Icebreaker "uLenin" - nqanawa yokuqala zenyukliya-enikwe ehlabathini

Xa ngo-1959 ulwakhiwo icebreaker lokuqala zenyukliya-enikwe yagqitywa eSoviet Union ehlabathini lonke, yonke cinezela langaphandle waqalisa ukubhala ngale mpumelelo inkulu yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe zezazinzulu Soviet. Le nqanawa ke igama emva kokuba inkokeli yokuqala yiSoviet ye revolution. Icebreaker "uLenin" yaba isiqalo sexesha elitsha lwamandla atom ukulungiselela iinjongo uxolo.

Imbali Ukwakhiwa wenqanawa enyukliya-kunikwe yokuqala

Ngowe-1953, xa i-Party Congress e Moscow, kwagqitywa ukuqala ukwakhiwa iklasi entsha ice yokhukuliseko, eya kuba amandla enyukliya isityalo. Uphuhliso ngwenya yenyukliya wayalela izazinzulu evela Central Design Bureau-15 (ngoku ekuthiwa CDB "Iceberg"). Iminyaka emibini, ukususela ngowe-1953 ukuya 1955, waba inani le projekthi 92 (igama ikhowudi ye ngwenya zenyukliya). Emva koko, ekwindla ka-1953 iBhunga labaPhathiswa waseUSSR, kwagqitywa ekubeni igama elitsha le nqanawa. Icebreaker "uLenin" - loo nto yaba indlela ngowokuqala ukubizwa ngokuba icebreaker emhlabeni. Indawo glavkonstruktora siphathiswe Vasily Ivanovich Neganova. I liqu "Prometheus" ukuba icebreakers baqala ukuphuhlisa cabinet ngentsimbi okhethekileyo. Xa ekupheleni kuka-1955 yoyilo kwagqitywa, ulwakhiwo inqanawa wagqiba ekubeni abeke phezu odumileyo Leningrad zalapho. A.Marti nomakhi engundoqo amisiweyo V. Chernyakova. Nakuba kunjalo, iinkcukacha ezininzi icebreaker ilungiswe mveliso ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe. Umzekelo, turbines baselwandle yenziwe mveliso isixeko umbane Kirova - Ukraine, i eKharkov electromechanical izityalo kunye ikama Motors - kwi "amandla zombane" (iLeningrad), njl Ngamafutshane, wakha ilizwe lonke. NgoDisemba 1957, lo icebreaker lokuqala zenyukliya-enikwe "uLenin" yaphehlelelwa phezu kwamanzi Neva. Yaba ithoyilethi-emkhombeni iimasti amabini kunye aft platform kokwehla. Waba imida zilandelayo: ububanzi (ubuninzi) - 27.6 m, ibhodi ukuphakama - 16.1 m, ubude (ubuninzi) - 134 mitha, ukuhamba wenqanawa - 17810 tonnes umthamo ufakelo eziphambili - 44.000 enjini, santya ubuninzi inkqubela h .. - 19.6 amaqhina.

Iimvavanyo zokuqala

Kwathatha enye iinyanga 22. NgoSeptemba 1959, a A. zalapho izityalo Marty wangena kuqala uvavanyo isikhephe-enikwe icebreaker walo "uLenin". obenegunya yenqanawa wamiswa PA Ponomarev. Ukususela press kwaloo minyaka yaziwa ukuba kwakukho abathunywa ezininzi ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo ababekhwele. Abamenyiweyo idumileyo aba ikamva United States uMongameli Richard Nixon kunye British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. Amaphephandaba namaphephancwadi lonke ihlabathi obekwe incwadi ethi "icebreaker" uLenin ", ifoto weendwendwe abaziwayo zenyukliya-enikwe ze-yaziwa kakuhle kwi ebhodini. Emva kokuphela kwethuba trial isitya yanikwa USSR MMF. Ngowe-1960, kwaba sele e Murmansk, apho kwakufuneka aye North Pole.

Usuku Arctic ukuhlola

Icebreaker "uLenin" - nqanawa yokuqala zenyukliya-enikwe ehlabathini, liye laba uphawu lwe wokuhlola Arctic. Ngo-Agasti 1960, ekusunguleni yokukhangela wayo wokuqala Arctic. Sagcina iintsuku ezili-100, yaye umphambili wenqanawa walinda imisebenzi emininzi onoxanduva ukuba yenza like a isigebenga-umsindisi, msulwa indlela exabileyo umkhenkce kuba iinqanawa ezininzi. Kwathiwa ukuba ukhokelela convoys njengenkokeli. Kuyinto nqanawa singapheli kwaye enamandla kakhulu bezisoloko yaye ziya kusoloko ikratshi zezithuthi Russian.