Iinyani ezinika umdla malunga China. Imbali China. Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu malunga China

inkcubeko Asia ebesoloko abantu abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Nelaye lasisiseko senkcubeko, eli khona zeenkolo zehlabathi, iparadesi zakwantu - konke oku kuthethwa naliphi na ilizwe kule yinxalenye yehlabathi. Ngokukodwa malunga China. Kuye kwenziwa izinto ezifunyaniswe ezininzi, ngaphandle apho ihlabathi mihla kungaba yahluke kakhulu. Apha, wonke inebhongo inkcubeko kunye nembali. Uninzi amakhosi ezinkulu, iimfazwe noqhankqalazo, le meko enamandla wakwazi ukoyisa zonke iingxaki kwaye ukuthatha enye yeendawo eziphambili kwi imeko owayephila ngamazwe. Kuphela eyona nto inomdla kakhulu malunga China, amasiko, inkcubeko kunye nabantu beli lizwe - ukuqhubeka wenqaku.

ulwimi

YaseTshayina zizakubalulwa elintsonkothe. Kubani wolunye uhlanga ufuna nayiphi na indlela ukuthetha ngokucacileyo kulo, ukuba ibe ngaphezu konyaka lomsebenzi onzima. Nazi iimpawu olu lwimi ibonakala umdla baseYurophu:

• Ulwimi Russian yi amazwi afanayo "puzzle Chinese", kwaye abanye baye nokulingana. Umzekelo, IsiNgesi kuvakala ngathi 'Kuyinto Greek kum'. Eka van'wana, yinto eyahlukileyo. ibinzana German ibhekisa nobunzima iSpanish, isiRomania - Turkish and Chinese lula xa usithelekisa imvelaphi ukushukumisa ulwimi intaka.
• Phakathi abahlali yaseTshayina Vietnamese abantu abaninzi kangaka abo pitch ogqibeleleyo. Yintoni na isizathu? Eyona nto kukuba ezimbini ezi lulwimi lwezandi, nto leyo ethetha ukuba lo gama usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela athi ngayo. Njengoko Vietnamese and Chinese zisetyenziswa kuyo ukususela ebuntwaneni, ngoko ukuva ukuba aphuhliswe kakuhle.
• Igama lwemali of China "RMB" lithetha "ngqekembe round". Elihambisana ingqikelelo umlinganiswa 'owahamba "in Japanese yaseKorea yaye, apho igama ngemali kwatshintsha kwi" Won' yaye 'yen', ngokulandelelana kwazo.
• Yintoni umdla China bamanye amazwe, ngoko ke iyantlukwano zenkcubeko yabo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1928, xa kakuhle waziwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, "Coca-Cola" gqi kwimarike Chinese, abanye oosomashishini baye bagqiba ukuguqulela igama othululwayo. Ukusebenzisa le abalinganiswa abo okuhlaba khulu "Coca-Cola", belibele anyamekele ukuguqulelwa ingqiqo. Isiphumo sisibizo kwi Russian anokuguqulelwa ngokuthi "nomntana tadpole amafutha." Rebranding, Kakade ke, mihle, kodwa lezentengiso baye bagqiba kwelokuba lungisa igama waliguqula nje ukuba "co-ku-ko-le," elithetha "umlomo ngokupheleleyo ulonwabo."

yokupheka

Nangona lonke Europe odla zokutya njengesiqhelo, amaTshayina ahlale ethembekile namasiko alo, uqhubeke ukusebenzisa izinti. Njengoko Ubuninzi babantu apha idlula yonke imida kunokwenzeka, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuziqhelanisa, besebenzisa zonke iimveliso kunokwenzeka kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ngamanye amaxesha mangaza abakhenkethi. Ngoko ke, ezimbalwa iinyani ezinika umdla malunga China kunye nokukhethwa zakwantu abantu abangaphakathi yayo;

• Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba abenzi cookies, abaninzi bayazi njengoko Chinese, enyanisweni, i yaseJapan! Eyona ethandwayo i-US, apho wayemise khona ezize nabafuduki waseJapan, ngokuboleka ingcamango ezindlwini zabo. Ukungaqondi malunga cookies kuvela, mhlawumbi ebudeni Second World War, xa Japanese Amerika bazibona kwiinkampu zoxinaniso yaye wamnika isithethe yakhe Chinese.
• Abahlali lwento of China akukho ezahlukeneyo. Ukutya apha enako ukukhanyisa phantse nantoni na. Noko ke, loo nto ayenzi ngaphandle izithethe ezithile kakhulu. Isixeko Dunja, umzekelo, kukho isiko - upheka amaqanda kwi umchamo yamakhwenkwe aselula. Isitya, ngoko engaqhelekanga ukuba buxhanyulwe ngamazwe aseNtshona, kunokuqulunqwa ukuya imini, kwaye, kuthiwa abahlali ivumba emthonjeni.
• Ekuphekeni kweli lizwe sele ifikelele kunye neengwenya. ayikho kuphela ingxowa kuyo, ngoko ke nangoku ukuba bagcine indlu, uze udle. Ekubeni gourmets zendawo ukuthanda inyama kwena, ukuba bamatasa kwi ezirhubuluzayo wokubambisa. Ekubeni yingwenya lokubambisa enkulu akukho lula ukubamba kwabo kakhulu abaselula ezityetyisiweyo, bendibalondolozele emnyango endlwini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isilwanyana ngenene ngunogada. Nxi buhlungu ye-egadile akuthethi soyike lwengwenya, yaye xa ifikelela ubude zinqwenelekayo umsila, uba isidlo zezitya Chinese.
• Isuphu "Nest imginye kaThixo", nangona igama layo, akunanto yakwenza ezi ntaka abanayo. Kwaye bakwenza oko ngenxa iintaka, kwaye usebenzise kwindlwane ye akha, nto leyo yenziwa ngamathe.

A isuntswana ongemhle

Ethetha iinyani ezinika umdla malunga eTshayina, singasathethi ke nesihlobo abemi belo lizwe Asia ekufeni kunye neenkolelo ngokugqithiseleyo.

• Njengoko kumazwe amaninzi kucingwa inani unelishwa-13, yaye kukho nkqu igama boyike, njengokuba kwamanye amazwe asempuma soyika amanani 4. Kutheni? Kanye kule yaseJapan, Korean kunye Chinese nenombolo 4 isandi ifuze elithi "ukufa." Kukho kudla ningaswele nkqu imigangatho, apho amanani eziphela ngo-4.
• E China, kukho isiko ukutshisa imali iphepha epeyintwe emngcwabeni. Apho na iingcambu zawo? Eyona nto kukuba amaTshayina bona emva kokufa njengendawo apho kuhlala imimoya. Kanye esihogweni, abafileyo kufuneka ukunyoba kuye kwirhuluneli, ukuphepha isohlwayo. Ngoko ke, abantu abeza komngcwabo, wayitshisa itsalelwa amanqaku "kukudlulisela 'ukuba umoya womfi. Ngokufuthi achazwa abalinganiswa zemveli, efana ligongqongqo. Nangona kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yaye ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana imifanekiso abantu abaziwayo. Kudla kukho Marilyn Monroe kunye Einstein.

Ngokufutshane malunga China. olunika umdla for kids

• Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba impucuko Chinese - endala ehlabathini. Kufanele kube njalo! Kukho zesikhumbuzo enkcubeko asusela BC ngenkulungwane yesi-6. e.
• Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ummandla le karhulumente likhulu, kuba ummandla ixesha elinye kuphela.
• Kulapha iphepha encane lwasungulwa 1300. Noko ke, ekuqaleni wavunyelwa ukuba usebenzise kuphela amalungu asebukhosini.
• China likhaya iphepha encane nje kuphela, kodwa iintlobo ezininzi zeziqhamo neentyatyambo, leyo namhlanje, lwavakala kulo lonke ihlabathi.
• Njalo nje eRashiya izilwanyana iikati nezinja eTshayina, le ndima lwenziwa yi iinyenzane. Abantwana baze bahlele ukulwa ezi zinambuzane.
• Ukubalisa iinyani ezinika umdla malunga China, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba esizonwabisa ngayo esiyithanda kakhulu phakathi Chinese - it philately.
• Uyalila apha kucingwa ukuba mhlophe, hayi abamnyama kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu.
• China ongowokudunyiswa, nangenxa kokusungulwa ice cream, iresiphi leyo beza eYurophu kunye ngoncedo Marco Polo.
• Iibhulorho Ukurhoxiswa, efana nabanye abaninzi, kuquka ikhampasi, ushicilelo wompu, kakhulu, weza evela kwilizwe Asia. Noko ke, apha kokuvela 25 BC. e., njengoko babenjalo eYurophu kwiminyaka 1,800 kamva.
• Uphawu ukuchuma ithamsanqa kweli lizwe - a bat.
• Kakade ke, singasathethi ke umthendeleko ibalulekileyo, nto leyo apha uNyaka oMtsha.

Imbali China. abanye umdla

iziganeko umdla yenzeka ngexesha lokusekwa karhulumente. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le nto ngokuqinisekileyo ezweni elichumayo, kodwa yintoni ephawulekayo okwenzeke endleleni nokubunjwa kwayo?

• Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali ye China, nto leyo ezinefuthe elibi kuwo, yaba kunokuxhwilwa izinambuzane! Lo mlawuli Justinian yaseByzantium Ndathumela iimonki ezimbini kwafuneka afunde imfihlelo yokudala isilika, waduma ngenxa China kwinkulungwane-6. Bakwazi ukuba bathabathe nabo silkworm Imibungu, ngoko lawela ngempumelelo kwi nemithi yemibhaka. Esi siganeko negalelo ukuchuma Byzantium, kodwa China namaPersi sikhundla, ngokuchaseneyo, ezingenakuzanyazanyiswa.
• Imbali yakutshanje of China, kakhulu, lizele izibakala ezingaqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, enye indoda engaziwayo Chinese ivele kuluhlu uninzi lwabantu abanempembelelo zenkulungwane yama-20, ngubani iTime. Ngowe-1989 e Beijing, kwabakho umboniso, yabulala abantu amakhulu eziliqela. Kwakuza kufa okuninzi ukuba ebengenguye umenzi iqhawe, abakwaziyo ukubamba umhlathi wabo kwiitanki. Ngelishwa, ubuntu bakhe, Noko ke, njengoko oko kwaba ngenxa kuye ngaloo mini, lona luhlala yimfihlo, nangona umfanekiso wakhe eshicilelweyo amaphephandaba ehlabathini lonke.

China yenye ephucuke ezindala emhlabeni, nto leyo eye gidi zeminyaka, kungekho ngaphantsi kwe-5. Kukho imithombo bade kubhaliwe kwathiwa, kwiminyaka leyo efikelela kwiminyaka million 3.5. Abembi bezinto zakudala bakholelwa ukuba iminyanya Chinese namhlanje synanthropes, owayephila malunga 400 namawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Impucuko lokuqala Chinese

Uphuhliso China kweli xesha Neolithic yahlulwe ngezigaba ezibini eziphambili. Eyokuqala siqulathe Yangshao inkcubeko (3-2 amawaka. BC. E.) ubukho kabani kuqinisekiswa yi ukufunyanwa ngodongwe. Okwesibini - Longshan - apho ubani angabona izitya ezininzi umsebenzi omhle kakhulu.

kwakuphela

Eminyaka eyadlulayo kwi kummandla China mihla uvele ubukhosi. I yokuqala yezi xia, umseki kwawo Yu. Center ubukhosi waba kwiPhondo Henan, nangona kukholelwa ukuba impembelelo yakhe zandiselwe kwezinye iingingqi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amandla abalawuli lancipha, kwanamandla kakumkani laqalisa ukusebenzisa kuphela ukhokelo lokomoya. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu ngexesha xia Dynasty ikhalenda ukudlala loo nkulungwane kamva, yahlaselwa Confucius. Kamsinya nje abalawuli baqalisa sityeshele imisebenzi yabo yokomoya, ubukhosi waya ukwehla. Noko ke, yena wazalwa ngendlela entsha.

ilizwe Modern China lwasekwa kwaye uphantsi kweempembelelo Shang ubukhosi, equka busi-30. It sifake totemism kunye nohlobo matriarchal amandla. Kwakuphawuleka yayigqalwa isithixokazi zomhlaba kunokuba kuthixo esibhakabhakeni. indawo uMbuso ibekwe phezu inxalenye enkulu nakwelaseTshayina kule mihla, kwaye yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo. Ummeli we ngamnye kubo bekumele ukuba avele umane ebhotweni umlawuli kunye nezipho ukuze imbeko kuye.

Emva koko ke ubukhosi Zhou neyabhukuqa abalawuli Shang. Kamva, kwaye urhulumente elise kwintsimi phantse lonke Yellow River isitya yahlulwa kwinani abanye njalo bekhuphisana nabanye.

umbuso Chinese

Kweli thuba ukusuka 221 ukuya 207 BC. e. Kwathi ke amandla, i qin Dynasty, nelawula ukuhlanganisa iindawo saa zibe yinto enye. Eli lithuba elihle kakhulu kuyo yonke indawo karhulumente namhlanje China. Eyona nto umdla eyenzekayo kule nkqubo kunye nophuhliso bukhosi. yatshatyalaliswa Inkqubo feudal, kunye nezothutho, phezu koko, kuphuhliswa. Ngeli xesha, kuphuhliswa uqoqosho, urhwebo kunye nemveliso yezolimo. Noko ohlanga lweminyaka-10 kuphela, wafa, kunye nomlawuli zabo, emva kokuba urhulumente waqalisa ezibengezelayo imvukelo ikrakra.

Kuye kwafakwa i-Han Dynasty, leyo kumakishwa ngeentlekele neemfazwe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ookumkani ekunene kwaye abantu iye yaphinda yathandwa ubuConfucius. Kodwa kamva weza ngamandla Sui Dynasty, apho wawusakhiwa Grand Canal. Noko ke, iimfazwe rhoqo kunye feuds angabamelwane amaphondo likanondyebo elibharhileyo.

Ukuqwalasela i iinyani ezinika umdla malunga China, asinakukwazi kukuxelela ntoni na Tang Dynasty, leyo wakwazi ukuseka uxolo nozinzo kweli lizwe. Ngeli xesha, ezizodwa kwatyatyamba inkcubeko kunye nobugcisa. Oku banakekela ezininzi wakubaphathi ubukhosi. Yaba karhulumente enamandla, nto leyo eli asahlumayo kuphela ubugcisa, kodwa inzululwazi nonqulo. Nangona kunjalo, abaphathi nako ukuthatha unonophelo yomkhosi yaye kungekudala ngenxa yokuvukela rhoqo yanqoba yaka. A Inani amakhosi e ngamandla kwintsimi, kuquka Yuan, Ming kunye Qing.

imbali yanamhlanje

Ixesha ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso uhulumeni ngenkulungwane ye-18, ingakumbi xa kuphuhliswa ubudlelane bezizwe ngezizwe, yaye baseYurophu abaninzi umdla ukwazi eTshayina, namasiko alo kunye nabantu, ngoba yiyo into apho ukuthenga isilika ilungileyo, imveliso kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Emva kwethutyana kukho imfazwe eJapan, nto leyo ilahlekileyo China Taiwan, Korea kunye Pescadores. Qing ubukhosi Last zawa ngowe-1911, yaye emva konyaka urhulumente yaba republic siseko. Kamva, Beijing wabhengeza ikomkhulu eli lizwe.

Ngowe-1917, China ungena leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, efuna kubuyisela amazwe ezithathwe ngu-Japan. Kodwa inkxaso evela kumazwe encedisayo, yena akafuni ukufumana. Emva koko "kwi babamb 'yombuso oko Communist Party kunye enye yeenkokeli zayo wakhetha Mao Tszedun, enye yeenkokheli ubalaseleyo lonke ixesha, benza kakhulu utshintsho sikarhulumente. Dissociation eli lizwe bezama ukuphelisa uthotho wezilawuli, kodwa watsho phantsi. Ukususela ngoko, China iye yaluphumelela civil kunye kwiMfazwe yaseKorea, xa urhulumente kubekho iinguqu ezininzi, kunye noqoqosho ibuyiselwe.

iziphumo

Nelaye lasisiseko senkcubeko - siyafuna China. olunika umdla abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, kwakunye kuphambuko emfutshane, ayeba ngasentla, unike kuphela ive nje amarhe yendlela enkulu ibe nempembelelo leNtetho kaMongameli engoBume waba lonke ihlabathi kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye iyaqhubeka kude kube ngoku. Oku nje wenze okuninzi obafunyanwa luncedo azalwa unqulo, yimpucuko engakholelekiyo nezithethe aphila iinkulungwane. iindawo umdla eTshayina, apho edumileyo - oko Wall, nyaka ngamnye umdla kubakhenkethi abaninzi ngenxa yesizathu esibalulekileyo. Abantu basoloko esifubeni impucuko twisisaka, amandulo omkhulu. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga China i kuphela nhla emnyango, emva nto ifihlakeleyo ihlabathi eyahlukileyo kwi-European, kodwa loo enomtsalane ezele iimfihlelo.