Ibandla Russian ngamaplanga. Kizhi: ezikhumbuzo izakhiwo ngamaplanga Russia

ERashiya, ulwakhiwo wood kudala into engaqhelekanga, yaye kwiingingqi ihlabathi waqala apho ehlathini nobukhosi, abakhi zamandulo ziye zaphumelela eziphakamileyo engakholelekiyo ngokwenene obu buchule. Ngaba wasinda ubungqina emininzi italente yabo oluphawulekayo: ezintle, isakhiwo iyavisisana, iinkcukacha nokucacisa oqingqiweyo, ngomsonto ocoliweyo - eneneni wasebenza izembe ikakhulu neengcibi zemithi, ukuba Akujongwanga ukuba ukudala umtya ngokugqibeleleyo, nto leyo edla ihonjiswe kunye nezakhiwo zamandulo somthi.

Beach izakhiwo yeplanga

Ukuze baye basinda ingeyiyo yonke imizekelo izakhiwo ephakathi. Inani elikhulu iicawa eyenziwe ngomthi wafa emlilweni - umlilo otshisa emizini yonke, engashiyi nto. zemihla ngemihla yamandulo ukhankanye izakhiwo kwakhiwa okanye yatshatyalaliswa wamazwi eyayiphila emva AD I leminyaka. Emva kokuhlolisisa le ngxelo, sifunda ukuba ngo-1183 kutshiswa phantse yonke Vladimir (yaye kubandakanywa 32 amabandla). Xa 1369th bebonke isiphelo sinye ezehlela Pskov, ngo-1636-m - Monastery of iNgelosi.

Noko ke, isibetho izakhiwo yamaplanga i element iinkuni, nazo zonke izinto zawo nje kuphela - impahla babephila elifutshane. Endlwaneni unokuma malunga ngenkulungwane enye, izithethe (unakekelwa efanelekileyo) - 3-4.

ebunayo lemveli

Kukho izakhiwo ezithathu kuphela ezazakhiwe ngakumbi ngenkulungwane XIII-XIV (yaye ke asingabo bonke abaphandi ziyaqinisekiswa). Ngaloo ndlela, kwa kwelixesha kude kube ngenkulungwane XVI, lisukela emva endlwini oyiNgcwele Ukuvuswa kukaLazaro - encinane, wakha ibandla yamandulo ngomthi Murom monastery. Kizhi Reserve odoimennom kwi siqithi, ngo-1960 yaba yokusabela lokugqibela. kwakhona ngocoselelo phantsi zeprojekthi wezakhiwo Opolovnikova, oko kuyinxalenye kwicandelo lolondolozo lwembali eksopozitsii Russian Zaonezhye.

nezinye Riznolozhenskaya ezimbini George, ngokulandelelana aneqhayiya Cyril Belozero sigodlo kunye kummandla iLeningrad.

Uninzi ezikhumbuzo isetyenziswayo zakhiwo ngomthi wenza akukho ngenkulungwane XVIII ngaphambili, ubuncinane - XVI- XVII.

Xa lesayensi uthanda kolu hlobo lwezakhiwo, abaninzi iisampulu bakhe sincame. Afterthought, abaphandi baqonda ukuba kuyimfuneko kuqala ukulungisa oko wahlala. "Nangona kuyimfuneko kuphela bamkhwelise, umfanekiso, umzobo ... ezi shwaka zonke izinto konyaka nanto," - wabhala imi- 20-lo mhlalutyi edumileyo ubugcisa, igcisa kunye utitshala, I. academician Grabar. Waya ke futhi izithombe, eboniswe nokwenza iinzame ukugcina funneling ubuhle iliso ngokoqobo yimfama, yaye wasinda into, kodwa into - ukubuyisela amaxwebhu igcinwe.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uluntu kunye norhulumente waqonda ukuba nanto lesikhumbuzo bokwakha i icawa Russian ngamaplanga. Kizhi (omnye kwiziqithi of Lake Onega) kwaba ubungqina le ingqalelo, lwaba an open-air Museum-reserve. Namhlanje ke ubonisa iindwendwe bayo imimangaliso ezimangalisayo adalwe ukuwubamba elidlulileyo.

ubuhle Northern

izakhiwo ingakumbi nice ngamaplanga North of Russia - apha labazobi ababonisa esimangalisayo italente, ubuchule kunye ingqondo ubuhle ukuba abahambi bamangaliswa kuphela. Rhoqo kwaye ngehlombe bexoxa Kizhi, nto leyo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kuye idume kangangokuba nkqu uMlawuli Nicholas II wathenga umfanekiso kunye nomfanekiso wakhe ( "i kude emntla", igcisa - Shlutleyt).

Isimo sezulu kwezi ndawo iyingozi. Ihlobo mfutshane, ubusika frosty. Ngexesha ebandayo, ngaphandle ngehelikopta, ayikwazanga ayinakufunyanwa ngokugqitha: Kizhi - kwisiqithi wayesemva, kodwa ngaphandle kokuba? iziqwenga ezikufuphi sushi ukubonisa uphawu ezibukhali ngokulinganayo: iintshinyela luluqilima, imilambo enzulu. Nakuba kunjalo, abantu bahlala apha ixesha elide, kumawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. kanye igama siqithi livela Karelian "kizhat" (in translation - "isiqhazolo"). Abaphandi ukuxhuma le ndawo kunye imikhosi yamandulo ezenzeka apha kumaxesha adlulileyo.

reserve

Ekuqaleni-imi- 60 kwinkulungwane wokugqibela Kizhi Island (Karelia) waqalisa kuvela Reserve, elivulwe ngo-1966. Ukususela ngoko iicawa oqingqiweyo ka Kizhi siqithi laqalisa ukwanda: walondoloza izakhiwo SVEZA apha abaninzi yamaplanga kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Karelia.

Kwidolophu ekufutshane - Petrozavodsk (68 km), kodwa unokufumana ukuya nokubuya eSt Petersburg, besesikhitshaneni ekhululekile mihla (njengoko Kizhi - siqithi, unako ukufikelela kuphela ngamanzi).

I-Marina elula yamkela abo banqwenela ukuba bajoyine i ezintle. Inikezela ngelona imbono emangalisayo: phambi abahambi kulo lonke uzuko lwayo ivela yoTshintsho ibandla - mhlawumbi edume imifanekiso ezininzi emhlabeni apha icawa ngamaplanga. Kizhi ngebhongo eqhuba Ugu isebenza amalunga nesakhiwo isibhakabhaka okuqaqambileyo owuthanda abahambi ubuhle bayo ezizodwa.

Amabali kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla wesiqithi

Ngokutsho legend mnye, umchweli elikrelekrele Nestor wazigawula phantsi izembe, emva kokwakhiwa waphosa kakhulu elwandle, khon 'ukuze kungabikho namnye unako ukuphinda umsebenzi wakhe. Akukho ndlela, esi sixhobo waba magic - isakhiwo ngomthi okumangalisayo elungileyo.

umsebenzi obalaseleyo yamandulo Russian lwezakhiwo, Church of the Kumbi e Kizhi yakhiwa ngo-1714. Namhlanje yinto emangalisayo umsebenzi wobugcisa bobabo zesikhumbuzo ezixabisekileyo kuphela eRashiya, iUNESCO waqonda ukuba lomculo yokwakha of World Heritage Kizhi.

Ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo yenziwa rhoqo. Kuseloko lasekwayo ibandla phantse akukho (ethile yakhe mfanekiselo ke phantsi kuphela enye ikona lwesakhiwo), ngethuba umsebenzi wokulungisa kanye kangangoko kunokwenzeka wamphakamisa ngoncedo ubugcisa bale mihla.

Ibandla idumileyo wesiqithi

Building ibukeka grand imitha-37 Church aphezulu Kumbi e Kizhi eziphakamileyo ngokuzingca uphakamisa amajukujuku yayo, yimbonakalo yegolide nesilivere, wasondela caca ezulwini. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukuba ihonjiswe nentsimbi, kodwa restorers kamva babuyela imbonakalo original zetempile. Amakhuba (iipleyiti zomthi, uThixo amajukujuku ngomthi kukho enomtsalane 'enamaxolo "ukubonakala kwayo elidlulileyo) yaye, njengoko kulindelekile, eyenziwe-Aspen (nemithi yayo phantsi kwempembelelo umoya, ilanga kunye namanzi abe ukukhanya unique ubuhle).

Kumbi Church in Kizhi libhekisela ezahlukeneyo iicawa libe tiered - ubuxoki kwi intliziyo lokwakha libe ezingontsini log ebekwe phezu kwezinye. Kulo mzekelo, ezinikezwa yi prirub ezine zibheke North, South, East ne West. Abantu abaninzi ngephutha bathi ibandla kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle (Kizhi) wakha ngaphandle iinzipho. Oku kuyinyaniso kuphela log, abachweli zemveli yelo xesha. Kodwa izikhonkwane (Kakade, hayi intsimbi) olusebenzise ukwenza amajukujuku, leyo kuyo abalahlekelwanga.

Ukwakhiwa kuyanyanzeleka ukusuka umbani strike wathabatha emi kwisiza se kwicawa endala eyenziwe ngomthi - Kizhi ukuphepha iingozi zixhaphakileyo rhoqo ukusongela izakhiwo elidlulileyo. A ungumhambeli weli sakhiwo ephawulekayo niyitempile Virgin oyiNgcwele kwingingqi Vologda: ndachithelwa ezaziwa kakhulu uphahla (ibandla, ngelishwa, iye yachitheka ukuba namhlanje - ngenxa yolwaphulo-mthetho, yokungakhathali Akunakuziphendulela yena Kwakhona kutshatyalaliswa ngomlilo, kodwa sele ngo-1963).

Bambongozayo ibandla and intsimbi Tower

Ngu lomculo umngcwabo isebenza abathethelele Church: Kizhi, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, i xikombiso xa isakhiwo zonqulo yemveli elidlulileyo. Le ebusika (shushu), lwakwakhiwa itempile (ngokwe kweminye imithombo, wawubuyisela) ngo-1764, ngokubuyisela isakhiwo esihle alapho.

Kukuba ezincinane kunye nokuthozama ngakumbi ummelwane wayo omangalisayo: iimitha ezili-10 ngezantsi kwaye ithwala ezingama uphahla ezisithoba - kunazo zonke, iziko, engqongwe ngabantu ezincinane ezisibhozo.

Iitempile iimilo ezifanayo zixhaphakile kakhulu phakathi ezikhumbuzo zakhiwo ngomthi North eRashiya, kodwa iBandla kuMoses, lo lomculo Kizhi kakuhle side, imigca ezintle. Church silhouette ngandlel yezi kwaye original amajukujuku, ekhwele octagon ngamaplanga, anike lonke besakha yesandi elinomtsalane, wakwazi ukoyisa iintliziyo. Ngokwenene zobungangamela Kizhi - isiqithi apho ubuhle nje kuphela, kodwa isebenziseka.

Enye elementi yokuqamba intente (njenge uphahla) intsimbi inde. isakhiwo esekhona yakhiwa ngo-1863 endaweni izakhiwo ezidilikileyo injongo efanayo. Kamva, yena yathotyelwa iimpawu ezithile ekuhambeni etshintshe inxalenye yayo ephezulu, kwakunye nezinye izinto zokuhombisa.

Zonke izakhiwo ezintathu ngemihla yamandulo Babengqongwe kocingo ayilwe zenziwe, leyo unanamhla iye yagcinwa. Uye wabuyela kuye kamva, sithembele isithethe yasekuhlaleni ukuchwela.

island Emangalisayo

Kizhi umngcwabo, Kakade ke, ngumbindi lo mboniso, Noko ke, phezu siqithi uyakwazi ukubona ezinye izakhiwo ezimangalisayo (lezinto 89). Ngandlel 'ithile, ibandla ngalinye ngamaplanga elihle. Kizhi - indawo engcono apho ungabona oku. Owayemdala kubo, ekubhekiselwe kuwo ngasentla, yomhla we emva kwinkulungwane XIV kwaye isakhiwo elinomtsalane iimilo ezilula, nelula. Uyabahombisa itempile uThixo amajukujuku enye kuphela (ukuba akazange baqashele ukuba esi sakhiwo zonqulo, bekuya kuba yingxaki). Ukongeza iicawa, lolondolozo lwembali Izindlwana ezininzi, ezimi kwindawo iindawo ubangel ngakho, ukuba bakhulile emhlabeni apha.

ukukhalipha kwabantu kunye nohlobo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ibandla Russian amandulo ngomthi akusoloko kakuhle kakhulu kulo ezithile. Bathi ukuba iingcibi zengingqi ziye isikhokelo esisiso, wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe ngendlela yamonga "njengenyathelo entle kwaye ngokukhawuleza." I kufuneka bathi baphumelela ngokugqibeleleyo. Izakhiwo sakhiwe kwaye zinokuhonjiswa izixhobo kakhulu elula ukuba bachukumise lokwenene nzima.

Oko kuwufunale umtyelele. Zonke -ngenxa kule ndawo ayinako le ndebe ukudlula nkqu iifoto ezininzi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Kizhi iicawa yeplanga ebe idume ehlabathini lonke, kuba kwiimbombo eRashiya, nto leyo ixabisa nikubonayo ngamehlo am. Ngabalusi phantsi kwezulu uqumbile emantla, bonwabele ubungangamsha endalo, va umoya bamaxesha amandulo, leyo zigutyungelwe eso siqithi amanzi Lake Onega. Olu khenketho ayikho umdla kuphela - oko elicebisa ngayo ngokomoya. Vravdu apha kwaye uve engumzekeliso 'nxada Ages "ningachukumisi ubungqondi artists angaziwa abaye bakwazi ukwenza ubuhle umxhelo, Musa ukuyisithelisa kum, kunye nohlobo zisebenzisane.