Ezikhumbuzo bobugcisa ihlabathi neRashiya

Imbali yabantu amagqabi inzala vangama ebonakalayo obubonakalayo zaphawula adlulileyo kunye nempucuko. Kakade ke, inkcubeko ayiphelelanga zesikhumbuzo eziphathekayo. Kodwa okunye uthi malunga elidlulileyo kunye nokuqiniseka efanayo ezikhumbuzo bokwakha. Ngaphandle kwabo ke akunakwenzeka ukuba asondeze inkcubeko naliphi iqela ebalulekileyo uhlanga kwimbali yoluntu.

Ngokusebenzisa amaxesha neminyaka

Kukholelwa ukuba ngoxa banyanzelwe ukuba yonke into. ukusebenza kwayo sikwi nkqu ngezinto ezinjalo womelele zendalo, ezifana abangelwe negranite. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ekucaca ukuba entshabalalweni ezikhumbuzo bokwakha. Kodwa nabani na iqwalasela ngokwabo uluntu oluphucukileyo kusoloko ochaphazelekayo malunga nokhuseleko lwabo. Stone okwakufudula kusenzeka mandulo lukhuselwe ngononophelo, yaye ukuba kubuyiselwe njengoko kuyimfuneko. Wonke hlanga yayo lenkundla izakhiwo, kunye njengomlinganiso ethile ngokomoya. Kuyinto nje ngendlela ekhethekileyo eziqhagamshelene iiseti zamatye nemàbhula.

Architecture noKhenketho

Ukongeza yenkcubeko, imbali ngokomoya nokubaluleka ngokupheleleyo ezikhumbuzo zokwakha nazo ingqiqo ethile kakhulu kwezoqoqosho. Ukujoyina ilifa kwimbali nenkcubeko kunye ukuthatyathwa umfanekiso sizoku lwisana izakhiwo yamandulo, abantu bakulungele ukoyisa imigama emide aze achithe imali ebonakalayo imali. Le imali abakhenkethi bakhetha akuyishiyi kumazwe apho ezikhumbuzo bokwakha yamandulo luninzi.

Kukho amazwe amaninzi apho ukhenketho lelinye lawona macandelo abalulekileyo. Kukho States apho kungekho ngaphandle ubomi yezoqoqosho zokhenketho ayikho apho. Kodwa ukutsala abahambi amazwe abanomdla enje phambili yaseYurophu ezifana eItali, France okanye Spain. Ithi kakhulu kokwanele kwicandelo lezokhenketho zezo ukongeza beach ngeholide obutofotofo ezinako ukufundisa iindwendwe ukwazana kunye izinto zembali bokwakha, iifayile kusindiswa ngononophelo kwaye kakuhle kwakhona.

Le kwinkcubeko jikelele

ezikhumbuzo bobugcisa yehlabathi kuya kuthunyelwa kwi-langa kolwabelo olungalinganiyo. Kwakungayi kuba Asikokubaxa izinto ukuthi uninzi lwabo bebekelwa eYurophu kufutshane kwayo. lucky kakhulu Egypt mihla, intsimi leyo yajika ukuba ilifa bokwakha ekhethekileyo ngendlela eyothusayo ezilahlekileyo impucuko. Kodwa ke nani likhulu wezakhiwo ezikhumbuzo zembali bebekelwa kwizixeko Italy. Phezu indalo kwabo basebenza izizukulwana amagcisa ukutyhubela iinkulungwane. Ukuze othile, Kukwanjalo ke kwizixeko ezininzi ezincinci kunye enkulu yaseYurophu. Kodwa United States ngokuphathelele oku isinde kakhulu: Umda wabo akukho lula ukufumana isakhiwo zokwakha, iminyaka eya kudlula iminyaka engamakhulu amabini. Kodwa kweli lizwe, ezifana ezikhumbuzo zokwakha kwaye kaninzi ukubaxelisa, enika jonga endala ngalinye hayi kudala izakhiwo zakhiwe.

Ukukhuselwa bezenkcubeko elilifa

kwinkcubeko Global wadala kangangamawaka eminyaka lasisiseko senkcubeko yoluntu, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukucinga ngaphandle ezikhumbuzo eziphathekayo, yaye ngaphezu kwako konke ngaphandle ilifa bokwakha. ukhuseleko lwayo luxanduva lwabo bonke oorhulumente kummandla kabani yezikhumbuzo ezo ngokuyalelwa yezembali. Kwaye ezifana nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe njenge UNESCO, ojongene nale ngxaki ehlabathini lonke. Ilondoloza ngenyameko a ezikhumbuzo ingakumbi ezibalulekileyo zokwakha kwaye wenza yonke into ukuze abagcine ukulungiselela izizukulwana ezizayo.

Intsimi of Russia

Imbali lizwe lethu ngokufuthi kuchaziwe, ukuqalela Kievan Rus. Kodwa noko ngoku Federation kubekwe nezinto ezininzi ukusuka namathuba kakhulu ezikude kakhulu.

Yokuyilwa amangcwaba Russia lujolise ikakhulu kwicala yaseYurophu kuwo - iingqukuva ezimbini yimbali kunye namaziko oluntu enkulu Russia ephakathi. Xa kubakhenkethi zemihla ngemihla zibizwa imizi iGolden Ring. Phakathi kwabo, Sergiev Posad, Pereslavl, Rostov, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Kostroma, uVladimir kunye Suzdal. Kakade ke, uluhlu lweendawo zokuhlala kunye nenani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo zakhiwo yamandulo imizi Golden Ring ke ayipheleli - ezininzi kubo, kwaye Urals, eSiberia, kunye East Far.

imeko okukhulu kwentliziyo - Moscow

Kangangeenkulungwane ezingaphezu kwesibhozo enesiqingatha bobukho bayo, ikomkhulu Russian iye nayo izinto ezininzi - imililo, iimfazwe, ukuvukelwa ngokutsha. Noko ke, ngumthamo opheleleyo yelifa lenkcubeko, inani ezikhumbuzo zembali kunye izakhiwo eMoscow oqondela imizi abanayo. Xa uluhlu lwamanxuwa UNESCO Heritage World yayiquka Moscow yesicelo kunye lomculo yokwakha ka- Red Square. Inani elikhulu ezikhumbuzo zokwakha ibekwe kuso sonke isixeko kunye nangaphaya. imisebenzi Outstanding zakhiwo Russian akhiwe manors imbali amanene nezigodlo yamandulo Orthodox. Full ezikhumbuzo zokwakha unique ube yeyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kwezibonelelo zothutho nophuculo - Moscow Metro. Uninzi station lwakhe ngaphandle ubaxo encinane kunganxulunyaniswa obukhulu izakhiwo.

Saint Petersburg

capital Northern of Russia na imimiselo okhethekileyo. ekuqaleni Kuye wakhawulwa njengento ezizodwa lingakhululwanga njengayo nayiphi na ekhoyo ngelo xesha izixeko zeli lizwe. Ngokwenza isixeko unique kwaziswa la magcisa aphambili kunye nabayili bezakhiwo, ze ixesha, kwakunye ngamakhoboka amaninzi kwanyanzeleka abantu ukuba babeke ubomi babo ngokusekelwe isiseko kwikomkhulu elizayo yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kwaye esi sicwangciso ziyaqaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Petersburg zesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo eyaziwa namhlanje kulo lonke ihlabathi ephucukile. Kunzima ukutsho ukuba eMoscow obuphantsi ngangenani lazo ikomkhulu wasentla. Kodwa ukuze simazi ngokweenkcukacha zonke ilifa yokwakha aloo mzi i Neva, kunokunganeli ebomini, ngokuba kuyimfuneko ukuhlola kakhulu - ukusuka Winter Ibhotwe ukuya Peterhof, ukususela Pavlovsk kunye Tsarskoye Selo. Kwaye akukho nto ayimangalisi - Petersburg kunye ilitye yokuqala elakhiwe njengeyona lesikhumbuzo bokwakha.

Nohambo iVolga

Kodwa ukuze uzive kwelifa eliyinkcubeko yethu eRashiya, umhlobo nje ngamatye zokwakha zombini ikomkhulu yayo zembali akwanelanga. Ukuze wenze oku, iyavakala ukuba nako ukuthatha uhambo ukuphumla phantsi iVolga - ukusuka Yaroslavl ukuya Astrakhan. Endleleni eya kumkhawulela zahlukene ezinjalo kwezinye izixeko ezifana Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Saratov. Ilifa yokwakha nganye kuzo ufanelwe ingqalelo. kwagxila kuwena kakhulu kwi yesicelo yamandulo kumathambeka aphezulu iVolga e Nizhny Novgorod kunye Kazan. Ngaphandle ezinkulu izixeko kwi iVolga , kukho ngaphantsi eyaziwayo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko Russian Ngokokuhlala zephondo imbali, ezifana Reach kunye Myshkin. Kukho ezikhumbuzo bobugcisa yamandulo ayengekho ngaphantsi ukuya ezinika ezaziwayo-kakuhle umkhenkethi.