Methane Ukutsha

Methane a ikhemikhali sukube kunye nefomula yemichiza CH4. Le ummeli elula alkanes. Amanye amagama kweli qela oganikhi khompawundi: umda, befumile okanye hydrocarbon paraffinic. Bona ubonakala ngokuba ibhondi eyodwa phakathi athom kwekhabhoni molecule, nabo bonke valences eziseleyo ngamnye athom carbon ziye befumile yi atom hydrogen. Kuba alkanes indlela nto ibalulekileyo otshisayo. Ngazo yenze igesi carbon dioxide kunye nomphunga wamanzi. Ngenxa yoko, isixa esikhulu amandla ekhemikhali bakhululwa, nto leyo aguqulwa abe bubushushu okanye amandla ombane. Methane ulwelo olunokutsha kwaye icandelo engundoqo igesi yendalo, nto leyo eyenza iKapa ibe amafutha enomtsalane. Xa intliziyo ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi yokusabela zendalo eziphili methane yokutsha. Ekubeni phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo yigesi, kunzima ukuthutha imigama emide ukusuka kumthombo, ngoko ke badla pre-kwegesi.

Inkqubo yokutsha zisabela phakathi methane neoksijini, ngamanye kwi igcwala elula alkane. Oku kuvelisa carbon dioxide, amanzi kunye amandla amaninzi. Ukutshiswa methane kungachazwa yi lenxaki: CH4 [igesi] + 2O2 [irhasi] → CO2 [irhasi] + 2H2O [umphunga] + 891 kJ. Oko kukuthi, omnye molecule ye methane ukusabela kunye iimolekyuli ezimbini ioksijini enza zinemoletyhule le carbon dioxide kunye iimolekyuli ezimbini namanzi. Oku ukhupha amandla obushushu, nto leyo ilingana 891 kJ. irhasi yendalo ohlambulukileyo iqonga eziphili zamandulo ukuze namalahle, oyile kunye nezinye izibaso intsonkothe ngaphezulu kumafa. Ngoko ke, xa utshisa wenze emoyeni imichiza ezahlukeneyo yingozi. Ekubeni irhasi yendalo ikakhulu yabhalwa methane (malunga nama-95%), ngoko ulitshisileyo ngenkankulu uvelisa iimveliso okanye amathuba zabo zincinane kakhulu kwimeko kwezinye namafutha enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele.

Ixabiso calorific methane (55.7 kJ / g) iphezulu kune homologues yayo, ezifana-methane (51.9 kJ / g), propane (50.35 kJ / g), butane (49.50 kJ / g), okanye ezinye zokubasa (iinkuni, amalahle, separafini). Ukutshisa methane kuvelisa amandla ngaphezulu. Ukulungiselela unyaka yezikhanyisi 100 Iibhalbhu W ukukhanya kufuneka ngomlilo ukusebenza 260 kg iinkuni, no-120 kg zamalahle, separafini okanye 73,3 kg, 58 kg okanye zonke methane, okuhambelana 78,8 m³ yerhasi yendalo.

Le alkane elula ibalulekileyo kokuveliswa kombane. Oku kwenzeka ngokuthi ulitshisileyo njengoko ibhoyila amafutha, zokukhupha umphunga esilawula a injini ngomphunga. Kwakhona ukutsha methane kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa iigesi ezishushu ulwelo, ogama amandla yenza ukusebenza le yegesi (yokutsha ukusebenza de injini okanye injini ngokwawo). Kwizixeko ezininzi, methane ngumbhobho amakhaya ukufudumeza zasekhaya kunye nokupheka. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo amafutha ezizizembiwa evuthayo igesi yendalo uba ngendaleko encinci carbon dioxide kunye isixa esikhulu ubushushu eyenziwe.

Ukutshiswa methane esetyenziselwa ukufikelela amaqondo aphezulu amaziko lwamashishini eyahlukeneyo kwemichiza, kuba izityalo umzekelo, ezinkulu-ethylene. Irhasi yendalo exutywe umoya anikezelweyo zitofu waseziko pyrolysis. Inkqubo yokutsha yenza iigesi ulwelo kunye lobushushu eliphezulu (700-900 ° C). Bafudumeza umbhobho (ibekwe ngaphakathi kwelo ziko) apho umxube izinto ekrwada wadliswa umphunga (ukuze sinciphise coke uluhlu kwimibhobho ziko). Phantsi yesenzo amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, le ezininzi reactions acid, uvelise amacandelo kwithagethi (ethylene kunye propylene) kunye byproducts (resin pyrolysis Heavy, hydrogen methane amaqhezu, methane, propane, hydrocarbon, C4, C5, pyrocondensate, ngamnye kubo isicelo yayo umzekelo, pyrocondensate kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amacandelo benzene okanye motor ipetroli).

Ukutshiswa methane imbaxa emzimbeni-imichiza nesenzeko esekelwe phezu redox reaction exothermic, ebonakala ngu ngesantya esiphezulu senxulumano kwaye ndimkhulule isixa elikhulu ubushushu, kunye transfer ubushushu kunye neenkqubo transfer abaninzi. Ngoko ke, le nkcazelo uyilo umxube yokutsha lobushushu ngumsebenzi onzima, ekubeni ukongeza ukwakhiwa umxube amafutha nempembelelo enkulu zaphembelela kunye ubushushu ekuqaleni. Egcine ukwanda ukunyuka kwamaqondo yokutsha kunye nokudluliselwa nobushushu kunye neenkqubo transfer ngobuninzi igalelo ekunciphiseni yayo. omlilo lobushushu methane kwiinkqubo kuyilo bezixhobo imveliso yemichiza emiselwe ukubala, kunye nofakelo ezikhoyo (umz, emlilweni pyrolysis), oko kulinganiswa ngokusebenzisa thermocouples.