelo ifayibha eziphathekayo ofakwe ezahlukeneyo ukuba uyakwazi ukufumana eyakho okanye uthathe uncedo yeengcali kulo mbandela. Ekugqibeleni ukuphatha ukufumana izinto, nto leyo, umzekelo, kuya kuba aphezulu amandla nempembelelo, ukumelana amanzi, amandla eqine uchebe.

Ixabiso concrete ifayibha-lwesamente kufuneka ukuba kubangela inkxalabo. It ezantsi ukuze ngezizathu ukuba ubugcisa bemveliso ayikho entsonkothileyo ngokugqithiseleyo. Kuba lemveliso oko kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuxuba nesamente, isanti, amanzi, aggregate uhlobo ilitye irhabaxa batyumke. izithako olongezelelweyo kuya kubakho isixa esithile okuzenzela saa, ezo zibizwa ngokuba ifayibha.

Izimilo ezinye iintlobo fiberglass

Ukukhetha enye okanye omnye ifayibha ukulungiselela ukwenziwa eziphathekayo, ufumana izinto kunye neempawu ezithile. Umzekelo, ifayibha ezinepolypropylene onokuxinana leyo ilingana no 0.9 g / cm ^3. Le modulus of luthambe isusela ukususela 3500 ukuya 8000 MPA. uqine ezisukela 400 ukuya 700 MPA. Malunga zobude ngexesha lekhefu, oko isusela ukususela-10 ukuya kwi-25%.

Abangelwe ifayibha onokuxinana ephakamileyo iyahluka ukusuka 2.6 ukuya 2.7 g / cm ^3. Le modulus of luthambe ukusukela kuma-7000 ukuya 11000 MPA, uqine isusela ukususela 1600 ukuya 3200 MPA. Malunga zobude ngexesha lekhefu, loo iyahluka ukusuka 1.4 ukuya 3.6%. ifayibha Steel ukuba i mninzi eliphezulu, nto leyo 7.8 g / cm ^3. Modulus kunye uqine ziyahluka ukusuka 190.000 ukuya 210.000, kwaye ukusuka 600 ukuya 3150 MPA, ngokulandelelana. Zobude kwi lekhefu ilingana no-3 okanye ezi-4%.

Yintoni enye kwandisa ifayibha iimpawu eziphathekayo, ekugqibeleni zinezibonelelo ebalulekileyo kuthelekiswa eziphathekayo oluqhelekileyo. Ifayibha ikhonkrithi le ubunzima ukukhanya namandla eliphezulu compressive, kodwa nokumelana eliphezulu iqabaka, kwakunye ubomi inkonzo elide, nto leyo amaxesha 20 kuphela.

Iimveliso concrete Umthambo-lwesamente: panel

Iimveliso ezenziwe concrete ifayibha-lwesamente isetyenziswa yonke indawo namhlanje. Phakathi kwabo simele bonisa iipanele leyo inkulu format isakhiwo obhityileyo luqiniswe ngeglasi ifayibha lonke ubukhulu. Bona zisetyenziselwa ngathi kunye yokufeza ingaphakathi. panel concrete Umthambo-lwesamente ukudibanisa amandla, retardancy idangatye, moldability, ubunzima ukukhanya kunye nenkangeleko yokwenene. panel concrete ifayibha-lwesamente enokufakwa phantsi kodidi ibe:

• olungaphambili;
• panel eziphathekayo;
• baba eziphathekayo;
• 3D-ifayibha eziphathekayo;
• yasendlini;
• Iifom yezakhiwo amancinci ;
• emise izinto eziphathekayo ;
• nezwe panel eziphathekayo.

iimpawu ezongezelelweyo panels

panel concrete Umthambo-lwesamente abe ubungakanani enkulu kunye nejiyometri tyaba, leyo kunokuzuzwa ngenxa umjikelo-imveliso ezine. Le ndlela iquka kokuxova ikhonkrithi olifunayo umbala ulingano iifomu zihlanu fiberglass. Ababini kubo zayinxalenye womnatha, lo gama abanye abathathu ibekwe ngendlela bahlupheke. Emva ngomjikelo ngamnye weentsuku-28, umbandela ukuqinisa unyango umphezulu ekubhalwe anika iiphaneli repellency amanzi.

isiphelo

Yintoni ifayibha, sele uyazi. Kuyinto izinto ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa concrete ifayibha-lwesamente. Yena, ke, ingasetyenziswa ukulungiselela ukwenziwa fibropaneley eziphathekayo ukuba ukhuseleko umlilo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi mveliso sele kudlule iimvavanyo umlilo ungakwazi ukunyamezela amaqondo ukuya ku 350 ° C. Uyakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa ifayibha ikhonkrithi kwi sakhiwo, kuba unawo onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kummandla Russia.