Ibala theory (belebhelisha). Good - embi. ukuziphatha kwabantu, izenzo

theory ibala Popular kwavela ngenkulungwane XX. ukuchaza kwayo bakholelwa ukuba uluntu kukho yindlela eqhelekileyo yophawulo ye kumaqela athile. Ngayo, uninzi lwabo phantsi okanye ezinye ukutenxa ukuziphatha yesiqhelo ngokubanzi ingqalelo.

Imithetho theory

Izizathu zale meko kulala iingxabano phakathi kwabantu. mbono amabala kukuba uninzi ichaza imigaqo kunye violators kwale migaqo unika ileyibhile (ibala). Abantu musa ukuthobela imithetho eyamkelekileyo yokuziphatha ingqalelo deviants (rejected).

Ephilwa Theory yaqalwa Bulelani kumsebenzi edumileyo kwezentlalo ezininzi: uEdwin Lemerta, Howard Becker kunye Kay aphumela. Bonke fanele ukuya kwisizukulwana elifanayo izazinzulu abasebenza kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX. Kwakhona igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso theory wazisa Erving Goffman. Eyona nto ephambili yale mfundiso ingcamango ukuba azikho izenzo ezimbi wendalo. Umxholo yangaphakathi alichaphazeli uvavanyo. isimo esibi kuxhomekeke kuphela loo mithetho, ezo ngokukhululekileyo uyayamkela uluntu ngokwayo.

kuphambuka primary

Xa kwabantu wavuma luvo akukho abantu "obuqhelekileyo" yaye "engaqhelekanga". Ngaphezu koko, umntu ngamnye Like yokuziphatha kuyo nayiphi na indawo ethile. Ngoko ke, akukho nabantu ezimbi. Umntu waphula imithetho yendlela, umntu uhlawula irhafu, ezinye ezigcwele e kwimidlalo yebhola ekhatywayo.

theory ibala ichonga ecaleni ekuthiwa-primary. Ngabo aba na ukunyhashwa izithethe zoluntu, nto leyo hlukana phantsi ingqalelo zokunyanzelisa umthetho ngenxa yesandi yaso yesiqhelo. Ngaphezu koko, uvavanyo amanyathelo "elungileyo", "embi" ixhomekeke iinkcukacha ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iindawo abafazi ayikho kuvumelekile ukwenza into enokwenziwa ukuze le ndoda, ngoxa kwamanye amazwe akukho zithintelo ezinjalo. Kwakhona ngokufuthi ukuziphatha etenxileyo uzimisele, ngokutsho engaguqukiyo abaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe amaninzi, abantu zigxekwa imbonakalo njengempahla kunye nomfanekiso, nangona kwenye loo yokuziphatha akuthethi esalelweyo. Le kwingongoma nganye "elungileyo", "okubi" linxibelelene kwimeko yentlalo woMntu. Kuphela yabantu abaphila yokuziphatha kufutshane kuxhomekeke ukulandela nokuba ethile yokuziphatha ukugxekwa.

kuphambuka secondary

Ukuphuma zichaze uninzi lwabantu kuquka impembelelo ebalulekileyo kuyo. Ukusabela indlela kawonke lwenzeka ukuziphatha lesibini etenxileyo. Umntu lowo wamkela ileyibhile uba abanye likhoboka leziyobisi, isaphuli-mthetho, i bum, njalo njalo. D. Le iwonga abangaphangeliyo naziphi na ezinye iimpawu ngamnye zobuntu. Abantu abaye baphila ixesha elide nje uphawu, baqale ukwakha ubomi babo bonke ezisekelwe kule isici.

theory ibala lichaza indlela eqhelekileyo abo abazifumana beliqela etenxileyo. Yonke imihla ku va ukugxeka abanye yoluntu - into uxinezeleko kakhulu. Ukususela abantu neelebhile negative nabuya abahlobo, abahlobo kunye nezihlobo. Isimo esinjalo kakhulu nazo zonke izakhono zentlalo lomntu. Yintoni umntu angenza ntoni kule meko? Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kudityaniswe kwiqela etenxileyo kunye nabantu efanayo.

Bempilo kunye nolwaphulo

ngakhanyi kakhulu ekuxhaseni siseko esebenza kwelabafileyo. Abantu abakule meko, phantse lonke babe ngamalungu eqela omkhulu, uyabachasa ngokwayo lonke uluntu.

Ngokusekelwe kulo mzekelo, abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba ukwanda setyala inxenye kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba uluntu stigmatizes abaphuli ugiba nabo crespo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye angakufumani bona entolongweni ukubuyela ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Imfundiso amabala kwi wamacala namhlanje kukho ezininzi sabaxhasi. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba umgaqo efanayo kukhokelela inkangeleko usiko zolutsha counterculture.

Ukuphila ne yokurekhoda

imisebenzi Group abantu babekwe amabala iza ngeendlela ezininzi. Ke bonke babe eqhelekileyo somanyano incentive efanayo - umnqweno ukufumana abahlobo kwi ezibuhlungu. Kunokuba kakuhle, nkqu bonwabele nenkxaso karhulumente kunye nenkonzo zentlalo iiklabhu lukhubaziwe, abadala, abantu abaphethwe ukutyeba, njalo-njalo. D.

Ezinye zezi izangqa nako ukuphuhlisa into ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, amazwe amaninzi abe kuluntu lwabo lesizwe ukuphuza Anonymous. Abazange nje ukudibanisa abantu abazama ukujongana mikhwa zabo. imiphakathi enjengaleyo zinika amalungu zabo mfundiso yonke - zokuphila amatsha ukuze ufumane ubomi bam zibuyele esiqhelweni.

Ibala e kwabantu kwakhona zenzeka qho yesizwe. Kulo mzekelo, abantu badla ndawonye kumgaqo isondele. Kwizixeko ezikhulu, kukho iindawo ezincinane likazwelonke, uninzi zabemi kuzo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi Kuhlala Kwezinye Iindawo.

"Qonda"

Amaxesha amaninzi, ibala loluntu kukhokelela yokuba ungubani ebekwe lomntu inokuba nomahluko ukusuka ungubani lokwenyaniso. Oku kukungangqineli kushiya igama elibi yomntu. Loo mntu anti-lwentlalo kulindeleka ukuxhasa ezimbini kuphela kumaqela abantu. Lokuqala - eniye ukuhlala mungu efanayo. Ngazo apha ngentla.

Kodwa kukho iqela lesibini. Oku njalo-ebizwa ngokuba "ukuqonda." Abantu abanjalo babonwa uluntu "obuqhelekileyo" abaphathe yeyakhe. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba ngaba ufuna ukuvala iilebhile kwi "abaneqhenqa". Ngokwahlukileyo koko, "uyayiqonda" libhekisela ibala yenethiwekhi novelwano. Nabo, umntu onesifo kwabo, banokuziva bekhululekile. "Qonda" akukho shame kwaye musa ukunyanzela abanye yolawulo yoluntu umgxothwa.

Qhagamshelana ne deviants

Lo mkhuba "ukuqonda" unomdla ngokukodwa Erving Goffman. Wachaza uhlobo wobuntu iinkcukacha kwincwadi yakhe, "Ibala". Ngokutsho hypothesis wakhe, ukuze ukuhamba kufutshane bangabalulekanga, umntu oqhelekileyo kufuneka zidlule wothuka kakhulu - into eyayiza kumvumela ukuba ukujonga engqongileyo iliso ibeke.

Babekwe amabala nzima ukuya kumfowunelwa nabantu komnye isangqa. Umzekelo, i "embi" umntwana, bagxothwa kwiinkampani yoontanga, kungenzeka ukuba ibe nokuthatha kuye luzama ukuseka ubuhlobo. Le yendalo yokuzikhusela ngokwasengqondweni lokusingqongileyo, kuba inxalenye bume kakhulu engentle. Ekugqibeleni umntu ngamnye koluntu uphelelwa zizwana yayo. Ngokuthe ngcembe kube nzima ukufumana abantu ulwimi olufanayo. Ngoko ke, ububele lumiselwe ngamnye kuya kufuneka ulinde ixesha uze uzame ukubonisa nokunyaniseka kwabo. Yaye kuphela emva koko uya kuba nako ukufumana trust amabala.

Thomas Sheff Ideas

Ingcamango ibala wayengomnye umsebenzi engundoqo yenzululwazi Thomas Sheff. main ithisisi kwakhe - uluntu phezu amalungu ayo useka ulawulo loluntu, izixhobo ephambili kuzo ukwayo oluchasene siphambukile nesithethe. Sheff waqhubeka Ukuhlolwa neyezingaphambili. It nebala ithiyori Becker enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu.

Ngelo xesha Sheff wafunda isenzeko of amabala ngokwembono yabo. Ngaphambi koko, wafunda lukhulu ingxaki lwesifo sengqondo kunye lenguqu zabo kwisithuba nabanye abantu. Enyanisweni, Scheff ezinxulumene ngezengqondo yokuhlalisana.

Kuphambuka residual

Xa umsebenzi Thomas Sheff ithiyori ibala yaba imfundiso kuphambuka intsalela. Umbhali babekholelwa ukuba izigulo ezininzi zengqondo - isiphumo indlela zentlalo kunye ekukhetheni umntu. Le ngxelo impikiswano - enye iinkolelo kwethiyori ezibalulekileyo zentlalo. Sheff umbono emva zokwazisela izithethe zentlalo weza.

inkcubeko Contemporary luphawulwa kukuba bonke abantu, wada lenkcubeko kufuneka babelane malunga wabadlali efanayo. Le migaqo ke ezisisigxina ukuziphatha kwabantu ebuntwaneni ngokusebenzisa imfundo. Ukuze wenze usana ukuba ukuziqhelanisa ngokwentlalo, abazali ukuyifundisa ukuba zonke izinto zengqondo kunye nemikhwa ukuba kukho imfuneko ukuze ubomi ngokupheleleyo eluntwini. "Imbi," umntwana angala ukuqaphela ezi ezibalulekileyo, ngoko ujika ube ngaphandle kwesangqa ngoontanga zonxibelelwano. Kanye lo mgaqo usebenza abadala.

Nature ezinxaxhileyo

Ezincwadini zakhe kunye namanqaku Sheff wabonisa ukuba isifo sengqondo - kuyinto nje kubonisa kwisenzo ukhetho lwamaxabiso. Namhlanje, lo mbono uye ezininzi iintshaba. Sheff zange ayamkele into yokuba impilo yengqondo ngokwenene emzimbeni. Oko kukuthi "ezingaqhelekanga," - ukhetho abazi, njengoko ngumkhwa ukubingelela abantu eziqhelekileyo.

UMdali kwengcamango livakale ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ukubaluleka yokuntlokothiswa loluntu iimvakalelo zabantu. Umzekelo, abantwana ezijongene rhoqo yokungafani ngezinto abafuna noko kokuba uvunyelwe kwaye akuvumelekanga. indlela yokubonisa ukungoneliseki kwabo ukukhala. Ngokuthe ngcembe, abantwana kufuneka bathathe imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ukuba tindhawu abazali.

Xa ezinxaxhileyo imida zabo kucace ukuba bazahlule kwi kwisiqhelo. Ukuze kugcinakale olu lwalamano, uluntu rhoqo kusikhumbuza ngokwakhe oko kulungileyo noko kubi. Umzekelo, kumabonwakude nakumaphephandaba rhoqo ukukhankanywa ikhoyo ubusela, ukubulala kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho. Abantu yonke imihla zisikhumbuza ngamanyala kunye nolwaphulo uxanduva waphula umthetho imithetho.

Kwangaxeshanye, izazinzulu ezithile zentlalo ngoku uzama ukubonisa ukuba uluntu ngokuzithandela okanye bengathandi igcina aphambuke, ukudala emhlabeni otyebileyo kubo. Umzekelo, entolongweni swi nga pfuna munhu leswaku a ayeke ukuziphatha kwakhe etenxileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, enalo elugcinweni bume, nto leyo isebenza indawo umanyano abantu kwihlabathi mthetho.

Bempilo kunye neemvakalelo

Xa abadala, njengoko imvakalelo ngokunxulumene mungu ke ikratshi kunye nehlazo. Abo abasabela yemvelo impendulo ukwayo zentlalo. Kule meko ke promotions lenta imihla entsonkothileyo. Izohlwayo nga bacinge. Nabalawuli ihlazo nokuzingca yomntu zifakiwe ngaloo mzuzu, xa yena yedwa kwaye kuxhomekeke ukugxekwa ngqo yoluntu.

Ihlazo ivelisa enye imvakalelo - umsindo. Ukubolekisa ezi ndlela zimbini ukho ngamanqanaba amathathu. Kuqala ke ukutshatyalaliswa iqhina zentlalo, ngoko kuza nokuhluthwa zonxibelelwano kunye, ekugqibeleni, sonke siphela na ungquzulwano phakathi kwabantu. Iingcali abaninzi bayavuma ukuba lo mthetho umjikelezo apho ungakwazi ukuyiphepha loo meko, ngaphandle kokutshintsha indlela oziphatha ngayo. Ngelo umqondo ofanayo ngenzondelelo shame ngokufuthi iibhloko ukuze abuyisele ubudlelwane ekuhlaleni "obuqhelekileyo" yaye babekwe amabala. Usenokuziva ngumbala lokuphelisa.

Depression izenzo

Xa amabala kwi umntu ofumana ileyibhile, ngokufuthi uxinezeleko. ingcambu yawo siyifumana ukunqongophala yonxulumano ethembekileyo kwezentlalo. Patient umntu odakumbileyo kwezi abafowunelwa ezibalulekileyo ebomini ngokupheleleyo kutshatyalaliswa. Le meko yenzeka njenge phambili ubhalo kupheliswa amabala yi lonke uluntu.

Imvakalelo sokulahlwa Umntu engundoqo, njengoko umthetho, kulihlazo, umsindo okanye intlungu. Iimpawu zazo idla ngokuba kukho ukuziphatha awuqinisekanga ilizwi ethambileyo, iliso qhagamshelana ukuphetshwa, ixhala, izinto kunye nokuzeyisa ityala.